International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
24(21), P. 15644 - 15644
Published: Oct. 27, 2023
The
gut
microbiome
is
intimately
intertwined
with
the
host
immune
system,
having
effects
on
systemic
system.
Dysbiosis
of
has
been
linked
not
only
to
gastrointestinal
disorders
but
also
conditions
skin,
lungs,
and
brain.
Commensal
bacteria
can
affect
status
through
a
stimulation
innate
training
adaptive
competitive
exclusion
pathogens.
improve
response
production
immunomodulating
compounds
such
as
microbe-associated
molecular
patterns
(MAMPs),
short-chain
fatty
acids
(SCFAs),
secondary
bile
acids.
microbiome,
especially
when
in
dysbiosis,
plastic
be
manipulated
introduction
beneficial
or
adjustment
nutrients
stimulate
expansion
taxa.
complex
nature
tract
(GIT)
ecosystem
complicates
use
these
methods,
similar
treatments
have
various
results
individuals
different
residential
microbiomes
differential
health
statuses.
A
more
complete
understanding
interaction
between
commensal
species,
genetics,
system
needed
for
effective
interventions
developed
implemented
clinical
setting.
Life,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
14(5), P. 559 - 559
Published: April 26, 2024
The
gastrointestinal
tract
is
home
to
trillions
of
diverse
microorganisms
collectively
known
as
the
gut
microbiota,
which
play
a
pivotal
role
in
breaking
down
undigested
foods,
such
dietary
fibers.
Through
fermentation
these
food
components,
short-chain
fatty
acids
(SCFAs)
acetate,
propionate,
and
butyrate
are
produced,
offering
numerous
health
benefits
host.
production
absorption
SCFAs
occur
through
various
mechanisms
within
human
intestine,
contingent
upon
types
fibers
reaching
specific
engaged
fermentation.
Medical
literature
extensively
documents
supplementation
SCFAs,
particularly
butyrate,
treatment
gastrointestinal,
metabolic,
cardiovascular,
gut-brain-related
disorders.
This
review
seeks
provide
an
overview
dynamics
involved
gut.
Additionally,
it
will
focus
on
roles
promoting
metabolic
health,
well
their
current
therapeutic
implications.
The
gastrointestinal
tract
is
colonized
by
trillions
of
different
microorganisms,
named
the
gut
microbiota,
which
key
to
degrade
undigested
food
such
as
dietary
fibers.
fermentation
these
components
leads
production
short-chain
fatty
acids
(SCFA)
acetate,
propionate,
and
butyrate,
exploit
several
beneficial
roles
for
host’s
health.
Their
absorption
happen
in
ways
human
intestine
depend
on
type
fiber
reaching
microorganisms
involved
fermentation.
supplementation
SCFAs,
mostly
treating
gastrointestinal,
metabolic,
cardiovascular,
gut-brain-related
diseases
has
been
reported
medical
literature.
This
review
aims
give
an
overview
dynamics
butyrate
gut,
with
a
final
focus
role
played
SCFAs
metabolic
health
present
therapeutic
implications.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
25(14), P. 7666 - 7666
Published: July 12, 2024
Autoimmunity
refers
to
an
organism’s
immune
response
against
its
own
healthy
cells,
tissues,
or
components,
potentially
leading
irreversible
damage
vital
organs.
Central
and
peripheral
tolerance
mechanisms
play
crucial
roles
in
preventing
autoimmunity
by
eliminating
self-reactive
T
B
cells.
The
disruption
of
immunological
tolerance,
characterized
the
failure
these
mechanisms,
results
aberrant
activation
autoreactive
lymphocytes
that
target
self-tissues,
culminating
pathogenesis
autoimmune
disorders.
Genetic
predispositions,
environmental
exposures,
immunoregulatory
disturbances
synergistically
contribute
susceptibility
initiation
pathologies.
Within
realm
therapies
for
diseases,
cytokine
have
emerged
as
a
specialized
strategy,
targeting
cytokine-mediated
regulatory
pathways
rectify
imbalances.
Proinflammatory
cytokines
are
key
players
inducing
propagating
inflammation,
highlighting
potential
managing
conditions.
This
review
discusses
etiology
current
therapeutic
approaches,
prospects
future
drug
design.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
25(17), P. 9366 - 9366
Published: Aug. 29, 2024
The
human
gastrointestinal
tract
hosts
a
complex
and
dynamic
community
of
microorganisms
known
as
the
gut
microbiota,
which
play
pivotal
role
in
numerous
physiological
processes,
including
digestion,
metabolism,
immune
function.
Recent
research
has
highlighted
significant
impact
diet
on
microbiota
composition
functionality,
consequential
effects
host
health.
Concurrently,
there
is
growing
evidence
linking
to
inflammation,
key
factor
many
chronic
diseases
such
inflammatory
bowel
disease
(IBD),
obesity,
diabetes,
cardiovascular
(CVDs).
