Highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N1) in marine mammals and seabirds in Peru

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: Sept. 7, 2023

Abstract Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A/H5N1 viruses (lineage 2.3.4.4b) are rapidly invading the Americas, threatening wildlife, poultry, and potentially evolving into next global pandemic. In November 2022 HPAI arrived in Peru, triggering massive pelican sea lion die-offs. We report genomic characterization of HPAI/H5N1 five species marine mammals seabirds (dolphins, lions, sanderlings, pelicans cormorants). Peruvian belong to lineage 2.3.4.4b, but they 4:4 reassortants where 4 segments (PA, HA, NA MP) position within Eurasian that initially entered North America from Eurasia, while other (PB2, PB1, NP NS) American (clade C) circulated America. These accruing mutations, including mutations concern, warrant further examination highlight an urgent need for active local surveillance manage outbreaks limit spillover species, humans.

Language: Английский

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Avian influenza overview December 2022 – March 2023

EFSA Journal, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 21(3)

Published: March 1, 2023

Between 3 December 2022 and 1 March 2023 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5N1) virus, clade 2.3.4.4b, was reported in Europe domestic (522) wild (1,138) birds over 24 countries. An unexpected number of HPAI virus detections sea were observed, mainly gull species particularly black-headed gulls (large mortality events observed France, Belgium, the Netherlands, Italy). The close genetic relationship among viruses collected from suggests a southward spread virus. Moreover, analyses indicate that persisted residential during after summer months. Although retained preferential binding for avian-like receptors, several mutations associated to increased zoonotic potential detected. risk infection poultry due circulating other might increase coming months, as breeding bird colonies move inland with possible overlap production areas. Worldwide, continued Americas, Mexico southern Chile. Peruvian pelican most frequently infected thousands deaths being reported. reporting mammals also probably linked feeding on birds. In Peru, mass event lions January February 2023. Since October 2022, six humans Cambodia (a family cluster 2 people, 2.3.2.1c), China (2, 2.3.4.4b), Ecuador (1, Vietnam unspecified clade), well two A(H5N6) human infections China. currently H5 2.3.4.4b is assessed low general population EU/EEA, moderate occupationally or otherwise exposed people.

Language: Английский

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Rapid evolution of A(H5N1) influenza viruses after intercontinental spread to North America

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: May 29, 2023

Highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) viruses of clade 2.3.4.4b underwent an explosive geographic expansion in 2021 among wild birds and domestic poultry across Asia, Europe, Africa. By the end 2021, were detected North America, signifying further intercontinental spread. Here we show that western movement was quickly followed by reassortment with circulating resulting acquisition different combinations ribonucleoprotein genes. These reassortant are genotypically phenotypically diverse, many causing severe disease dramatic neurologic involvement mammals. The proclivity current virus lineage to reassort target central nervous system warrants concerted planning combat spread evolution within continent mitigate impact a potential pandemic could originate from similar reassortants.

Language: Английский

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Avian influenza overview December 2021 – March 2022

EFSA Journal, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 20(4)

Published: April 1, 2022

Between 9 December 2021 and 15 March 2022, 2,653 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus detections were reported in 33 EU/EEA countries the UK poultry (1,030), wild (1,489) captive birds (133). The outbreaks mainly by France (609), where two spatiotemporal clusters have been identified since October 2021, followed Italy (131), Hungary (73) Poland (53); those reporting accounted together for 12.8 of 17.5 million that culled HPAI affected establishments this period. majority Germany (767), Netherlands (293), (118) Denmark (74). A(H5) was detected a wide range host species birds, indicating an increasing changing risk incursion into farms. observed persistence continuous circulation viruses migratory resident will continue to pose industry Europe coming months. This requires definition rapid implementation suitable sustainable mitigation strategies such as appropriate biosecurity measures, surveillance plans early detection measures different production systems. results genetic analysis indicate currently circulating belong clade 2.3.4.4b. Some these also mammal Netherlands, Slovenia, Finland Ireland showing markers adaptation replication mammals. Since last report, one human infection with A(H5N1), China 17 infections A(H5N6), Cambodia A(H9N2) virus. general population is assessed low, occupationally exposed people, low medium.

Language: Английский

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Avian influenza overview April – June 2023

EFSA Journal, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 21(7)

Published: July 1, 2023

Between 29 April and 23 June 2023, highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5N1) virus (clade 2.3.4.4b) outbreaks were reported in domestic (98) wild (634) birds across 25 countries Europe. A cluster of mulard ducks for foie gras production was concentrated Southwest France, whereas the overall situation poultry Europe worldwide has eased. In birds, black-headed gulls several new seabird species, mostly terns (e.g. sandwich terns), heavily affected, with increased mortality being observed both adults juveniles after hatching. Compared to same period last year, dead seabirds have been increasingly found inland not only along European coastlines. As regards mammals, identified 24 cats one caracal Poland between 10 30 2023. Affected animals showed neurological respiratory signs, sometimes mortality, widely scattered nine voivodeships country. All cases are genetically closely related viruses detected (since October 2022, but now sporadic) (December 2022-January 2023) past. Uncertainties still exist around their possible source infection, no feline-to-feline or feline-to-human transmission so far. Since May 2023 as 4 July two clade 2.3.4.4b detections humans from United Kingdom, A(H9N2) A(H5N6) human infections China. addition, person infected A(H3N8) China died. The risk infection currently circulating H5 remains low general population EU/EEA, moderate occupationally otherwise exposed people mammals (wild domesticated).

