Frontiers in Pharmacology,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
13
Published: Sept. 5, 2022
Central
nervous
system
(CNS)
diseases
can
lead
to
motor,
sensory,
speech,
cognitive
dysfunction,
and
sometimes
even
death.
These
are
recognized
cause
a
substantial
socio-economic
impact
on
global
scale.
Tetramethylpyrazine
(TMP)
is
one
of
the
main
active
ingredients
extracted
from
Chinese
herbal
medicine
Ligusticum
striatum
DC
.
(Chuan
Xiong).
Many
in
vivo
vitro
studies
have
demonstrated
that
TMP
has
certain
role
treatment
CNS
through
inhibiting
calcium
ion
overload
glutamate
excitotoxicity,
anti-oxidative/nitrification
stress,
mitigating
inflammatory
response,
anti-apoptosis,
protecting
integrity
blood-brain
barrier
(BBB)
facilitating
synaptic
plasticity.
In
this
review,
we
summarize
roles
mechanisms
action
ischemic
cerebrovascular
disease,
spinal
cord
injury,
Parkinson’s
Alzheimer’s
impairments,
migraine,
depression.
Our
review
will
provide
new
insights
into
clinical
applications
development
novel
therapeutics.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
23(1), P. 14 - 14
Published: Dec. 21, 2021
Its
increasing
incidence
has
led
stroke
to
be
the
second
leading
cause
of
death
worldwide.
Despite
significant
advances
in
recanalization
strategies,
patients
are
still
at
risk
for
ischemia/reperfusion
injuries
this
pathophysiology,
which
neuroinflammation
is
significantly
involved.
Research
shown
that
acute
phase,
neuroinflammatory
cascades
lead
apoptosis,
disruption
blood-brain
barrier,
cerebral
edema,
and
hemorrhagic
transformation,
while
later
stages,
these
pathways
support
tissue
repair
functional
recovery.
The
present
review
discusses
various
cell
types
mechanisms
through
contributes
parenchymal
injury
repair,
as
well
therapeutic
attempts
made
vitro,
animal
experiments,
clinical
trials
target
neuroinflammation,
highlighting
future
perspectives.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
23(2), P. 907 - 907
Published: Jan. 14, 2022
Cerebral
circulation
delivers
the
blood
flow
to
brain
through
a
dedicated
network
of
sanguine
vessels.
A
healthy
human
can
regulate
cerebral
(CBF)
according
any
physiological
or
pathological
challenges.
The
is
protected
by
its
self-regulatory
mechanisms,
which
are
dependent
on
neuronal
and
support
cellular
populations,
including
endothelial
ones,
as
well
metabolic,
even
myogenic
factors.Accumulating
data
suggest
that
"non-pharmacological"
approaches
might
provide
new
opportunities
for
stroke
therapy,
such
electro-/acupuncture,
hyperbaric
oxygen
hypothermia/cooling,
photobiomodulation,
therapeutic
gases,
transcranial
direct
current
stimulations,
magnetic
stimulations.
We
reviewed
recent
mechanisms
clinical
implications
these
non-pharmaceutical
treatments.To
present
state-of-the-art
currently
available
non-invasive,
non-pharmacological-related
interventions
in
acute
ischemic
stroke,
we
accomplished
this
synthetic
systematic
literature
review
based
Preferred
Reporting
Items
Systematic
Principles
Reviews
Meta-Analyses
(PRISMA).The
initial
number
obtained
articles
was
313.
After
fulfilling
five
steps
filtering/selection
methodology,
54
fully
eligible
papers
were
selected
review.
enhanced
our
documentation
with
other
bibliographic
resources
connected
subject,
identified
within
non-standardized
search,
fill
knowledge
gaps.
Fifteen
trials
also
identified.Non-invasive,
non-pharmacological
therapeutic/rehabilitative
mainly
holistic
therapies.
Therefore,
most
them
not
yet
routinely
used
practice,
despite
some
possible
beneficial
effects,
have
be
supplementarily
proven
more
related
studies.
Moreover,
few
already
completed
do
final
results.This
synthesizes
findings
interventions,
described
non-invasive
non-pharmacological.
Stroke,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
54(10), P. 2629 - 2639
Published: Aug. 10, 2023
Small
extracellular
vesicles
(sEVs)
derived
from
M2
microglia
(M2-microglia-derived
small
[M2-sEVs])
contribute
to
central
nervous
system
repair,
although
the
underlying
mechanism
remains
unknown.
In
this
study,
we
aimed
identify
through
which
microRNA-124
(miR-124)
carried
in
sEVs
promotes
neural
stem
cell
(NSC)
proliferation
and
neuronal
differentiation
ischemic
mouse
brain.M2-sEVs
with
or
without
miR-124
knockdown
were
injected
intravenously
for
7
consecutive
days
after
transient
middle
cerebral
artery
occlusion
surgery.
The
atrophy
volume,
neurological
score,
degree
of
neurogenesis
examined
at
different
time
points
attack.
NSCs
treated
subjected
proteomic
analysis.
