International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
21(6), P. 2194 - 2194
Published: March 22, 2020
Major
depressive
disorder
(MDD),
which
is
a
leading
psychiatric
illness
across
the
world,
severely
affects
quality
of
life
and
causes
an
increased
incidence
suicide.
Evidence
from
animal
as
well
clinical
studies
have
indicated
that
peripheral
or
central
cytokine
interleukin-6
(IL-6)
levels
play
important
role
in
stress
reaction
disorder,
especially
physical
disorders
comorbid
with
depression.
Increased
release
IL-6
MDD
has
been
found
to
be
factor
associated
prognosis
therapeutic
response,
may
affect
wide
range
symptomatology.
However,
study
results
IL6
genetic
effects
are
controversial.
activity
cause
depression
through
activation
hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal
axis
influence
neurotransmitter
metabolism.
The
neuroinflammation
pathogenesis
created
new
perspective
combining
blood
other
depression-related
help
classify
biological
subtypes,
allow
physicians
identify
optimal
treatment
for
patients.
To
modulate
by
IL-6-related
agents,
current
antidepressive
herb
medication,
pre-/probiotics
non-pharmacological
interventions
hold
great
promise
patients
inflammatory
features.
Frontiers in Pharmacology,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
11
Published: Sept. 4, 2020
Centella
asiatica
(also
known
as
(L.)
Urb.
or
Gotu
kola)
is
a
traditional
Chinese
medicine
with
extensive
medicinal
value,
which
mainly
used
in
Southeast
Asian
countries.
This
study
aimed
to
summarize
the
effects
of
C.
and
its
main
components
on
neurological
diseases,
endocrine
skin
cardiovascular
gastrointestinal
immune
gynecological
well
potential
molecular
mechanisms,
pathological
mechanism
these
diseases
based
changes
at
level.
The
results
showed
that
triterpenoids
had
beneficial
were
confirmed
through
clinical
studies.
They
exhibited
anti-inflammatory,
anti-oxidative
stress,
anti-apoptotic
effects,
improvement
mitochondrial
function.
However,
further
studies
are
urgently
required
due
low
level
evidence
lack
patients.
Journal of Alzheimer s Disease,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
77(1), P. 139 - 147
Published: July 3, 2020
Probiotics
use
has
been
associated
with
modulation
of
inflammation
and
considered
as
a
possible
intervention
for
CNS
diseases
such
mild
cognitive
impairment
(MCI)
dementia.We
aimed
to
test
the
effect
probiotic
strain,
Bifidobacterium
breve
A1
(MCC1274),
restore
cognition
in
physically
healthy,
suspected
MCI
population.In
this
randomized,
double-blind,
placebo-controlled
trial,
80
healthy
older
adults
suffering
from
were
divided
into
two
even
groups
receive
once
daily
either
(B.
A1,
2×1010
CFU)
or
placebo
16
weeks
using
computer-generated
algorithm.
Cognitive
functions
assessed
by
Repeatable
Battery
Assessment
Neuropsychological
Status
(RBANS)
Japanese
version
Screen
(JMCIS)
tests
before
after
study
primary
secondary
endpoints,
respectively.79
participants
completed
study,
no
adverse
events
observed.
RBANS
total
score
was
significantly
improved
group
compared
(mean
between-group
difference
11.3
[95%
CI
6.7
15.8];
p
<
0.0001)
consumption,
particular
significant
improvement
domain
scores
immediate
memory,
visuospatial/constructional,
delayed
memory
(p
0.0001),
both
intention-to-treat
(ITT)
analysis
per-protocol
(PP)
analysis.
JMCIS
also
versus
ITT
=
0.052)
PP
0.036).Study
results
indicate
B.
is
safe
effective
approach
improving
subjects.
Frontiers in Neuroscience,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
16
Published: Sept. 1, 2022
Currently,
there
is
no
disease-modifying
treatment
available
for
Alzheimer's
and
Parkinson's
disease
(AD
PD)
that
includes
the
highly
controversial
approval
of
Aβ-targeting
antibody
aducanumab
AD.
Hence,
still
an
unmet
need
a
neuroprotective
drug
in
both
AD
PD.
Type
2
diabetes
risk
factor
Glucagon-like
peptide
1
(GLP-1)
hormone
growth
has
shown
effects
preclinical
studies,
success
GLP-1
mimetics
phase
II
clinical
trials
PD
raised
new
hope.
are
currently
on
market
as
treatments
type
diabetes.
analogs
safe,
well
tolerated,
resistant
to
desensitization
characterized
clinic.
