Hypothalamic control of energy expenditure and thermogenesis

Experimental & Molecular Medicine, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 54(4), P. 358 - 369

Published: March 17, 2022

Abstract Energy expenditure and energy intake need to be balanced maintain proper homeostasis. homeostasis is tightly regulated by the central nervous system, hypothalamus primary center for regulation of balance. The exerts its effect through both humoral neuronal mechanisms, each hypothalamic area has a distinct role in expenditure. Recent studies have advanced understanding molecular thermogenesis with targeted manipulation techniques mouse genome function. In this review, we elucidate recent progress mechanism how affects basal metabolism, modulates physical activity, adapts environmental temperature food changes.

Language: Английский

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The ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus: watchdog of whole-body glucose homeostasis

Cell & Bioscience, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(1)

Published: May 26, 2022

Abstract The brain, particularly the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMH), has been long known for its involvement in glucose sensing and whole-body homeostasis. However, it is still not fully understood how brain detects responds to changes circulating levels, as well brain-body coordinated control of In this review, we address growing evidence implicating homeostasis, especially contexts hypoglycemia diabetes. addition neurons, emphasize potential roles played by non-neuronal cells, extracellular matrix hypothalamus Further, review ionic mechanisms which glucose-sensing neurons sense fluctuations ambient levels. We also introduce significant implications heterogeneous VMH upon sex difference addressed. Meanwhile, research gaps have identified, necessities further mechanistic studies future.

Language: Английский

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Hypothalamic Estrogen Signaling and Adipose Tissue Metabolism in Energy Homeostasis

Frontiers in Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: June 9, 2022

Obesity has become a global epidemic, and it is major risk factor for other metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes cardiometabolic disease. Accumulating evidence indicates that there sex-specific protection disease susceptibility. For instance, in both clinical experimental studies, males are more likely to develop obesity, insulin resistance, diabetes. In line with this, tend have visceral white adipose tissue (WAT) less brown (BAT) thermogenic activity, leading an increased incidence of disorders. This female-specific fat distribution partially mediated by sex hormone estrogens. Specifically, hypothalamic estrogen signaling plays vital role regulating WAT distribution, beiging, BAT thermogenesis. These regulatory effects on metabolism primarily the activation receptor alpha (ERα) neurons, which interacts hormones adipokines leptin, ghrelin, insulin. review discusses contribution dysfunction obesity preventing diseases particular focus VMH, central regulator energy expenditure glucose homeostasis.

Language: Английский

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The melanocortin action is biased toward protection from weight loss in mice

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: April 17, 2023

Abstract The melanocortin action is well perceived for its ability to regulate body weight bidirectionally with gain of function reducing and loss promoting obesity. However, this notion cannot explain the difficulty in identifying effective therapeutics toward treating general obesity via activation action. Here, we provide evidence that altered only able cause one-directional development. We demonstrate chronic inhibition arcuate neurons expressing proopiomelanocortin (POMC) or paraventricular hypothalamic receptor 4 (MC4R) causes massive these neuronal populations failed reduce weight. Furthermore, through overexpression MC4R, POMC derived peptides had little effect on prevention reversal. These results reveal a bias towards protection neural basis behind well-known, but mechanistically ill-defined, predisposition

Language: Английский

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Interoceptive regulation of skeletal tissue homeostasis and repair

Bone Research, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(1)

Published: Sept. 5, 2023

Abstract Recent studies have determined that the nervous system can sense and respond to signals from skeletal tissue, a process known as interoception, which is crucial for maintaining bone homeostasis. The hypothalamus, located in central (CNS), plays key role processing interoceptive regulating homeostasis through autonomic system, neuropeptide release, neuroendocrine mechanisms. These mechanisms control differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into osteoblasts (OBs), activation osteoclasts (OCs), functional activities cells. Sensory nerves extensively innervate tissues, facilitating transmission CNS. This review provides comprehensive overview current research on generation coordination by CNS maintain their potential pathological conditions. findings expand our understanding intersystem communication biology may implications developing novel therapeutic strategies diseases.

Language: Английский

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Region-specific transcriptomic responses to obesity and diabetes in macaque hypothalamus

Cell Metabolism, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 36(2), P. 438 - 453.e6

Published: Feb. 1, 2024

The hypothalamus plays a crucial role in the progression of obesity and diabetes; however, its structural complexity cellular heterogeneity impede targeted treatments. Here, we profiled single-cell spatial transcriptome obese sporadic type 2 diabetic macaques, revealing primate-specific distributions clusters genes as well region, cell-type-, gene-feature-specific changes. infundibular (INF) paraventricular nuclei (PVN) are most susceptible to metabolic disruption, with PVN being more sensitive diabetes. In INF, results reduced synaptic plasticity energy sensing capability, whereas diabetes involves molecular reprogramming associated impaired tanycytic barriers, activated microglia, neuronal inflammatory response. PVN, metabolism neural activity suppressed macaques. Spatial transcriptomic data reveal microglia's preference for parenchyma over third ventricle Our findings provide comprehensive view changes

Language: Английский

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Hypothalamic inflammation in metabolic disorders and aging

Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 79(1)

Published: Dec. 15, 2021

Language: Английский

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Protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor δ serves as the orexigenic asprosin receptor

Cell Metabolism, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 34(4), P. 549 - 563.e8

Published: March 16, 2022

Language: Английский

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Primary cilia shape hallmarks of health and aging

Trends in Molecular Medicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 29(7), P. 567 - 579

Published: May 1, 2023

Language: Английский

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Neuregulin4 Acts on Hypothalamic ErBb4 to Excite Oxytocin Neurons and Preserve Metabolic Homeostasis

Advanced Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 10(16)

Published: April 14, 2023

Neuregulin 4 (Nrg4) is an adipose tissue-enriched secreted factor that modulates glucose and lipid metabolism. Nrg4 closely associated with obesity preserves diet-induced metabolic disorders. However, the specific mechanisms via which regulates homeostasis remain incompletely understood. Here, this work finds receptor, ErbB4, highly expressed in hypothalamus, phosphorylation of hypothalamic ErbB4 reduced (DIO) mice. Peripheral can act on blood circulation excite neurons paraventricular nucleus hypothalamus (PVN). Central administration recombinant protein (rNrg4) reduces related disorders by influencing energy expenditure intake. Overexpression PVN protects against obesity, whereas its knock down oxytocin (Oxt) neuron accelerates obesity. Furthermore, Nrg4-ErbB4 signaling excites Oxt release, ablation considerably attenuates effect balance. These data suggest a key target Nrg4, partially explains multifaceted roles

Language: Английский

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