Oxidative Stress and Antioxidants in Neurodegenerative Disorders

Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(2), P. 517 - 517

Published: Feb. 18, 2023

Neurodegenerative disorders constitute a substantial proportion of neurological diseases with significant public health importance. The pathophysiology neurodegenerative is characterized by complex interplay various general and disease-specific factors that lead to the end point neuronal degeneration loss, eventual clinical manifestations. Oxidative stress result an imbalance between pro-oxidant species antioxidant systems, elevation in levels reactive oxygen nitrogen species, reduction endogenous antioxidants. Recent studies have increasingly highlighted oxidative associated mitochondrial dysfunction be important players pathophysiologic processes involved conditions. In this article, we review current knowledge effects on central nervous system, different specific routes which influences Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Huntington’s how may therapeutically reversed/mitigated order stall pathological progression these bring about benefits.

Language: Английский

---

Alzheimer's Disease Puzzle: Delving into Pathogenesis Hypotheses

Aging and Disease, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Aug. 8, 2023

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative characterized by both amnestic and non-amnestic clinical manifestations. It accounts for approximately 60-70% of all dementia cases worldwide. With the increasing number AD patients, elucidating underlying mechanisms developing corresponding interventional strategies are necessary. Hypotheses about such as amyloid cascade, Tau hyper-phosphorylation, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, cholinergic, vascular hypotheses not mutually exclusive, them play certain role in development AD. The cascade hypothesis currently most widely studied; however, other also gaining support. This article summarizes recent evidence regarding major pathological their potential interplay, well strengths weaknesses each implications effective treatments. could stimulate further studies promote more therapeutic

Language: Английский

---

Bone‐Targeted Exosomes: Strategies and Applications

Advanced Healthcare Materials, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(18)

Published: March 7, 2023

Abstract As the global population ages, bone‐related diseases have increasingly become a major social problem threatening human health. Exosomes, as natural cell products, been used to treat due their superior biocompatibility, biological barrier penetration, and therapeutic effects. Moreover, modified exosomes exhibit strong bone‐targeting capabilities that may improve efficacy avoid systemic side effects, demonstrating promising translational potential. However, review of bone‐targeted is still lacking. Thus, recently developed for applications in this are focused. The biogenesis regulatory functions exosomes, constructive strategies bone‐targeting, effects introduced. By summarizing developments challenges It striven shed light on selection exosome different bone highlight potential future clinical orthopedics.

Language: Английский

---

Exosome-mediated delivery and regulation in neurological disease progression

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 264, P. 130728 - 130728

Published: March 11, 2024

Exosomes (EXOs), minute membranous structures originating from diverse biological sources, have recently seized the attention of researchers due to their theranostic potential for neurological diseases. Released actively by various cells, including stem adipose tissue, and immune EXOs wield substantial regulatory influence over intricate landscape complications, exhibiting both positive negative modulatory effects. In AD, play a pivotal role in disseminating breaking down amyloid-β protein. Moreover, derived mesenchymal cells showcase remarkable capacity mitigate pro-inflammatory phenotypes regulating miRNAs neurodegenerative These vesicles possess unique ability traverse blood-brain barrier, governing aggregation mutant huntingtin Understanding exosomal functions within CNS holds significant promise enhancing treatment efficacy This review intricately examines mechanisms involving disease development, highlighting therapeutic prospects exploring utility exosome-based nanomedicine complications. Additionally, delves into challenges associated with drug delivery brain, emphasizing complexities inherent this critical aspect neurotherapeutics.

Language: Английский

---

Exosomes as therapeutic and drug delivery vehicle for neurodegenerative diseases

Journal of Nanobiotechnology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 22(1)

Published: Aug. 2, 2024

Abstract Neurodegenerative disorders are complex, progressive, and life-threatening. They cause mortality disability for millions of people worldwide. Appropriate treatment neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) is still clinically lacking due to the presence blood-brain barrier (BBB). Developing an effective transport system that can cross BBB enhance therapeutic effect neuroprotective agents has been a major challenge NDs. Exosomes endogenous nano-sized vesicles naturally carry biomolecular cargoes. Many studies have indicated exosome content, particularly microRNAs (miRNAs), possess biological activities by targeting several signaling pathways involved in apoptosis, inflammation, autophagy, oxidative stress. Exosome content influence cellular function healthy or pathological ways. Furthermore, since exosomes reflect features parental cells, their cargoes offer opportunities early diagnosis intervention diseases. unique characteristics make them ideal delivering drugs directly brain. These include ability pass through BBB, biocompatibility, stability, innate properties. This review emphasizes role alleviating NDs discusses associated molecular mechanisms. exosomes, making promising natural transporter various medications brain combat NDs, also discussed.

