Cannabis sativa L. Bioactive Compounds and Their Protective Role in Oxidative Stress and Inflammation

Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11(4), P. 660 - 660

Published: March 29, 2022

Cannabis (Cannabis sativa L.) plants from the family Cannabidaceae have been used since ancient times, to produce fibers, oil, and for medicinal purposes. Psychoactive delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) nonpsychoactive cannabidiol (CBD) are main pharmacologically active compounds of sativa. These have, a long time, under extensive investigation, their potent antioxidant inflammatory properties reported, although detailed mechanisms actions not fully clarified. CB1 receptors suggested be responsible analgesic effect THC, while CB2 may account its immunomodulatory properties. Unlike CBD has very low affinity both receptors, behaves as negative allosteric modulator. activity, receptor inverse agonist, could important anti-inflammatory In this review, we discuss chemical bioavailability THC CBD, action, role in oxidative stress inflammation.

Language: Английский

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Evolution, genetics and biochemistry of plant cannabinoid synthesis: a challenge for biotechnology in the years ahead

Current Opinion in Biotechnology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 75, P. 102684 - 102684

Published: Jan. 24, 2022

Cannabis sativa is most prominent for its psychoactive secondary compound tetrahydrocannabinol, or THC. However, THC only one of many phytocannabinoids found in this (in)famous medicinal plant. The stepwise legalization countries has opened opportunities and commercial use, sparking scientific interest the genetics biochemistry phytocannabinoid synthesis. Advances plant biology genomics help to accelerate research field, which still lagging behind other comparable high-value crops. Here, we discuss intriguing evolutionary history synthases, also show that an increased understanding developmental morphology are critical importance leverage full potential production.

Language: Английский

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Cannabis: a multifaceted plant with endless potentials

Frontiers in Pharmacology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: June 15, 2023

Cannabis sativa , also known as “hemp” or “weed,” is a versatile plant with various uses in medicine, agriculture, food, and cosmetics. This review attempts to evaluate the available literature on ecology, chemical composition, phytochemistry, pharmacology, traditional uses, industrial toxicology of . So far, 566 compounds have been isolated from including 125 cannabinoids 198 non-cannabinoids. The psychoactive physiologically active part cannabinoid, mostly found flowers, but present smaller amounts leaves, stems, seeds. Of all phytochemicals, terpenes form largest composition plant. Pharmacological evidence reveals that plants contain which exhibit potential antioxidants, antibacterial agents, anticancer anti-inflammatory agents. Furthermore, reported applications food cosmetic industries. Significantly, cultivation has minimal negative impact environment terms cultivation. Most studies focused make-up, pharmacological effects, not much about toxic effects. Overall, enormous for biological well other medicinal uses. However, further research necessary fully understand explore beneficial properties

Language: Английский

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The Neurotherapeutic Arsenal in Cannabis sativa: Insights into Anti-Neuroinflammatory and Neuroprotective Activity and Potential Entourage Effects

Molecules, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 29(2), P. 410 - 410

Published: Jan. 15, 2024

Cannabis, renowned for its historical medicinal use, harbours various bioactive compounds—cannabinoids, terpenes, and flavonoids. While major cannabinoids like delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) cannabidiol (CBD) have received extensive scrutiny their pharmacological properties, emerging evidence underscores the collaborative interactions among these constituents, suggesting a collective therapeutic potential. This comprehensive review explores intricate relationships synergies between cannabinoids, flavonoids in cannabis. Cannabinoids, pivotal cannabis’s bioactivity, exhibit well-documented analgesic, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective effects. Terpenes, aromatic compounds imbuing distinct flavours, not only contribute to sensory profile but also modulate cannabinoid effects through diverse molecular mechanisms. Flavonoids, another cannabis component, demonstrate antioxidant, particularly relevant neuroinflammation. The entourage hypothesis posits that combined cannabinoid, terpene, flavonoid action yields synergistic or additive effects, surpassing individual compound efficacy. Recognizing nuanced is crucial unravelling complete Tailoring treatments based on holistic composition of strains allows optimization outcomes while minimizing potential side imperative delve into roles flavonoids, offering promising prospects innovative interventions advocating continued research unlock full within realm natural plant-based medicine.

