Environmental fate and exposure; neonicotinoids and fipronil

Environmental Science and Pollution Research, Journal Year: 2014, Volume and Issue: 22(1), P. 35 - 67

Published: Aug. 6, 2014

Systemic insecticides are applied to plants using a wide variety of methods, ranging from foliar sprays seed treatments and soil drenches. Neonicotinoids fipronil among the most widely used pesticides in world. Their popularity is largely due their high toxicity invertebrates, ease flexibility with which they can be applied, long persistence, systemic nature, ensures that spread all parts target crop. However, these properties also increase probability environmental contamination exposure nontarget organisms. Environmental occurs via number routes including dust generated during drilling dressed seeds, accumulation arable soils water, runoff into waterways, uptake by roots or deposition on leaves. Persistence soils, variable but prolonged; for example, half-lives neonicotinoids exceed 1,000 days, so accumulate when repeatedly. Similarly, persist woody periods exceeding 1 year. Breakdown results toxic metabolites, though concentrations environment rarely measured. Overall, there strong evidence agricultural environments neighboring areas contaminated levels mixtures metabolites (soil, per billion (ppb)-parts million (ppm) range; trillion (ppt)-ppb plants, ppb-ppm range). This provides multiple chronic (and acute some cases) animals. For pollinators exposed through direct contact drilling; consumption pollen, nectar, guttation drops seed-treated crops, pollen nectar wild flowers trees growing near-treated crops. Studies food stores honeybee colonies across globe demonstrate routinely chronically neonicotinoids, fipronil, (generally 1-100 ppb range), mixed other known act synergistically neonicotinoids. Other organisms, particularly those inhabiting aquatic habitats, herbivorous insects feeding noncrop farmland, will inevitably receive exposure, although data generally lacking groups. We summarize current state knowledge regarding fate compounds outlining what about chemical compounds, placing context modern practices.

Language: Английский

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Effects of neonicotinoids and fipronil on non-target invertebrates

Environmental Science and Pollution Research, Journal Year: 2014, Volume and Issue: 22(1), P. 68 - 102

Published: Sept. 16, 2014

Abstract We assessed the state of knowledge regarding effects large-scale pollution with neonicotinoid insecticides and fipronil on non-target invertebrate species terrestrial, freshwater marine environments. A large section assessment is dedicated to sublethal honeybees ( Apis mellifera ) because this important pollinator most studied species. Lepidoptera (butterflies moths), Lumbricidae (earthworms), Apoidae sensu lato (bumblebees, solitary bees) “other invertebrates” review available studies other terrestrial The sections are rather short as little known so far about impact diverse fauna these widely exposed habitats. For aquatic species, pesticides described ranging from organismal toxicology behavioural population-level effects. earthworms, relation findings regulatory risk described. Neonicotinoid exhibit very high toxicity a wide range invertebrates, particularly insects, field-realistic exposure likely result in both lethal broad impacts. There major gap impacts grand majority many which perform essential roles enabling healthy ecosystem functioning. data few field tests have been performed limited by flaws outdated test protocols. Despite gaps uncertainties, enough exists conclude that existing levels neonicotinoids resulting presently authorized uses frequently exceed lowest observed adverse effect concentrations thus negative biological ecological invertebrates aquatic, benthic

Language: Английский

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The city as a refuge for insect pollinators

Conservation Biology, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 31(1), P. 24 - 29

Published: Sept. 14, 2016

Abstract Research on urban insect pollinators is changing views the biological value and ecological importance of cities. The abundance diversity native bee species in landscapes that are absent nearby rural lands evidence cities have implications for biodiversity conservation. Lagging behind this revised image city conservation programs historically invested education outreach rather than designed to achieve high‐priority results. We synthesized research determine how could be repositioned better align with new landscapes. Due pollinators’ relatively small functional requirements—habitat range, life cycle, nesting behavior—relative larger mammals, we argue put high‐impact within reach. In a rapidly urbanizing world, transforming environmental managers view can improve citizen engagement contribute development more sustainable urbanization.

Language: Английский

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The environmental risks of neonicotinoid pesticides: a review of the evidence post 2013

Environmental Science and Pollution Research, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 24(21), P. 17285 - 17325

Published: June 7, 2017

Neonicotinoid pesticides were first introduced in the mid-1990s, and since then, their use has grown rapidly. They are now most widely used class of insecticides world, with majority applications coming from seed dressings. Neonicotinoids water-soluble, so can be taken up by a developing plant found inside vascular tissues foliage, providing protection against herbivorous insects. However, only approximately 5% neonicotinoid active ingredient is crop plants instead disperses into wider environment. Since mid-2000s, several studies raised concerns that neonicotinoids may having negative effect on non-target organisms, particular honeybees bumblebees. In response to these studies, European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) was commissioned produce risk assessments for clothianidin, imidacloprid thiamethoxam impact bees. These concluded compounds certain flowering crops poses high On basis findings, Union adopted partial ban substances May 2013. The purpose present paper collate summarise scientific evidence published 2013 investigates organisms. Whilst much recent work focused bees, growing body demonstrates persistent, low levels have impacts wide range free-living

Language: Английский

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Risks of large-scale use of systemic insecticides to ecosystem functioning and services