Herein,
we
review
existing
evidence
illustrate
pathways
induced
following
GLP-1R
activation
neurons,
microglia
astrocytes.
The
latter
include
synaptic
protection,
improvements
cognition,
learning
motor
function,
amyloid
pathology-ameliorating
properties
(Aβ,
Tau,
α-synuclein),
suppression
Ca
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
23(2), P. 616 - 616
Published: Jan. 6, 2022
Dementia
is
a
neurodegenerative
condition
that
considered
major
factor
contributing
to
cognitive
decline
reduces
independent
function.
Pathophysiological
pathways
are
not
well
defined
for
diseases
such
as
dementia;
however,
published
evidence
has
shown
the
role
of
numerous
inflammatory
processes
in
brain
toward
their
pathology.
Microglia
central
nervous
system
(CNS)
principal
components
brain’s
immune
defence
and
can
detect
harmful
or
external
pathogens.
When
stimulated,
cells
trigger
neuroinflammatory
responses
by
releasing
proinflammatory
chemokines,
cytokines,
reactive
oxygen
species,
nitrogen
species
order
preserve
cell’s
microenvironment.
These
markers
include
cytokines
IL-1,
IL-6,
TNFα
chemokines
CCR3
CCL2
CCR5.
Microglial
may
produce
prolonged
response
that,
some
circumstances,
indicated
promotion
diseases.
The
present
review
focused
on
involvement
microglial
cell
activation
throughout
conditions
link
between
dementia.
Journal of Neuroinflammation,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
20(1)
Published: Nov. 27, 2023
As
one
of
most
common
and
severe
mental
disorders,
major
depressive
disorder
(MDD)
significantly
increases
the
risks
premature
death
other
medical
conditions
for
patients.
Neuroinflammation
is
abnormal
immune
response
in
brain,
its
correlation
with
MDD
receiving
increasing
attention.
has
been
reported
to
be
involved
through
distinct
neurobiological
mechanisms,
among
which
dysregulation
neurogenesis
dentate
gyrus
(DG)
hippocampus
(HPC)
The
DG
two
niches
adult
mammalian
neurotrophic
factors
are
fundamental
regulators
this
process.
cell
types
mediating
neuroinflammation
include
microglia,
astrocytes,
oligodendrocytes,
meningeal
leukocytes,
peripheral
cells
selectively
penetrate
blood-brain
barrier
infiltrate
into
inflammatory
regions.
This
review
summarizes
functions
affected
by
during
progression
corresponding
influences
on
memory
patients
model
animals.
Molecular Biomedicine,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
4(1)
Published: Nov. 8, 2023
Abstract
The
Janus
kinase-signal
transducer
and
transcription
activator
pathway
(JAK-STAT)
serves
as
a
cornerstone
in
cellular
signaling,
regulating
physiological
pathological
processes
such
inflammation
stress.
Dysregulation
this
can
lead
to
severe
immunodeficiencies
malignancies,
its
role
extends
neurotransduction
pro-inflammatory
signaling
mechanisms.
Although
JAK
inhibitors
(Jakinibs)
have
successfully
treated
immunological
inflammatory
disorders,
their
application
has
generally
been
limited
diseases
with
similar
pathogenic
features.
Despite
the
modest
expression
of
JAK-STAT
CNS,
it
is
crucial
for
functions
cortex,
hippocampus,
cerebellum,
making
relevant
conditions
like
Parkinson's
disease
other
neuroinflammatory
disorders.
Furthermore,
influence
on
serotonin
receptors
phospholipase
C
implications
stress
mood
This
review
expands
understanding
JAK-STAT,
moving
beyond
traditional
contexts
explore
stress-related
disorders
CNS
function.
Recent
findings,
effectiveness
Jakinibs
chronic
rheumatoid
arthritis,
expand
therapeutic
applicability.
Advances
isoform-specific
inhibitors,
including
filgotinib
upadacitinib,
promise
greater
specificity
fewer
off-target
effects.
Combination
therapies,
involving
monoclonal
antibodies,
aiming
enhance
efficacy
also
give
great
hope.
Overall,
bridges
gap
between
basic
science
clinical
application,
elucidating
complex
human
health
guiding
future
interventions.
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