Target
protein
concentrations
quantified,
subsequent
bioinformatic
analysis
was
conducted
explore
key
signaling
pathways.M2-sEV
transplantation
promoted
functional
recovery
following
injury.
M2-sEV
treatment
decreased
brain
mortality
rate.
effect
reserved
by
M2-sEVs.
M2-sEVs
mature
vivo.
Proteomic
NSC
samples
revealed
that
AAK1
(adaptor-associated
kinase
1)
responding
NSCs.
binding
Notch
into
neurons
rather
than
astrocytes.Our
data
suggest
AAK1/Notch
is
pathway
responds
within
brain.
carrying
ample
quantities
promote
stroke
enhancing
differentiation.
Targeting
could
represent
a
potential
therapeutic
strategy
recovery.
Cardiovascular Diabetology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
23(1)
Published: Feb. 29, 2024
Abstract
Type-2
diabetes
(T2D)
worsens
stroke
recovery,
amplifying
post-stroke
disabilities.
Currently,
there
are
no
therapies
targeting
this
important
clinical
problem.
Sodium-glucose
cotransporter
2
inhibitors
(SGLT2i)
potent
anti-diabetic
drugs
that
also
efficiently
reduce
cardiovascular
death
and
heart
failure.
In
addition,
SGLT2i
facilitate
several
processes
implicated
in
recovery.
However,
the
potential
efficacy
of
to
improve
recovery
T2D
has
not
been
investigated.
Therefore,
we
determined
whether
a
intervention
with
Empagliflozin
could
mice.
was
induced
C57BL6J
mice
by
8
months
high-fat
diet
feeding.
Hereafter,
animals
were
subjected
transient
middle
cerebral
artery
occlusion
treated
vehicle
or
SGLTi
(10
mg/kg/day)
starting
from
3
days
after
stroke.
A
similar
study
non
diabetic
conducted.
Stroke
assessed
using
forepaw
grip
strength
test.
To
identify
mechanisms
involved
Empagliflozin-mediated
effects,
metabolic
parameters
assessed.
Additionally,
neuronal
survival,
neuroinflammation,
neurogenesis
vascularization
analyzed
immunohistochemistry/quantitative
microscopy.
significantly
improved
but
non-diabetic
Improvement
functional
associated
lowered
glycemia,
increased
serum
levels
fibroblast
growth
factor-21
(FGF-21),
normalization
T2D-induced
aberration
parenchymal
pericyte
density.
The
global
T2D-epidemic
fact
is
major
risk
factor
for
drastically
increasing
number
people
need
efficacious
Our
data
provide
strong
incentive
use
treatment
sequelae
T2D.
Molecular Psychiatry,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: July 2, 2024
Abstract
The
concept
of
cognitive
reserve
was
born
to
account
for
the
disjunction
between
objective
extent
brain
damage
in
pathology
and
its
clinical
intellectual
outcome.
comprises
structural
(brain
reserve)
functional
maintenance,
resilience,
compensation)
aspects
nervous
tissue
reflecting
exposome-driven
life-long
plasticity,
which
defines
ability
withstand
aging
pathology.
mechanistic
background
this
primarily
focused
on
adaptive
changes
neurones
neuronal
networks.
We
present
arguments
favoring
more
inclusive
view,
positing
that
neuroglia
are
fundamental
defining
through
homeostatic,
neuroprotective,
neurodegenerative
mechanisms.
Neuroglia
critical
shaping
synaptically
connected
circuits
as
well
connectome
thus
reserve.
Neuroglial
homeostatic
protective
physiological
responses
define
maintenance
while
regenerative
capabilities
compensation
Targeting
may
represent
an
untrodden
path
prolonging
longevity.
Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
9
Published: March 23, 2021
The
substantial
clinical
burden
and
disability
after
stroke
injury
urges
the
need
to
explore
therapeutic
solutions.
Recent
compelling
evidence
supports
that
neurogenesis
persists
in
adult
mammalian
brain
is
amenable
regulation
both
physiological
pathological
situations.
Its
ability
generate
new
neurons
implies
a
potential
contribute
recovery
injury.
However,
post-stroke
neurogenic
response
may
have
different
functional
consequences.
On
one
hand,
capacity
of
newborn
replenish
damaged
tissue
be
limited.
In
addition,
aberrant
forms
been
identified
several
insult
settings.
All
these
data
suggest
at
crossroads
between
neurological
function
injured
central
nervous
system
(CNS).
Given
complexity
CNS
together
with
its
interaction
periphery,
we
ultimately
lack
in-depth
understanding
key
cell
types,
cell-cell
interactions,
molecular
pathways
involved
damage
their
positive
or
otherwise
deleterious
impact.
Here
will
review
on
stroke-induced
repercussions
outcome.
First,
briefly
describe
subventricular
zone
(SVZ)
beside
main
supporting
role
restoration
stroke.
Then,
focus
hippocampal
subgranular
(SGZ)
due
relevance
hippocampus
cognitive
functions;
outline
that,
stroke,
SGZ
adopt
maladaptive
plasticity
further
contributing
development
impairment
dementia.
Finally,
discuss
specific
steps
cascade
might
ameliorate
malfunctioning
chronic
phase.