This
review
explores
how
dietary
components
influence
composition,
these
microbial
changes
affect
pathways,
therapeutic
implications
modulating
this
axis
for
prevention
management.
Beneficial
patterns,
Mediterranean
(MD)
plant-based
diets,
promote
diverse
balanced
supporting
anti-inflammatory
pathways.
Conversely,
Western
(WD),
high
saturated
fats
refined
sugars,
associated
with
dysbiosis
increased
inflammation.
With
all
links
between
three
variables
considered,
attempts
offer
thorough
examination
triangle
formed
by
food.
Nutrients,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
17(4), P. 621 - 621
Published: Feb. 9, 2025
Celiac
disease
(CD)
is
a
chronic
autoimmune
disorder
driven
by
both
genetic
and
environmental
factors,
with
the
HLA
DQ2/DQ8
genotypes
playing
central
role
in
its
development.
Despite
predisposition,
only
small
percentage
of
individuals
carrying
these
develop
disease.
Gluten,
protein
found
wheat,
rye,
barley,
primary
trigger,
but
other
such
as
intestinal
microbiota,
may
also
contribute
to
progression.
While
gluten-free
diet
(GFD)
remains
cornerstone
treatment,
many
CD
patients
experience
persistent
inflammation
gut
dysbiosis,
leading
ongoing
symptoms
complications.
This
inflammation,
which
impairs
nutrient
absorption,
increases
risk
malnutrition,
anemia,
disorders.
Recent
studies
have
identified
an
altered
microbiota
patients,
on
off
GFD,
highlighting
potential
pathogenesis.
An
emerging
area
interest
supplementation
n-3
polyunsaturated
fatty
acids
(PUFAs),
known
for
their
anti-inflammatory
properties,
therapeutic
strategy.
PUFAs,
fish
oil
certain
plant
oils,
modulate
immune
cell
function
cytokine
production,
making
them
promising
intervention
controlling
CD.
review
explores
current
understanding
PUFAs'
effects
microbiota's
composition
CD,
goal
identifying
new
avenues
complementary
treatments
improve
management.
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
13
Published: May 29, 2023
Objective
The
real
causal
relationship
between
human
gut
microbiota
and
T1D
remains
unclear
difficult
to
establish.
Herein,
we
adopted
a
two-sample
bidirectional
mendelian
randomization
(MR)
study
evaluate
the
causality
T1D.
Methods
We
leveraged
publicly
available
genome-wide
association
(GWAS)
summary
data
perform
MR
analysis.
microbiota-related
GWAS
from
18,340
individuals
international
consortium
MiBioGen
were
used.
statistic
for
(n
=
264,137)
obtained
latest
release
FinnGen
as
outcome
of
interest.
selection
instrumental
variables
conformed
strictly
series
preset
inclusion
exclusion
criteria.
MR-Egger,
weighted
median,
inverse
variance
(IVW),
mode
methods
used
assess
association.
Cochran’s
Q
test,
MR-Egger
intercept
leave-one-out
analysis
conducted
identify
heterogeneity
pleiotropy.
Results
At
phylum
level,
only
Bacteroidetes
was
indicated
have
on
(OR
1.24,
95%
CI
1.01-1.53,
P
0.044)
in
IVW
When
it
comes
their
subcategories,
Bacteroidia
class
1.28,
1.06-1.53,
0.009,
FDR
0.085),
Bacteroidales
order
Eubacterium
eligens
group
genus
0.64,
0.50-0.81,
2.84×10
-4
,
0.031)
observed
with
No
pleiotropy
detected.
Conclusions
present
reports
that
phylum,
class,
causally
increase
risk,
whereas
genus,
which
belongs
Firmicutes
decreases
risk.
Nevertheless,
future
studies
are
warranted
dissect
underlying
mechanisms
specific
bacterial
taxa’s
role
pathophysiology
Frontiers in Immunology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
15
Published: March 6, 2024
Rheumatoid
arthritis
(RA)
is
a
systemic
autoimmune
disorder
characterized
by
swollen
joints,
discomfort,
stiffness,
osteoporosis,
and
reduced
functionality.
Genetics,
smoking,
dust
inhalation,
high
BMI,
hormonal
gut
microbiota
dysbiosis
are
all
likely
causes
of
the
onset
or
development
RA,
but
underlying
mechanism
remains
unknown.
Compared
to
healthy
controls,
patients
with
RA
have
significantly
different
composition
microbiota.
It
well
known
that
human
plays
key
role
in
initiation,
maintenance,
operation
host
immune
system.
Gut
has
local
systematic
adverse
effects
on
system,
resulting
susceptibility
various
diseases,
including
RA.
Studies
intestinal
modulation
immunomodulatory
properties
probiotics
been
reported,
order
identify
their
potential
possibility
prevention
disease
activity
control
This
review
summarized
current
studies
mechanisms
progression
as
preventative
therapeutic
Additionally,
we
proposed
challenges
difficulties
application
providing
direction
for
research
