Circular RNAs in tumor immunity and immunotherapy

Molecular Cancer, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 23(1)

Published: Aug. 21, 2024

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are unique noncoding that have a closed and stable loop structure generated through backsplicing. Due to their conservation, stability tissue specificity, circRNAs can potentially be used as diagnostic indicators therapeutic targets for certain tumors. Many studies shown act microRNA (miRNA) sponges, engage in interactions with proteins translation templates regulate gene expression signal transduction, thereby participating the occurrence development of variety malignant Immunotherapy has revolutionized treatment cancer. Early researches indicated involved regulating tumor immune microenvironment antitumor immunity. CircRNAs may potential important increasing sensitivity immunotherapy expanding population patients who benefit from cancer immunotherapy. However, few investigated correlation between In this review, we summarize current on regulation different mechanisms value efficacy goal providing new

Language: Английский

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Advanced approaches of the use of circRNAs as a replacement for cancer therapy

Non-coding RNA Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 9(3), P. 811 - 830

Published: March 30, 2024

Cancer is a broad name for group of diseases in which abnormal cells grow out control and are characterized by their complexity recurrence. Although there has been progress cancer therapy with the entry precision medicine immunotherapy, incidence rates have increased globally. Non-coding RNAs form circular (circRNAs) play crucial roles pathogenesis, clinical diagnosis, different diseases, including cancer. According to recent studies, circRNAs appear serve as accurate indicators therapeutic targets treatment. However, promising candidates cutting-edge because distinctive structure, stability, wide range capabilities; many challenges persist that decrease applications circRNA-based therapeutics. Here, we explore replacement therapy, highlight main facing therapies, discuss key strategies overcome these improve advanced innovative therapies based on long-term health effects.

Language: Английский

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Synthetic circRNA therapeutics: innovations, strategies, and future horizons

MedComm, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 5(11)

Published: Nov. 1, 2024

Abstract Small molecule drugs are increasingly emerging as innovative and effective treatments for various diseases, with mRNA therapeutics being a notable representative. The success of COVID‐19 vaccines has underscored the transformative potential in RNA therapeutics. Within family, there is another unique type known circRNA. This single‐stranded closed‐loop offers advantages over mRNA, including enhanced stability prolonged protein expression, which may significantly impact therapeutic strategies. Furthermore, circRNA plays pivotal role pathogenesis such cancers, autoimmune disorders, cardiovascular making it promising clinical intervention target. Despite these benefits, application settings remains underexplored. review provides comprehensive overview current state synthetic therapeutics, focusing on its synthesis, optimization, delivery, diverse applications. It also addresses challenges impeding advancement from bench to bedside. By summarizing aspects, aims equip researchers insights into ongoing developments future directions Highlighting both progress existing gaps research, this valuable perspectives advancing field guiding investigations.

Language: Английский

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Circular RNAs in cancer: roles, mechanisms, and therapeutic potential across colorectal, gastric, liver, and lung carcinomas

Discover Oncology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16(1)

Published: Jan. 4, 2025

The prominence of circular RNAs (circRNAs) has surged in cancer research due to their distinctive properties and impact on development. This review delves into the role circRNAs four key types: colorectal (CRC), gastric (GC), liver (HCC), lung (LUAD). focus lies potential as biomarkers drug targets. Our study analyses reported mentioned malignancies, examining nature, functions, targets, origins, contributions tumor enhancers or suppressors. approach involved assessing full-text reports PMC, utilizing keywords such "CircRNA" "Cancer types," coupled with bioinformatics, experimental assays, clinical investigations. Exclusions encompassed non-English publications, conference abstracts, letters, expert opinions. findings unveil 577 identified across these 124 CRC, 177 GC, 93 HCC, 183 LUAD. Mechanistic insights how modulate gene expression are explored, particularly interactions microRNAs RNA-binding proteins. Dysregulation various cancers diagnostic prognostic indicators synthesized. exploration extends targeting a novel therapy strategy, either through inhibiting oncogenic reinstating tumor-suppressive ones. article discusses challenges prospects harnessing for diagnostics therapies. These comprehensive hold promise advancing fostering development innovative therapies diagnostics.