Language: Английский

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Outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) clade 2.3.4.4b virus in cats, Poland, June to July 2023

Eurosurveillance, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 28(31)

Published: Aug. 3, 2023

Background Over a 3-week period in late June/early July 2023, Poland experienced an outbreak caused by highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5N1) virus cats. Aim This study aimed to characterise the identified and investigate possible sources of infection. Methods We performed next generation sequencing phylogenetic analysis detected viruses Results sampled 46 cats, 25 tested positive for virus. The belong clade 2.3.4.4b, genotype CH (H5N1 A/Eurasian wigeon/Netherlands/3/2022-like). In Poland, this was responsible several poultry outbreaks between December 2022 January 2023 has been only sporadically since February 2023. Viruses from cats were very similar each other, indicating one common source addition, most closely related dead white stork early June. Influenza possessed two amino acid substitutions PB2 protein (526R 627K) which are molecular markers adaptation mammals. presented those mutations (627K), suggests that had spilled over already partially adapted mammalian species. Conclusion scale HPAI H5N1 infection is worrying. One seems be meat, but date no such meat with certainty. Surveillance should stepped up on poultry, also certain species farmed mammals kept close infected farms.

Language: Английский

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Highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N1) in marine mammals and seabirds in Peru

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 3, 2023

ABSTRACT Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A/H5N1 viruses (lineage 2.3.4.4b) are rapidly invading the Americas, threatening wildlife, poultry, and potentially evolving into next global pandemic. In November 2022, HPAI arrived in Peru, where massive pelican sea lion die-offs still underway. We report complete genomic characterization of HPAI/H5N1 five species marine mammals seabirds (dolphins, lions, sanderlings, pelicans cormorants) sampled since 2022. All Peruvian belong to lineage 2.3.4.4b, but they 4:4 reassortants 4 segments (PA, HA, NA MP) position within Eurasian that initially entered North America from Eurasia, while other (PB2, PB1, NP NS) American (clade C) was already circulating America. These accruing mutations as spread south. do not contain PB2 E627K or D701N linked mammalian host adaptation enhanced transmission, at least 8 novel polymorphic sites warrant further examination. This is first birds South America, highlighting an urgent need for active local surveillance manage outbreaks limit spillover humans.

Language: Английский

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Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus (H5N1) Clade 2.3.4.4b Introduced by Wild Birds, China, 2021

Emerging infectious diseases, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 29(7)

Published: June 15, 2023

Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) subtype H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b virus has spread globally, causing unprecedented large-scale outbreaks since 2020. In 2021, we isolated 17 highly viruses from wild birds in China. To determine origin, genetically analyzed 1,529 reported globally October 2020 and found that they formed 35 genotypes. The belonged to genotypes G07, which originated eastern Asia, G10, Russia. were moderately mice but lethal ducks. the same antigenic cluster as current vaccine strain (H5-Re14) used chickens, H5/H7 trivalent provided complete protection against challenge. Our data indicate vaccination is an effective strategy for preventing controlling prevalent virus.

Language: Английский

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Avian influenza overview December 2023–March 2024

EFSA Journal, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 22(3)

Published: March 1, 2024

Between 2 December 2023 and 15 March 2024, highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5) outbreaks were reported in domestic (227) wild (414) birds across 26 countries Europe. Compared to previous years, although still widespread, the overall number of HPAI virus detections was significantly lower, among other reasons, possibly due some level flock immunity previously affected bird species, resulting reduced contamination environment, a different composition circulating A(H5N1) genotypes. Most poultry primary following introduction by birds. Outside Europe, majority clustered North America, while spread more naïve populations on mainland Antarctica is particular concern. For mammals, A(H5N5) for first time goat kids United States America represented natural infection ruminants. Since last report as 12 five human infections, including one death, three which clade 2.3.2.1c viruses, have been Cambodia. China has two fatal case, with A(H5N6), four infections A(H9N2) case co-infection seasonal A(H3N2) A(H10N5). The latter documented Human remain rare no sustained human-to-human observed. risk currently H5 viruses 2.3.4.4b Europe remains low general population EU/EEA. moderate those occupationally or otherwise exposed infected animals.

Language: Английский

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Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) H5 Clade 2.3.4.4b Virus Infection in Birds and Mammals

Animals, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(9), P. 1372 - 1372

Published: May 2, 2024

Avian influenza viruses (AIVs) are highly contagious respiratory of birds, leading to significant morbidity and mortality globally causing substantial economic losses the poultry industry agriculture. Since their first isolation in 2013–2014, Asian-origin H5 pathogenic avian (HPAI) clade 2.3.4.4b have undergone unprecedented evolution reassortment internal gene segments. In just a few years, it supplanted other AIV clades, now is widespread wild migratory waterfowl, spreading Asia, Europe, Africa, Americas. Wild natural reservoir LPAIVs generally more resistant disease, also manifested high with HPAIV 2.3.4.4b. This caused overt clinical signs mass variety mammalian species never reported before, such as raptors, seabirds, sealions, foxes, others. Most notably, recent outbreaks dairy cattle were associated emergence critical mutations related adaptation, raising concerns about possibility jumping acquisition sustained human-to-human transmission. The main anatomopathological findings virus infection birds non-human mammals hereby summarized.

Language: Английский

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