Annals of Pharmacotherapy,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Feb. 23, 2025
Background:
Adults
with
type
2
diabetes
mellitus
(T2DM)
are
at
an
increased
risk
for
certain
brain
or
psychiatric
disorders,
as
those
without
chronic
kidney
disease
heart
failure.
Whether
sodium-glucose
cotransporter
(SGLT2)
inhibitors
associated
these
diseases
is
unclear.
Objective:
This
systematic
review
and
meta-analysis
aimed
to
investigate
the
effects
of
SGLT2
on
nervous
system
disorders.
Methods:
We
searched
PubMed,
ClinicalTrials.gov,
Web
Science
randomized,
double-blind
placebo-controlled
trials
least
≥24
weeks.
used
Mantel–Haenszel
statistical
method,
ratio
(RR),
95%
confidence
interval
(CI)
dichotomous
variables.
Results:
included
52
publications/trials
covering
111
376
participants
(SGLT2
62
192;
Placebo
49
184).
Sodium-glucose
had
no
significant
effect
ischaemic
stroke
(RR
=
0.97;
CI
0.87-1.09;
P
0.64),
cerebrovascular
accident
1.05;
0.91-1.22;
0.50),
dementia
1.29;
0.78-2.12;
0.32),
carotid
artery
occlusion/carotid
stenosis
1.18;
CI:
0.92-1.53;
0.20),
haemorrhagic
0.84;
0.62-1.12;
0.23),
transient
attack
0.82-1.15;
0.73)
compared
placebo.
No
heterogeneity
was
observed.
However,
showed
slight
reduce
Parkinson’s
(major
failure
subgroup).
Empagliflozin
dapagliflozin
significantly
syncope
1.65;
1.15-2.38;
<
0.01)
1.04-2.61;
0.03),
respectively.
Conclusion
Relevance:
disorders
There
reduced
Disease
observed
in
some
specific
populations.
In
addition,
risks
empagliflozin
concerning
worth
attention.
Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
16
Published: Feb. 12, 2025
Peroxisome
proliferator-activated
receptor-
γ
coactivator-1α
(PGC-1α),
which
is
highly
expressed
in
the
central
nervous
system,
known
to
be
involved
regulation
of
mitochondrial
biosynthesis,
metabolic
regulation,
neuroinflammation,
autophagy,
and
oxidative
stress.
This
knowledge
indicates
a
potential
role
PGC-1α
wide
range
functions
associated
with
neurological
diseases.
There
emerging
evidence
indicating
protective
pathogenesis
several
As
such,
deeper
broader
understanding
its
diseases
urgently
needed.
The
present
review
provides
relatively
complete
overview
current
on
PGC-1α,
including
different
types
neurons,
basic
structural
characteristics,
interacting
transcription
factors.
Furthermore,
we
various
diseases,
such
as
intracerebral
hemorrhage,
ischemic
stroke,
Alzheimer’s
disease,
Parkinson’s
Amyotrophic
lateral
sclerosis,
Huntington’s
other
PolyQ
Importantly,
discuss
some
compounds
or
drug-targeting
strategies
that
have
been
studied
ameliorate
pathology
these
introduce
possible
mechanistic
pathways.
Based
available
studies,
propose
targeting
could
serve
promising
novel
therapeutic
strategy
for
one
more
Antioxidants,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
13(6), P. 671 - 671
Published: May 30, 2024
Carfilzomib
is
an
irreversible
proteasome
inhibitor
used
for
multiple
myeloma
patients.
However,
carfilzomib
treatment
associated
with
cardiovascular
complications.
Empagliflozin,
Sodium
Glucose
Co-transporter
2
(SGLT-2)
inhibitor,
oral
antidiabetic
drug
proven
antioxidant
and
anti-inflammatory
properties.
The
aim
of
the
present
study
was
to
determine
cardioprotective
effects
empagliflozin
against
carfilzomib-induced
cardiotoxicity.
