A New Nomenclature for the Very Low-Calorie Ketogenic Diet (VLCKD): Very Low-Energy Ketogenic Therapy (VLEKT). Ketodiets and Nutraceuticals Expert Panels: “KetoNut”, Italian Society of Nutraceuticals (SINut) and the Italian Association of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition (ADI)

Current Nutrition Reports, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(3), P. 552 - 556

Published: July 23, 2024

Abstract Purpose of Review In an attempt to clarify the most appropriate nomenclature for very low-calorie ketogenic diets (VLCKD), we propose change and acronym this medical nutrition therapy. The new definition proposed by "KetoNut" panel experts Italian Society Nutraceuticals (SINut) Association Dietetics Clinical Nutrition (ADI) is Very Low-Energy Ketogenic Therapy (VLEKT). Recent Findings last few years, different authors have focused on issue confusion in diets. detail, been differentiated VLCKD that provides < 800 kcal per day, which intended weight loss treatment obesity, a eucaloric diet, contains more calories from fat (predominantly unsaturated) with specific ratios, allow growth children while helping, at same time, establish epileptic seizure control. Summary recent attracted great interest their efficacy epilepsy other neurological diseases but also patients overweight obesity-related metabolic disorders. Nevertheless, although are dietary intervention designed induce nutritional ketosis, macronutrients’ composition called name. may result significant bias mistakes interpretation current scientific evidence. Graphical

Language: Английский

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Nutritional Strategies for Battling Obesity-Linked Liver Disease: the Role of Medical Nutritional Therapy in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD) Management

Current Obesity Reports, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: Jan. 11, 2025

This narrative review explores the role of Medical Nutritional Therapy (MNT) in managing Metabolic-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD), previously known as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. It aims to examine effectiveness specific nutritional strategies preventing and treating this obesity-linked Emerging evidence underscores benefits Mediterranean diet, low-carbohydrate diets, intermittent fasting reducing fat, improving insulin sensitivity, mitigating inflammation. Supplementing with vitamin E, omega-3 acids, silymarin can potentially reduce fibrosis promote health. MNT is a key intervention for MASLD management, emphasizing dietary patterns, caloric restriction, nutraceutical supplementation. Integrating these lifestyle modifications, including regular physical activity, offers comprehensive approach metabolic outcomes patients MASLD. Further research needed refine personalize therapeutic interventions.

Language: Английский

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Long-Term Efficacy and Safety of Nutritional and Pharmacological Strategies for Obesity

Current Obesity Reports, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: Jan. 3, 2025

Language: Английский

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Efficacy and Safety of Phase 1 of Very Low Energy Ketogenic Therapy (VLEKT) in Subjects with Obesity and Mild Renal Impairment

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(4), P. 721 - 721

Published: Feb. 18, 2025

Background: Obesity impairs renal function through direct mechanisms, such as proinflammatory adipocytokine production, and indirect including obesity-related comorbidities. Despite the increasing prevalence of obesity chronic kidney disease (CKD), clinical guidelines for their combined management remain lacking. Very Low Energy Ketogenic Therapy (VLEKT) has demonstrated efficacy in weight loss, but evidence on its safety individuals with mild impairment is limited. This study aimed to assess Phase 1 VLEKT impairment. Methods: cross-sectional included 73 overweight or (mean age 53.7 ± 8.8 years; BMI 35.3 4.2 kg/m2) an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) at least 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 (evaluated using CKD-EPI equation). Anthropometric (weight, BMI, waist circumference) biochemical parameters (fasting plasma glucose, insulin, cholesterol profile, triglycerides, AST, ALT, urea) were collected baseline after 45 (±2) days VLEKT. Results: At baseline, 54.8% participants had eGFR <90 m2, while 45.2% ≥ 90 no significant differences sex distribution. After VLEKT, both groups showed reductions (p < 0.001), circumference fasting glucose ≤ 0.004), insulin HOMA-IR total LDL LDL/HDL ratio 0.002), triglycerides 0.009), AST 0.034), ALT 0.009). Notably, significantly increased changes observed those m2. Conclusions: could effectively promote loss metabolic improvements without compromising function, even Further research warranted confirm outcomes across all protocol phases.