Environmental Science and Pollution Research, Journal Year: 2014, Volume and Issue: 22(1), P. 119 - 134

Published: July 18, 2014

Large-scale use of the persistent and potent neonicotinoid fipronil insecticides has raised concerns about risks to ecosystem functions provided by a wide range species environments affected these insecticides. The concept services is widely used in decision making context valuing service potentials, benefits, values that well-functioning ecosystems provide humans biosphere and, as an endpoint (value be protected), ecological risk assessment chemicals. Neonicotinoid are frequently detected soil water also found air, dust particles during sowing crops aerosols spraying. These environmental media essential resources support biodiversity, but known threatened long-term or repeated contamination neonicotinoids fipronil. We review state knowledge regarding potential impacts on functioning terrestrial aquatic including freshwater functions, fisheries, biological pest control, pollination services. Empirical studies examining specific have focused largely negative beneficial insect (honeybees) impact food crops. However, here we document broader evidence effects regulating quality, pollination, resilience, community diversity. In particular, microbes, invertebrates, fish play critical roles decomposers, pollinators, consumers, predators, which collectively maintain healthy communities integrity. Several examples this demonstrate systemic decomposition, nutrient cycling, respiration, invertebrate populations valued humans. Invertebrates, particularly earthworms important for processes, wild domestic pollinators plant crop production, several taxa involved were all highly susceptible lethal sublethal and/or at environmentally relevant concentrations. By contrast, most microbes do not appear sensitive under normal exposure scenarios, though may certain realms such combined fish-rice farming systems through chain effects. highlight economic cultural around agriculture aquaculture production role threatening security. Overall, recommend improved sustainable agricultural practices restrict insecticide fundamentally depend on.

Language: Английский

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Environmental Risks and Challenges Associated with Neonicotinoid Insecticides

Environmental Science & Technology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 52(6), P. 3329 - 3335

Published: Feb. 26, 2018

Neonicotinoid use has increased rapidly in recent years, with a global shift toward insecticide applications as seed coatings rather than aerial spraying. While the of can lessen amount overspray and drift, near universal prophylactic neonicotinoid on major agricultural crops led to widespread detections environment (pollen, soil, water, honey). Pollinators aquatic insects appear be especially susceptible effects neonicotinoids current research suggesting that chronic sublethal are more prevalent acute toxicity. Meanwhile, evidence clear consistent yield benefits from remains elusive for most crops. Future decisions will benefit weighing crop versus environmental impacts nontarget organisms considering whether there environmentally benign alternatives.

Language: Английский

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Effects of Neonicotinoid Pesticide Exposure on Human Health: A Systematic Review

Environmental Health Perspectives, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 125(2), P. 155 - 162

Published: July 6, 2016

Background:Numerous studies have identified detectable levels of neonicotinoids (neonics) in the environment, adverse effects neonics many species, including mammals, and pathways through which human exposure to could occur, yet little is known about health neonic exposure.Objective:In this systematic review, we sought identify population on neonics.Methods:Studies published English between 2005 2015 were searched using PubMed, Scopus, Web Science databases. No restrictions placed type outcome assessed. Risk bias was assessed guidance developed by National Toxicology Program's Office Health Assessment Translation.Results:Eight investigating identified. Four examined acute exposure: Three poisoning reported two fatalities (n = 1,280 cases) an occupational study 19 forestry workers no effects. general associations chronic developmental or neurological outcomes, tetralogy Fallot (AOR 2.4, 95% CI: 1.1, 5.4), anencephaly 2.9, 1.0, 8.2), autism spectrum disorder [AOR 1.3, credible interval (CrI): 0.78, 2.2], a symptom cluster memory loss finger tremor (OR 14, 3.5, 57). Reported odds ratios based exposed compared unexposed groups.Conclusions:The conducted date limited number with suggestive but methodologically weak findings related exposure. Given wide-scale use neonics, more are needed fully understand their health.Citation:Cimino AM, Boyles AL, Thayer KA, Perry MJ. 2017. Effects neonicotinoid pesticide health: review. Environ Perspect 125:155–162; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/EHP515

Language: Английский

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A worldwide survey of neonicotinoids in honey

Science, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 358(6359), P. 109 - 111

Published: Oct. 5, 2017

Growing evidence for global pollinator decline is causing concern biodiversity conservation and ecosystem services maintenance. Neonicotinoid pesticides have been identified or suspected as a key factor responsible this decline. We assessed the exposure of pollinators to neonicotinoids by analyzing 198 honey samples from across world. found at least one five tested compounds (acetamiprid, clothianidin, imidacloprid, thiacloprid, thiamethoxam) in 75% all samples, 45% contained two more these compounds, 10% four five. Our results confirm bees their food throughout The coexistence other may increase harm pollinators. However, concentrations detected are below maximum residue level authorized human consumption (average ± standard error positive samples: 1.8 0.56 nanograms per gram).

Language: Английский

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Human exposure to neonicotinoid insecticides and the evaluation of their potential toxicity: An overview

Chemosphere, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 192, P. 59 - 65

Published: Oct. 26, 2017

Language: Английский

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Sulfur-Containing Agrochemicals

Topics in Current Chemistry, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 375(6)

Published: Oct. 9, 2017

Language: Английский

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