Language: Английский

---

Coenzyme Q10 Metabolism: A Review of Unresolved Issues

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(3), P. 2585 - 2585

Published: Jan. 30, 2023

The variable success in the outcome of randomised controlled trials supplementing coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) may turn be associated with a number currently unresolved issues relating to CoQ10 metabolism. In this article, we have reviewed what is known about these factors and where gaps knowledge exist that need further elucidated. Issues addressed include (i) whether bioavailability could improved; (ii) administered intravenously; (iii) via alternative routes; (iv) can cross blood-brain barrier; (v) how transported into within target cells; (vi) why some clinical been unsuccessful; (vii) which most appropriate tissue for assessment status.

Language: Английский

---

Exosomes in brain diseases: Pathogenesis and therapeutic targets

MedComm, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 4(3)

Published: June 1, 2023

Exosomes are extracellular vesicles with diameters of about 100 nm that naturally secreted by cells into body fluids. They derived from endosomes and wrapped in lipid membranes. involved intracellular metabolism intercellular communication. contain nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, metabolites the cell microenvironment cytoplasm. The contents exosomes can reflect their cells' origin allow observation tissue changes states under disease conditions. Naturally have specific biomolecules act as "fingerprint" parent cells, changed pathological conditions be used biomarkers for diagnosis. low immunogenicity, small size, cross blood-brain barrier. These characteristics make unique engineering carriers. incorporate therapeutic drugs achieve targeted drug delivery. carriers therapy still infancy, but exosome provides a new perspective cell-free therapy. This review discussed relationship occurrence treatment some neuropsychiatric diseases. In addition, future applications diagnosis disorders were evaluated this review.

Language: Английский

---

Non-Enzymatic Antioxidants against Alzheimer’s Disease: Prevention, Diagnosis and Therapy

Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(1), P. 180 - 180

Published: Jan. 12, 2023

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive memory loss and cognitive decline. Although substantial research has been conducted to elucidate the complex pathophysiology of AD, therapeutic approach still limited efficacy in clinical practice. Oxidative stress (OS) established as an early driver several age-related diseases, including neurodegeneration. In increased levels reactive oxygen species mediate neuronal lipid, protein, nucleic acid peroxidation, mitochondrial dysfunction, synaptic damage, inflammation. Thus, identification novel antioxidant molecules capable detecting, preventing, counteracting AD onset progression utmost importance. However, although studies have published, comprehensive up-to-date overviews principal anti-AD agents harboring properties remain scarce. this narrative review, we summarize role vitamins, minerals, flavonoids, non-flavonoids, mitochondria-targeting molecules, organosulfur compounds, carotenoids non-enzymatic antioxidants with diagnostic, preventative, potential, thereby offering insights into relationship between OS

Language: Английский

---

Mechanistic insights and emerging therapeutic stratagems for Alzheimer’s disease

Ageing Research Reviews, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 97, P. 102309 - 102309

Published: April 13, 2024

Language: Английский

---

CoQ10 and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Alzheimer’s Disease

Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(2), P. 191 - 191

Published: Feb. 2, 2024

The progress in understanding the pathogenesis and treatment of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is based on recognition primary causes disease, which can be deduced from knowledge risk factors biomarkers measurable early stages disease. Insights into time course biomarker abnormalities point to a role for connection amyloid beta (Aβ) pathology, tau mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress onset development AD. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) lipid antioxidant electron transporter transport system. availability activity CoQ10 crucial proper function cellular bioenergetics. Based hypothesis AD stress, regulation efficiency phosphorylation system by means considered promising restoring impaired AD, or preventing dysfunction pathology This review summarizes pathophysiology may play significant role, with aim evaluating perspective pharmacotherapy its analogues.

Language: Английский

---