Language: Английский

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Primary Cilia Formation Mediated by Hsa_Circ_0005185/OTUB1/RAB8A Complex Inhibits Prostate Cancer Progression by Suppressing Hedgehog Signaling Pathway

Advanced Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 9, 2025

Abstract Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common malignancies for male individuals globally. Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) initially demonstrated significant efficacy in treating PCa; however, cases PCa eventually progress to castration‐resistant prostate (CRPC), which becomes increasingly challenging manage. Notably, loss or disruption primary cilia cells may play a critical role progression disease, and there are no reports on circular RNAs ciliogenesis. Thus, this warrants further investigation.In study, key linked progression, enzalutamide resistance identified. Specifically, it found that hsa_circ_0005185 interacts with OTUB1 RAB8A, serving as molecular scaffold. Hsa_circ_0005185 mediates binding deubiquitinase resulting deubiquitination RAB8A. Consequently, stable expression RAB8A promotes regeneration enhances production GLI3R, an inhibitory factor Hedgehog signaling pathway, thereby suppressing AR activity slowing CRPC.

Language: Английский

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mRNA‐laden lipid nanoparticle‐enabled humanized CD19 CAR‐T‐cell engineering for the eradication of leukaemic cells

British Journal of Haematology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 206(2), P. 628 - 643

Published: Jan. 6, 2025

Summary Chimeric antigen receptor T‐cell (CAR‐T) therapy has shown transformative potential in treating malignant tumours, with increasing global approval of CAR‐T products. However, high‐production costs and risks associated viral vector‐based cells—such as insertional mutagenesis secondary tumour formation—remain challenges. Our study introduces an innovative engineering approach using mRNA delivered via lipid nanoparticles (LNPs), aiming to reduce enhance safety while maintaining strong anti‐tumour efficacy. We developed LNP‐based transfection protocol for efficient delivery encoding full‐human CAR constructs, achieving high expression significant cytotoxicity against leukaemic cells vitro. Co‐culture Raji showed increased cytokine secretion cell killing by mRNA‐LNP cells. Therapeutic efficacy was further demonstrated NOD‐scid‐IL2Rγnull (NSG) mouse model engraftment, where treated mice exhibited marked regression extended survival. These findings underscore the mRNA‐LNPs a non‐viral, effective platform, offering promising alternative traditional methods that could improve safety, accessibility clinical cancer immunotherapy.

Language: Английский

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Circular RNAs in cancer

MedComm, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 6(2)

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

Abstract Circular RNA (circRNA), a subtype of noncoding RNA, has emerged as significant focus in research due to its distinctive covalently closed loop structure. CircRNAs play pivotal roles diverse physiological and pathological processes, functioning through mechanisms such miRNAs or proteins sponging, regulation splicing gene expression, serving translation templates, particularly the context various cancers. The hallmarks cancer comprise functional capabilities acquired during carcinogenesis tumor progression, providing conceptual framework that elucidates nature malignant transformation. Although numerous studies have elucidated role circRNAs cancers, their functions development chemoradiotherapy resistance remain unexplored clinical applications circRNA‐based translational therapeutics are still infancy. This review provides comprehensive overview circRNAs, covering biogenesis, unique characteristics, functions, turnover mechanisms. We also summarize involvement relevance biomarkers therapeutic targets, especially thyroid (TC). Considering potential fascination therapeutics, “Ying‐Yang” dynamic regulations TC warrant vastly dedicated investigations.

Language: Английский

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Recent advances in nano- and micro-scale carrier systems for controlled delivery of vaccines

Biomaterials, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 303, P. 122345 - 122345

Published: Oct. 16, 2023

Language: Английский

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Messenger RNA chromatographic purification: advances and challenges

Journal of Chromatography A, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 1707, P. 464321 - 464321

Published: Aug. 21, 2023

Language: Английский

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Potential therapeutic strategy for cancer: Multi-dimensional cross-talk between circRNAs and parental genes

Cancer Letters, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 588, P. 216794 - 216794

Published: March 6, 2024

Language: Английский

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