The Case for the Entourage Effect and Conventional Breeding of Clinical Cannabis: No “Strain,” No Gain

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 9

Published: Jan. 9, 2019

The topic of Cannabis curries controversy in every sphere influence: politics, pharmacology, applied therapeutics or even botanical taxonomy. Debate as to the speciation Cannabis, a lack thereof, has swirled for more than 250 years. Because all types are eminently capable cross-breeding produce fertile progeny, it is unlikely that any clear winner will emerge between "lumpers" vs. "splitters" this taxonomical debate. This compounded by profusion varieties available through black market and developing legal market. While labeled "strains" common parlance, term acceptable with respect bacteria viruses, but not among Plantae. Given such factors plant height leaflet width do distinguish one from another similar difficulties defining terms only reasonable solution characterize them their biochemical/pharmacological characteristics. Thus, best refer chemical varieties, "chemovars." current wave excitement commerce translated into flurry research on alternative sources, particularly yeasts, complex systems laboratory production have emerged, these presuppose single compounds desirable goal. Rather, case synergy via "entourage effect" currently sufficiently strong suggest molecule match therapeutic industrial potential itself phytochemical factory. astounding plasticity genome additionally obviates need genetic modification techniques.

Language: Английский

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Secondary Metabolites Profiled in Cannabis Inflorescences, Leaves, Stem Barks, and Roots for Medicinal Purposes

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 10(1)

Published: Feb. 24, 2020

Abstract Cannabis research has historically focused on the most prevalent cannabinoids. However, extracts with a broad spectrum of secondary metabolites may have increased efficacy and decreased adverse effects compared to cannabinoids in isolation. Cannabis’s complexity contributes length breadth its historical usage, including individual application leaves, stem barks, roots, for which modern not fully developed therapeutic potential. This study is first attempt profile groups plant parts comprehensively. We profiled 14 cannabinoids, 47 terpenoids (29 monoterpenoids, 15 sesquiterpenoids, 3 triterpenoids), sterols, 7 flavonoids cannabis flowers, roots three chemovars available. inflorescence was characterized by (15.77–20.37%), (1.28–2.14%), (0.07–0.14%); leaf (1.10–2.10%), (0.13–0.28%), (0.34–0.44%); barks sterols (0.07–0.08%) triterpenoids (0.05–0.15%); (0.06–0.09%) (0.13–0.24%). comprehensive bioactive compounds can form baseline reference values useful clinical studies understand “entourage effect” as whole, also rediscover potential each part from their traditional use applying scientific methodologies.

Language: Английский

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Medical Use of Cannabinoids

Drugs, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 78(16), P. 1665 - 1703

Published: Oct. 29, 2018

Language: Английский

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Terpenes in Cannabis sativa – From plant genome to humans

Plant Science, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 284, P. 67 - 72

Published: April 4, 2019

Cannabis sativa (cannabis) produces a resin that is valued for its psychoactive and medicinal properties. Despite being the foundation of multi-billion dollar global industry, scientific knowledge research on cannabis lagging behind compared to other high-value crops. This largely due legal restrictions have prevented many researchers from studying cannabis, products, their effects in humans. contains hundreds different terpene cannabinoid metabolites. Many these metabolites not been conclusively identified. Our understanding genomic biosynthetic systems factors affect variability, rudimentary. As consequence, there concern about lack consistency with regard composition 'strains'. Likewise, claims some properties attributed would benefit thorough validation.

Language: Английский

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Medicinal cannabis for psychiatric disorders: a clinically-focused systematic review

BMC Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 20(1)

Published: Jan. 16, 2020

Medicinal cannabis has received increased research attention over recent years due to loosening global regulatory changes. been reported have potential efficacy in reducing pain, muscle spasticity, chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, intractable childhood epilepsy. Yet its application the field of psychiatry is lesser known.The first clinically-focused systematic review on emerging medical across all major psychiatric disorders was conducted. Current evidence regarding whole plant formulations plant-derived cannabinoid isolates mood, anxiety, sleep, psychotic deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) discussed; while also detailing clinical prescription considerations (including pharmacogenomics), occupational public health elements, future recommendations. The literature conducted during 2019, assessing data from case studies trials involving medicinal or for (neurological conditions pain were omitted).The present therapeutics nascent, thereby it currently premature recommend cannabinoid-based interventions. Isolated positive have, however, revealed tentative support cannabinoids (namely cannabidiol; CBD) social anxiety; with mixed (mainly positive) adjunctive use schizophrenia. Case suggest that may be beneficial improving sleep post-traumatic stress disorder, however weak. Preliminary findings indicate no benefit depression high delta-9 tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) therapeutics, CBD mania. One isolated study indicates some an oral cannabinoid/terpene combination ADHD. Clinical prescriptive consideration involves caution high-THC (avoidance youth, people anxiety disorders), gradual titration, regular assessment, cardiovascular respiratory disorders, pregnancy breast-feeding.There encouraging, albeit embryonic, treatment a range disorders. Supportive are key isolates, clinicians need mindful safety considerations, especially if initiating higher dose THC formulas.