Language: Английский

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Gender Differences in Liver Steatosis and Fibrosis in Overweight and Obese Patients with Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease before and after 8 Weeks of Very Low-Calorie Ketogenic Diet

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(10), P. 1408 - 1408

Published: May 8, 2024

Obesity and metabolic syndrome are linked to steatotic liver disease (SLD), the most common form of chronic disease. Lifestyle modifications dieting strategies that can prevent dysfunction-associated (MASLD). The very low-calorie ketogenic diet (VLCKD) is a helpful treatment for MASLD has been recommended people affected by obesity; we evaluated effect gender on steatosis fibrosis in cohort 112 overweight or obese patients undergoing an eight-week with VLCKD. Differences between genders terms anthropometric measures, body composition, indicators were examined before, during, after nutritional intervention. At baseline, there significant differences men women parameters, blood pressure, Homeostatic Model Assessment Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR), fasting insulin, hepatic markers, lipid profile. Men had considerably higher levels (measured CAP) stiffness E) under basal conditions than women. After VLCKD, reductions both controlled attenuation parameter (CAP), weight, mass index (BMI), waist circumference, systolic diastolic insulin resistance, fat (FM), free (FFM), glucose, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), triglycerides, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) alanine transaminase (ALT), gamma-glutamyl transferase (γGT), uric acid levels. Only men, stiffness, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatinine, C-reactive protein (CRP) significantly decreased. Moreover, greater steatosis: male featured increase 23.96 points Fibroscan CAP. exhibited women, these persist despite These gender-specific variations could be caused hormonal factors, suggesting different therapeutic might required depending gender.

Language: Английский

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Obesity and Obesity-Related Thyroid Dysfunction: Any Potential Role for the Very Low-Calorie Ketogenic Diet (VLCKD)?

Current Nutrition Reports, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(2), P. 194 - 213

Published: March 25, 2024

Abstract Purpose of Review This review aims to explore in-depth the different aspects association between very low-calorie ketogenic diet (VLCKD), obesity and obesity-related thyroid dysfunction. Recent Findings The VLCKD, proposed as a non-pharmacological strategy for management certain chronic diseases, is becoming increasingly popular worldwide. Initially used treat epilepsy, it has been shown be effective in controlling body weight gain addressing various pathophysiological conditions. Research that low-calorie, high-fat can affect hormone levels. Weight loss also influence Studies have suggested long-term use VLCKD refractory epilepsy may related development hypothyroidism, with an effect seen populations. In particular, women following tend reduced T3 Summary We propose further research unravel underlying mechanisms linking

Language: Английский

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Impact of Ketogenic and Mediterranean Diets on Gut Microbiota Profile and Clinical Outcomes in Drug-Naïve Patients with Diabesity: A 12-Month Pilot Study

Metabolites, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(1), P. 22 - 22

Published: Jan. 6, 2025

Background/Objectives: Managing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity requires a multidimensional, patient-centered approach including nutritional interventions (NIs) physical activity. Changes in the gut microbiota (GM) have been linked to metabolic alterations typical of T2DM obesity, they are strongly influenced by diet. However, few studies evaluated effects on GM very-low-calorie ketogenic diet (VLCKD) patients with T2DM, especially mid-term long-term. This longitudinal study is aimed at evaluating long-term impact VLCKD Mediterranean (MD) anthropometric, metabolic, lifestyle parameters 11 (diabesity). extends previously published results short-term (three months) these NIs same patients. Methods: At baseline, were randomly assigned either (KETO group) or (MEDI group). After two months, KETO group gradually shifted (VLCKD-MD), according current guidelines. From fourth month until end both groups followed similar MD. Previous showed that had more beneficial than MD several variables for 3 months NI. In this study, analyses extended six (T6) twelve (T12) NI comparing data prospectively against baseline (T0). The analysis was performed through next-generation sequencing. Results: Improvements anthropometric pronounced T6, particularly body mass index (−5.8 vs. −1.7 kg/m2; p = 0.006) waist circumference (−15.9 −5.2 cm; 0.011). significant improvement HbA1c (6.7% 5.5% 0.02) triglyceride (158 95 mg/dL 0.04) values compared T0 observed only group, which maintained achieved T3. VLCKD-MD phenotype. A substantial positive modulatory effect up sixth due progressive increase bacterial markers human health. month, most health decreased, though still increased baseline. Among them, Verrucomicrobiota phylum identified as main biomarker together its members Verrucomicrobiae, Akkermansiaceae, Verrucomicrobiales, Akkermansia T6 Conclusions: Both dietary approaches ameliorated status, but VLCKD, support MD, has shown greater improvements parameters, well profile,

