Human impacts on global freshwater fish biodiversity

Science, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 371(6531), P. 835 - 838

Published: Feb. 19, 2021

No waters left untouched We are increasingly aware of human impacts on biodiversity across our planet, especially in terrestrial and marine systems. know less about fresh waters, including large rivers. Su et al. looked such systems globally, focusing several key measures fish biodiversity. They found that half all river have been heavily affected by activities, with only very tropical basins receiving the lowest levels change. Fragmentation non-native species also led to homogenization rivers, many now containing similar fewer specialized lineages. Science , this issue p. 835

Language: Английский

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The Impact of Population Growth on Natural Resources and Farmers’ Capacity to Adapt to Climate Change in Low-Income Countries

Earth Systems and Environment, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 5(2), P. 271 - 283

Published: March 16, 2021

Language: Английский

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Lakes in the era of global change: moving beyond single‐lake thinking in maintaining biodiversity and ecosystem services

Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 96(1), P. 89 - 106

Published: Sept. 1, 2020

ABSTRACT The Anthropocene presents formidable threats to freshwater ecosystems. Lakes are especially vulnerable and important at the same time. They cover only a small area worldwide but harbour high levels of biodiversity contribute disproportionately ecosystem services. differ with respect their general type (e.g. land‐locked, drainage, floodplain large lakes) position in landscape highland versus lowland lakes), which dynamics these systems. should be generally viewed as ‘meta‐systems’, whereby is strongly affected by species dispersal, contributed flow matter substances among locations broader waterscape context. Lake connectivity determine degree lake prone invasion non‐native accumulation harmful substances. Highly connected lakes low accumulate nutrients pollutants originating from ecosystems higher landscape. monitoring restoration services consider fact that dynamism present local, regional global scales. However, local may plagued unpredictability ecological phenomena, hindering adaptive management lakes. Although data increasingly becoming available study responses change, we still lack suitable integration models for entire waterscapes. Research across disciplinary boundaries needed address challenges face because they play an role harbouring unique aquatic biota well providing goods future.

Language: Английский

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Scientists’ warning – The outstanding biodiversity of islands is in peril

Global Ecology and Conservation, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 31, P. e01847 - e01847

Published: Sept. 28, 2021

Despite islands contributing only 6.7% of land surface area, they harbor ~20% the Earth’s biodiversity, but unfortunately also ~50% threatened species and 75% known extinctions since European expansion around globe. Due to their geological geographic history characteristics, act simultaneously as cradles evolutionary diversity museums formerly widespread lineages—elements that permit achieve an outstanding endemicity. Nevertheless, majority these endemic are inherently vulnerable due genetic demographic factors linked with way colonized. Here, we stress great variation in physical geography (area, isolation, altitude, latitude) (age, human colonization, density). We provide examples some most rich iconic insular radiations. Next, analyze natural vulnerability biota, a result founder events well typically small population sizes many island species. note that, whereas evolution toward syndromes (including size shifts, derived woodiness, altered dispersal ability, loss defense traits, reduction clutch size) might have improved ability thrive under conditions on islands, it has made biota disproportionately anthropogenic pressures such habitat loss, overexploitation, invasive species, climate change. This led documented extinction at least 800 past 500 years, addition had already gone extinct following arrival first colonists prehistoric times. Finally, summarize current scientific knowledge ongoing biodiversity worldwide express our serious concern trajectory will continue decimate unique irreplaceable heritage world’s islands. conclude drastic actions urgently needed bend curve alarming rates loss.

Language: Английский

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Diversification of Neotropical Freshwater Fishes

Annual Review of Ecology Evolution and Systematics, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 51(1), P. 27 - 53

Published: July 31, 2020

Neotropical freshwater fishes (NFFs) constitute the most diverse continental vertebrate fauna on Earth, with more than 6,200 named species compressed into an aquatic footprint <0.5% of total regional land-surface area and representing greatest phenotypic disparity functional diversity any ichthyofauna. Data from fossil record time-calibrated molecular phylogenies indicate that higher taxa (e.g., genera, families) diversified relatively continuously through Cenozoic, across broad geographic ranges South American platform. Biodiversity data for NFF clades support a model radiation rather adaptive radiation, in which speciation occurs mainly allopatry, adaptation are largely decoupled. These radiations occurred under perennial influence river capture sea-level oscillations, episodically fragmented merged portions adjacent networks. The future Anthropocene is uncertain, facing numerous threats at local, regional, scales.