Language: Английский

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Anti-Cancer Potential of Cannabinoids, Terpenes, and Flavonoids Present in Cannabis

Cancers, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 12(7), P. 1985 - 1985

Published: July 21, 2020

In recent years, and even more since its legalization in several jurisdictions, cannabis the endocannabinoid system have received an increasing amount of interest related to their potential exploitation clinical settings. Cannabinoids been suggested shown be effective treatment various conditions. cancer, is altered numerous types tumours can relate cancer prognosis disease outcome. Additionally, cannabinoids display anticancer effects models by suppressing proliferation, migration and/or invasion cells, as well tumour angiogenesis. However, therapeutic use currently limited symptoms pain associated with chemotherapy, while cytotoxic drugs chemotherapy still requires validation patients. Along cannabinoids, contains other compounds that also exert anti-tumorigenic actions. The anti-cancer terpenes flavonoids, present cannabis, are explored this literature review.

Language: Английский

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The Neurotherapeutic Arsenal in Cannabis sativa: Insights into Anti-Neuroinflammatory and Neuroprotective Activity and Potential Entourage Effects

Molecules, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 29(2), P. 410 - 410

Published: Jan. 15, 2024

Cannabis, renowned for its historical medicinal use, harbours various bioactive compounds—cannabinoids, terpenes, and flavonoids. While major cannabinoids like delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) cannabidiol (CBD) have received extensive scrutiny their pharmacological properties, emerging evidence underscores the collaborative interactions among these constituents, suggesting a collective therapeutic potential. This comprehensive review explores intricate relationships synergies between cannabinoids, flavonoids in cannabis. Cannabinoids, pivotal cannabis’s bioactivity, exhibit well-documented analgesic, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective effects. Terpenes, aromatic compounds imbuing distinct flavours, not only contribute to sensory profile but also modulate cannabinoid effects through diverse molecular mechanisms. Flavonoids, another cannabis component, demonstrate antioxidant, particularly relevant neuroinflammation. The entourage hypothesis posits that combined cannabinoid, terpene, flavonoid action yields synergistic or additive effects, surpassing individual compound efficacy. Recognizing nuanced is crucial unravelling complete Tailoring treatments based on holistic composition of strains allows optimization outcomes while minimizing potential side imperative delve into roles flavonoids, offering promising prospects innovative interventions advocating continued research unlock full within realm natural plant-based medicine.

Language: Английский

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Future Aspects for Cannabinoids in Breast Cancer Therapy

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 20(7), P. 1673 - 1673

Published: April 3, 2019

Cannabinoids (CBs) from Cannabis sativa provide relief for tumor-associated symptoms (including nausea, anorexia, and neuropathic pain) in the palliative treatment of cancer patients. Additionally, they may decelerate tumor progression breast Indeed, psychoactive delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), non-psychoactive cannabidiol (CBD) other CBs inhibited disease models. The effects on signaling pathways cells are conferred via G-protein coupled CB-receptors (CB-Rs), CB1-R CB2-R, but also receptors, a receptor-independent way. THC is partial agonist CB2-R; CBD an inverse both. In cancer, expression moderate, CB2-R high, which related to aggressiveness. block cell cycle growth induce apoptosis by inhibiting constitutive active pro-oncogenic pathways, such as extracellular-signal-regulated kinase pathway. They reduce angiogenesis metastasis animal not only against estrogen receptor-positive, estrogen-resistant cells. human epidermal factor receptor 2-positive triple-negative cells, blocking protein B- cyclooxygenase-2 prevents metastasis. Furthermore, selective modulators (SERMs), including tamoxifen, bind CB-Rs; this process contribute inhibitory effect SERMs lacking receptor. summary, already administered patients at advanced stages disease, might be effective earlier progression.

Language: Английский

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Terpenes/Terpenoids in <b><i>Cannabis</i></b>: Are They Important?

Medical Cannabis and Cannabinoids, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 3(1), P. 25 - 60

Published: Aug. 10, 2020

Cannabis sativa plant has not only cannabinoids as crucial compounds but also the other that play important role synergistic and/or entourage compound. Cannabis/hemp materials and essential oils were analyzed with help of gas chromatography/mass spectrometry detector for content terpenes terpenoids. The main terpenes/terpenoids their abundance in samples evaluated. Results this study will be helpful next evaluation these compound mixture importance medical treatment.

Language: Английский

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Terpenoids, Cannabimimetic Ligands, beyond the Cannabis Plant

Molecules, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 25(7), P. 1567 - 1567

Published: March 29, 2020

Medicinal use of

Language: Английский

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