The 2021 World Health Organization Central Nervous System Tumor Classification: The Spectrum of Diffuse Gliomas

Biomedicines, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(6), P. 1349 - 1349

Published: June 18, 2024

The 2021 edition of the World Health Organization (WHO) classification central nervous system tumors introduces significant revisions across various tumor types. These updates, encompassing changes in diagnostic techniques, genomic integration, terminology, and grading, are crucial for radiologists, who play a critical role interpreting brain imaging. Such impact diagnosis management nearly all categories, including reclassification, addition, removal specific entities. Given their pivotal patient care, radiologists must remain conversant with these to effectively contribute multidisciplinary boards collaborate peers neuro-oncology, neurosurgery, radiation oncology, neuropathology. This knowledge is essential not only accurate staging, but also understanding molecular genetic underpinnings tumors, which can influence treatment decisions prognostication. review, therefore, focuses on most pertinent updates concerning adult diffuse gliomas, highlighting aspects relevant radiological practice. Emphasis placed implications new information behavior imaging findings, providing necessary tools stay abreast advancements field. comprehensive overview aims enhance radiologist’s ability integrate WHO criteria into everyday practice, ultimately improving outcomes through informed precise assessments.

Language: Английский

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Multifocal and multicentric glioblastoma: Imaging signature, molecular characterization, patterns of spread, and treatment

The Neuroradiology Journal, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Aug. 10, 2023

Multifocal and multicentric glioblastoma (GBM) or collectively, m-GBM, is an imaging diagnosis present in up to 34% of patients with GBM. Compared unifocal disease, m-GBM have worse outcomes owing the enhanced aggressive nature disease its resistance currently available treatments. To improve understanding complex behavior, many associations been established between radiologic findings gross histology, genetic composition, patterns spread. Additionally, holistic knowledge exact mechanisms genesis progression crucial for identifying potential targets permitting treatment. In this review, we aim provide a comprehensive summary cumulative unique molecular biology behavior association these features neuroimaging.

Language: Английский

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Case Report: Brain tumor’s pitfalls: two cases of high-grade brain tumors mimicking autoimmune encephalitis with positive onconeuronal antibodies

Frontiers in Oncology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: Aug. 24, 2023

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary brain tumor in adulthood. Initial diagnosis generally based on clinical and MRI findings, which may be misinterpreted as other neurological pictures, including autoimmune encephalitis (AE). AE a heterogeneous group of neuroinflammatory diseases due to presence auto-antibodies targeting antigens neuronal synaptic or cell surface. In present report, we describe two peculiar cases GBM initially misdiagnosed AE, focusing diagnostic pitfalls treatment strategies.We report case patients with high-grade tumors, treated for AE. Clinical, laboratory, neuroradiological data are discussed terms differential between GBM.The atypical findings unresponsiveness immunosuppressive major red flags GBM. these cases, biopsy necessary confirm diagnosis.Atypical presentation causes therapeutic delay. A positive onconeural autoantibodies result should always interpreted cautiously, considering possibility false-positive test. mandatory definite diagnosis.

Language: Английский

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Association between Fat-Soluble Vitamin Metabolic Process and Glioma Progression

Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 47(10), P. 1682 - 1689

Published: Oct. 21, 2024

Although multimodality therapy has recently advanced, patients with glioblastoma, one of the most aggressive and deadly types central nervous system cancer, have a very poor prognosis rare long-term survival. Vitamins are essential organic nutrients that play pivotal role in maintaining homeostasis, various studies demonstrated implication vitamins pathophysiology gliomas. Herein, we aimed to investigate association vitamin metabolic pathway corresponding candidate genes for malignancy, aggressiveness, gliomas using The Cancer Genome Atlas database We fat-soluble processes prominently associated glioma grade, molecular biomarkers, subtypes, clinical outcomes. Moreover, identified key related differentially expressed gene analysis. Among them, expression K epoxide reductase complex subunit 1 (VKORC1), encoding VKOR K-dependent γ-carboxylation target proteins, was not only but also representative signal pathways pathogenesis. inactivation Vkorc1 by RNA interference decreased proliferation migration potential cells vitro. Collectively, these findings reveal gliomas, thereby identifying drug development treatment malignant

Language: Английский

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Upstaging and Downstaging in Gliomas—Clinical Implications for the Fifth Edition of the World Health Organization Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System

Diagnostics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(2), P. 197 - 197

Published: Jan. 5, 2023

In 2021, the 5th edition of WHO Classification Tumors Central Nervous System (WHO-CNS5) was published as sixth volume international standard for brain and spinal cord tumor classification. The most remarkable practical change in current classification involves grading gliomas according to molecular characterization. IDH mutant (10%) wild-type tumors (90%) are two different entities that possess unique biological features various clinical outcomes regarding treatment response overall survival. This article presents comparative cases highlight importance these new standards. first case aimed provide a comprehensive argument determining status initially appearing low-grade astrocytoma upon histologic examination, thus underlining WHO-CNS5. second showed implications overdiagnosis glioblastoma using previous system with span 7 years proceeded through full-dose re-irradiation up metronomic therapy. WHO-CNS5 significantly impacted complex neurooncological cases, changing initial approach more precise therapeutic management.

Language: Английский

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