Language: Английский

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Enhancing Industrial Hemp (Cannabis sativa) Leaf By-Products: Bioactive Compounds, Anti-Inflammatory Properties, and Potential Health Applications

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(2), P. 548 - 548

Published: Jan. 10, 2025

The sustainable utilization of biomass-derived bioactives addresses the growing demand for natural health products and supports development goals by reducing reliance on synthetic chemicals in healthcare. Cannabis sativa biomass, particular, has emerged as a valuable resource within this context. This study focuses hydroethanolic extract C. leaves (CSE), which exhibited significant levels phenolic compounds contributing to robust antioxidant activity. Evaluation using potassium ferricyanide, ABTS, DPPH methods revealed potent radical scavenging activity comparable Trolox standard. UPLC-MS/MS profiling identified cannabinoids predominant secondary metabolites CSE, with flavonoids also present substantial quantities. investigated anti-inflammatory potential CSE RAW 264.7 macrophages IL-1β-stimulated C-20/A4 immortalized human chondrocytes, demonstrating protective effects without cytotoxic or mutagenic effects. Mechanistically, reduced inflammation inhibiting MAPK NF-κB signaling pathways. In silico approaches showed ability CSE's main bind influence activity, confirming vitro evidence. Incorporating leaf into hyaluronic acid-based formulation biotechnological promise treating joint inflammation. Future research should aim elucidate molecular mechanisms underlying these explore CSE-derived mitigating osteoarthritis progression. approach highlights significance utilizing annually increasing biomass waste bioactivity environmental impact reduction.

Language: Английский

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Cannabidiol as a Therapeutic Target: Evidence of its Neuroprotective and Neuromodulatory Function in Parkinson’s Disease

Frontiers in Pharmacology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: Dec. 15, 2020

The phytocannabinoids of Cannabis sativa L. have, since ancient times, been proposed as a pharmacological alternative for treating various central nervous system (CNS) disorders. Interestingly, cannabinoid receptors (CBRs) are highly expressed in the basal ganglia (BG) circuit both animals and humans. BG subcortical structures that regulate initiation, execution, orientation movement. CBRs dopaminergic transmission nigro-striatal pathway and, thus, also. functioning is affected pathologies related to movement disorders, especially those occurring Parkinson's disease (PD), which produces motor non-motor symptoms involving GABAergic, glutamatergic, neural networks. To date, most effective medication PD levodopa (l-DOPA); however, long-term treatment causes type dyskinesias, l-DOPA-induced dyskinesias (LIDs). With neuromodulation offering novel strategy patients, research has focused on endocannabinoid (ECS), it participates physiological order control have shown inhibit neurotransmitter release, while endocannabinoids (eCBs) play key role synaptic regulation BG. In past decade, cannabidiol (CBD), non-psychotropic phytocannabinoid, compensatory effects ECS neuromodulator neuroprotector models such 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), reserpine, well other models. Although CBD-induced neuroprotection observed animal attributed activation CB1 receptor, recent conducted at molecular level CBD capable activating receptors, CB2 TRPV-1 neurons pathway. These findings open new lines scientific inquiry into communication. Cannabidiol activates PPARγ, GPR55, GPR3, GPR6, GPR12, GPR18 causing variety biochemical, molecular, behavioral due broad range CNS. Given low number alternatives currently available, search molecules with therapeutic potential improve neuronal communication crucial. Therefore, investigation mechanisms involved its function required ascertain whether receptor could be LID.