Language: Английский

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Supplementation with essential amino acids in the early stage of carbohydrate reintroduction after a very-low energy ketogenic therapy (VLEKT) improves body cell mass, muscle strength and inflammation

Journal of Translational Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 23(1)

Published: Jan. 23, 2025

Although little is yet known about the long-term maintenance of very low-energy ketogenic therapy (VLEKT) effects on body composition, muscle strength and inflammation, it plausible to assume that changes may occur, particularly during steps following step, due loss protective ketones concomitant reintroduction carbohydrates. For this reason, present study aimed evaluate supplementation with 8 g per day essential amino acids (EAAs) these parameters. A total 68 women reproductive age grade I obesity who had completed 45 days phase VLEKT (KeNuT protocol) 40 non-ketogenic KeNuT protocol (phase 3, fruit reintroduction) were included in study. Half them (n = 34) followed first step re-educational EAAs (Aminotrofic®: 4 twice daily). Anthropometric parameters, composition via bioelectrical impedance analysis high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels assessed at baseline, pre- post both dietary interventions. At end (before EAA supplementation), two groups did not differ any parameters assessed. phase, supplemented group showed greater magnitudes reduction weight, waist circumference, fat mass (FM) hs-CRP (p < 0.001 for all) increase 0.001), angle cell (BCM) (%) 0.001). These results underline usefulness transitional improve (specifically FM BCM), strength, inflammatory status.

Language: Английский

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Very Low Energy Ketogenic Therapy (VLEKT), Not Only a Price Matter: A Comparison Study on Average Costs of VLEKT with Fresh Foods and Replacement Meals

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(3), P. 422 - 422

Published: Jan. 24, 2025

Background: Obesity is constantly growing worldwide, representing a serious concern also for healthcare costs. Current anti-obesity pharmacological strategies, although effective, represent significant cost the patient. Similarly, very low energy ketogenic therapy (VLEKT) protocols with replacement meals have high Objectives: The objective of this study was to estimate average costs VLEKT protocol compared those isocaloric diets fresh foods. Methods: VLEKTs and foods were developed considering an ideal young woman man grade II obesity (BMI ≥ 35.0 kg/m2). individual extrapolated from official Italian databases. obtained by consulting catalogs three companies specialized in operating Italy. Results: On monthly basis, food had EUR 253.44 295.67, while 434.91 535.99, man, respectively. Conclusions: Although more expensive than common diet, should be seen not only as dietary method losing weight, but non-pharmacological, medicalized nutritional therapy, useful managing various conditions, even directly related obesity. Like drug requires use specific products that entail higher cost, borne patient, whose benefits emphasized, which go beyond weight loss general health, thus them targeted strategy.

Language: Английский

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Very low-calorie ketogenic diet (VLCKD): a therapeutic nutritional tool for acne?

Journal of Translational Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 22(1)

Published: March 31, 2024

Abstract Background Acne, a chronic inflammatory disease impacting the pilosebaceous unit, is influenced significantly by inflammation and oxidative stress, commonly associated with obesity. Similarly, obesity also increased oxidation. The role of diet in acne remains inconclusive, but very low-calorie ketogenic (VLCKD), known for weight loss generating anti-inflammatory ketone bodies, presents promising potential. Despite this, effects VLCKD on remain underexplored. This study aimed to investigate efficacy 45-day active phase reducing clinical severity young women treatment-naïve moderate grade I Methods Thirty-one acne, (BMI 30.03–34.65 kg/m 2 ), aged 18–30 years, meeting inclusion/exclusion criteria, consenting adhere were recruited. Baseline post-intervention assessments included anthropometric measurements, body composition, angle (PhA), trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) levels, reactive oxygen metabolite derivatives (dROMs) as markers inflammation, dysbiosis, respectively. A comprehensive dermatological examination, incorporating Global Acne Grading System (GAGS) Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI), was conducted all women. Results resulted general improvements composition parameters. Significantly, there significant reductions both GAGS score (Δ%: − 31.46 ± 9.53, p < 0.001) DLQI 45.44 24.02, after intervention. These coincided decreases TMAO ( dROMs levels increase PhA + 8.60 7.40, 0.001). Changes positively correlated changes negatively even adjusting Δ% FM. adjustment Conclusion Given side drugs used an increasing need safe, tolerable, low-cost treatments that can be disease. demonstrated notable severity, these seemed attributable antioxidant VLCKD. Graphical

Language: Английский

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