C57BL/6
mice
were
randomly
divided
into
four
groups:
control,
empagliflozin,
carfilzomib,
+
empagliflozin.
Empagliflozin
prevented
cardiotoxicity
by
ameliorating
histological
alterations,
CK-MB,
troponin-I.
Moreover,
it
inhibited
oxidative
damage
inflammation
via
its
action
on
catalase
activity,
reduced
glutathione
levels
superoxide
dismutase
nuclear
factor-κB
(p65)
cytokine
levels.
Mechanistically,
abrogated
endoplasmic
reticulum
stress
induced
as
evidenced
effect
Regulated
Protein-78
(GRP-78)/Activating
Transcription
Factor
6
(ATF6)/C/EBP
homologous
protein
(CHOP)
axis.
Intriguingly,
significantly
autophagy,
that
further
enhanced
increased
LC3B
beclin-1
mRNA
expression
p62
expression.
apoptosis
confirmed
active
caspase-3.
Importantly,
did
not
alter
cytotoxic
human
U266B1
cells.
our
findings
suggest
may
provide
a
new
therapeutic
strategy
mitigate
in
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
26(1), P. 364 - 364
Published: Jan. 3, 2025
This
review
describes
our
current
understanding
of
the
role
mitochondria
in
repurposing
anti-diabetes
drugs
metformin,
gliclazide,
GLP-1
receptor
agonists,
and
SGLT2
inhibitors
for
additional
clinical
benefits
regarding
unhealthy
aging,
long
COVID,
mental
neurogenerative
disorders,
obesity.
Metformin,
most
prominent
these
diabetes
drugs,
has
been
called
“Drug
Miracles
Wonders,”
as
trials
have
found
it
to
be
beneficial
human
patients
suffering
from
maladies.
To
promote
viral
replication
all
infected
cells,
SARS-CoV-2
stimulates
liver
cells
produce
glucose
export
into
blood
stream,
which
can
cause
COVID
patients,
reduces
levels
blood,
was
shown
cut
incidence
rate
half
recovering
SARS-CoV-2.
Metformin
leads
phosphorylation
AMP-activated
protein
kinase
AMPK,
accelerates
import
via
transporter
GLUT4
switches
starvation
mode,
counteracting
virus.
Diabetes
also
stimulate
unfolded
response
thus
mitophagy,
is
healthy
aging
health.
were
mimic
exercise
help
reduce
body
weight.
Pharmacological Research,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
212, P. 107578 - 107578
Published: Jan. 5, 2025
Ginseng
has
been
commonly
used
as
a
traditional
Chinese
medicine
in
Asian
countries
for
thousands
of
years.
Ginsenosides
are
the
main
pharmacologically
active
ingredients
isolated
from
ginseng
and
have
neuroprotective
effects
treatment
neurodegenerative
disorders,
such
Parkinson's
disease
(PD)
Alzheimer's
(AD).
To
summarise
investigate
protective
roles
ginsenosides
their
underlying
mechanisms
PD
AD,
we
''Ginsenoside",
''Parkinson's
disease",
''Alzheimer's
''anti-inflammatory",
''antioxidant",
''apoptosis"
keywords
to
search
extract
relevant
literature
information
scientific
databases
Elsevier,
PubMed,
Google
Scholar
databases.
In
particular,
network
pharmacology
identify
potential
targets
Rg1
Rb1
AD.
By
analysing
existing
research
advances
results,
found
that
ginsenosides,
primarily
mediated
through
anti-inflammation,
anti-apoptosis
anti-oxidative
stress,
etc,
may
be
associated
with
PI3K/Akt,
BDNF/TrkB,
MAPKs,
NF-κB,
Nrf2
Wnt/β-catenin
signalling
pathways.
This
review
systematically
summarises
different
Rg1,
Rb1,
rare
AD
provides
new
strategies
disorders.
Network
paradigm
using
Rb1.