Language: Английский

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A Review of the Potential Use of Pinene and Linalool as Terpene-Based Medicines for Brain Health: Discovering Novel Therapeutics in the Flavours and Fragrances of Cannabis

Frontiers in Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: Aug. 26, 2021

“Medicinal cannabis” is defined as the use of cannabis-based products for treatment an illness. Investigations cannabis compounds in psychiatric and neurological illnesses primarily focus on major cannabinoids, cannabidiol (CBD) Δ 9 -tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ -THC), which are hypothesised to benefit multiple manifesting cognitive impairment, neurodegeneration neuro-inflammation, well chronic pain, epilepsy post-traumatic stress disorder, respectively. The plant contains >500 compounds, including terpenes responsible flavour fragrance profiles plants. Recently, research has begun providing evidence potential certain plant-derived modern medicine, demonstrating anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective effects these compounds. This review examined two key terpenes, pinene linalool, parameters relevant disorders, highlighting gaps literature recommendations future into terpene therapeutics. Overall, mostly limited preclinical studies well-designed clinical trials lacking. Nevertheless, existing data suggests that linalool candidates further investigation novel medicines illnesses, stroke, ischemia, inflammatory neuropathic pain (including migraine), impairment (relevant Alzheimer's disease ageing), insomnia, anxiety, depression. Linalool influence neurotransmitter, neurotrophic signals behaviour, psycho-activity (albeit non-intoxicating). Optimising phytochemical profile chemovars yield therapeutic levels beneficial such CBD, could present a unique opportunity discover treat illnesses; however, needed.

Language: Английский

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Non-Cannabinoid Metabolites of Cannabis sativa L. with Therapeutic Potential

Plants, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 10(2), P. 400 - 400

Published: Feb. 20, 2021

The cannabis plant (Cannabis sativa L.) produces an estimated 545 chemical compounds of different biogenetic classes. In addition to economic value, many these phytochemicals have medicinal and physiological activity. is most popularly known for its two most-prominent most-studied secondary metabolites—Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) cannabidiol (CBD). Both Δ9-THC CBD a wide therapeutic window across ailments form part class metabolites called cannabinoids—of which approximately over 104 exist. This review will focus on non-cannabinoid Cannabis that also potential, some share properties similar those cannabinoids. notable are flavonoids terpenes. We discuss future directions in research development cannabis-based pharmaceuticals. Caflanone, flavonoid molecule with selective activity against the human viruses including coronavirus OC43 (HCov-OC43) responsible COVID-19, certain cancers, one promising molecules being advanced into clinical trials. As validated by thousands years use purposes, vast anecdotal evidence abounds benefits plant. These attributed this plant, non-cannabinoids. non-cannabinoids potential alleviate global disease burdens discussed.

Language: Английский

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Cannabis Glandular Trichomes: A Cellular Metabolite Factory

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: Sept. 20, 2021

Cannabis has been legalized for recreational use in several countries and medical is authorized an expanding list of countries; markets are growing internationally, causing increase demand high quality products with well-defined properties. The key compounds plants cannabinoids, which produced by stalked glandular trichomes located on female flowers. These produce resin that contains such as tetrahydrocannabinolic acid cannabidiolic acid, array other secondary metabolites varying degrees commercial interest. While growers tend to focus improving whole flower yields, our understanding the “goldmines” plant – limited despite their being true source revenue a multi-billion-dollar industry. This review aims provide overview current cannabis metabolite order identify gaps knowledge outline future research directions.

Language: Английский

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Extraction of Phenolic Compounds and Terpenes from Cannabis sativa L. By-Products: From Conventional to Intensified Processes

Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 10(6), P. 942 - 942

Published: June 10, 2021

L. is a controversial crop due to its high tetrahydrocannabinol content varieties; however, the hemp varieties get an increased interest. This paper describes (i) main categories of phenolic compounds (flavonoids, stilbenoids and lignans) terpenes (monoterpenes sesquiterpenes) from

Language: Английский

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