Language: Английский

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Adapting agriculture to climate change via sustainable irrigation: biophysical potentials and feedbacks

Environmental Research Letters, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 17(6), P. 063008 - 063008

Published: May 27, 2022

Abstract Irrigated agriculture accounts for ∼90% of anthropogenic freshwater consumption, is deployed on 22% cultivated land, and provides 40% global food production. Expanding irrigation onto currently underperforming rainfed croplands crucial to meet future demand without further agricultural expansion associated encroachment natural ecosystems. Establishing also a potential climate adaptation solution alleviate heat- water-stress crops reduce variability extremes. Despite being one the land management practices with largest environmental hydroclimatic impacts, role adapt change achieve sustainability goals has just started be quantified. This study reviews biophysical opportunities feedbacks ‘sustainable irrigation’. I describe concept sustainable expansion—where there are increase productivity over water-limited by adopting that do not deplete stocks impair aquatic may avert but create additional externalities often neglected. review highlights major gaps in analysis understanding change. implications (a) security, (b) conditions, (c) water quality, (d) soil salinization, (e) storage infrastructure, (f) energy use. These help explain challenges achieving irrigated thus point toward solutions research needs.

Language: Английский

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Water Resources in Africa under Global Change: Monitoring Surface Waters from Space

Surveys in Geophysics, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 44(1), P. 43 - 93

Published: April 20, 2022

The African continent hosts some of the largest freshwater systems worldwide, characterized by a large distribution and variability surface waters that play key role in water, energy carbon cycles are major importance to global climate water resources. Freshwater availability Africa has now become concern under combined effect change, environmental alterations anthropogenic pressure. However, hydrology river basins remains one least studied worldwide better monitoring understanding hydrological processes across fundamental. Earth Observation, offers cost-effective means for terrestrial cycle, plays supporting investigations. Remote sensing advances therefore game changer develop comprehensive observing monitor Africa's land manage its Here, we review achievements more than three decades using remote study Africa, highlighting current benefits difficulties. We show how number sensors observations, coupled with models, new possibilities scarce gauged stations. In context upcoming satellite missions dedicated hydrology, such as Surface Water Ocean Topography (SWOT), discuss future opportunities use could benefit scientific societal applications, resource management, flood risk prevention environment change.

Language: Английский

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Fishing for fish environmental DNA: Ecological applications, methodological considerations, surveying designs, and ways forward

Molecular Ecology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 31(20), P. 5132 - 5164

Published: Aug. 16, 2022

Abstract Vast global declines of freshwater and marine fish diversity population abundance pose serious threats to both ecosystem sustainability human livelihoods. Environmental DNA (eDNA)‐based biomonitoring provides robust, efficient, cost‐effective assessment species occurrences trends in diverse aquatic environments. Thus, it holds great potential for improving conventional surveillance frameworks facilitate conservation fisheries management. However, the many technical considerations rapid developments underway eDNA arena can overwhelm researchers practitioners new field. Here, we systematically analysed 416 studies summarize research terms investigated targets, aims, study systems, reviewed applications, rationales, methodological considerations, limitations methods with an emphasis on research. We highlighted how technology may advance our knowledge behaviour, distributions, genetics, community structures, ecological interactions. also synthesized current several important concerns, including qualitative quantitative power has recover biodiversity abundance, spatial temporal representations respect its sources. To applications implementing techniques, recent literature was summarized generate guidelines effective sampling lentic, lotic, habitats. Finally, identified gaps limitations, pointed out newly emerging avenues eDNA. As optimization standardization improve, should revolutionize monitoring promote management that transcends geographic boundaries.

Language: Английский

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Threats, challenges and sustainable conservation strategies for freshwater biodiversity

Environmental Research, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 214, P. 113808 - 113808

Published: July 4, 2022

Language: Английский

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Fish and macroinvertebrate assemblages reveal extensive degradation of the world's rivers

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 29(2), P. 355 - 374

Published: Sept. 22, 2022

Rivers suffer from multiple stressors acting simultaneously on their biota, but the consequences are poorly quantified at global scale. We evaluated biological condition of rivers globally, including largest proportion countries Global South published to date. gathered macroinvertebrate- and fish-based assessments 72,275 37,676 sites, respectively, 64 study regions across six continents 45 nations. Because were based differing methods, different systems consolidated into a 3-class system: Good, Impaired, or Severely following common guidelines. The sites in each class by area was calculated region assigned Köppen-Geiger climate type, Human Footprint score (addressing landscape alterations), Development Index (HDI) social welfare), % with good ambient water quality, protected freshwater key biodiversity areas; forest net change rate. found that 50% macroinvertebrate 42% fish Good condition, whereas 21% 29% respectively. poorest conditions occurred Arid Equatorial climates best Snow climates. Impaired associated (Pearson correlation coefficient) higher HDI scores, poorer physico-chemical lower proportions areas. quality increased forested It is essential implement statutory bioassessment programs Asian, African, American countries, continue them Oceania, Europe, North America. There need invest fish, as there less information globally strong indicators degradation. Our highlights increase extent number river catchments, preserve restore natural areas treat wastewater discharges, improve connectivity.

Language: Английский

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