Childhood socioeconomic status and the pace of structural neurodevelopment: accelerated, delayed, or simply different?

Trends in Cognitive Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 27(9), P. 833 - 851

Published: May 11, 2023

Socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with children's brain and behavioral development. Several theories propose that early experiences of adversity or low SES can alter the pace neurodevelopment during childhood adolescence. These make contrasting predictions about whether adverse are accelerated delayed neurodevelopment. We contextualize these within context normative development cortical subcortical structure review existing evidence on structural to adjudicate between competing hypotheses. Although none fully consistent observed SES-related differences in development, suggests trajectories more a simply different developmental pattern than an acceleration

Language: Английский

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Brain Plasticity and Human Evolution

Annual Review of Anthropology, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 46(1), P. 399 - 419

Published: Oct. 23, 2017

Human behavior is shaped by social learning to an extent that unrivaled in the natural world. What neurobiological changes have occurred human evolutionary history enabled this remarkable cultural capacity? brain anatomy and function evolved be highly responsive experience from environment, especially milieu of interactions. Numerous aspects development show evidence specialization leading increased plasticity. These include timing growth relative birth, rates synaptogenesis myelination, shifts gene expression epigenetic modifications. Some these plasticity are also evident fossil hominins analyses ancient DNA.

Language: Английский

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Socioeconomic disparities in academic achievement: A multi-modal investigation of neural mechanisms in children and adolescents

NeuroImage, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 173, P. 298 - 310

Published: Feb. 25, 2018

Language: Английский

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Modeling the evolution of sensitive periods

Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 41, P. 100715 - 100715

Published: Nov. 12, 2019

In the past decade, there has been monumental progress in our understanding of neurobiological basis sensitive periods. Little is known, however, about evolution Recent studies have started to address this gap. Biologists built mathematical models exploring environmental conditions which periods are likely evolve. These investigate how mechanisms plasticity can respond optimally experience during an individual's lifetime. This paper discusses central tenets, insights, and predictions these models, relation empirical work on humans other animals. We also discuss future needed improve bridge between theory data, advancing their synergy. Our written accessible manner for a broad audience. hope will contribute recently emerging connections fields developmental neuroscience evolutionary biology.

Language: Английский

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Early deprivation disruption of associative learning is a developmental pathway to depression and social problems

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 9(1)

Published: June 1, 2018

Abstract Exposure to psychosocial deprivation is associated with elevations in numerous forms of impairment throughout the life-course. Disruptions associative learning may be a key mechanism through which adversity, particularly deprivation, increases risk for impairment. Existing data consistent this claim come entirely from correlational studies. Here, we present first experimental evidence relating and disruptions multiple learning. Using Bucharest Early Intervention Project, demonstrate that randomized placement into family caregiving environment during infant/toddler period as compared prolonged institutional care normalizes two early adolescence: reward responsivity implicit motor These significantly mediate effect rearing on depressive symptoms peer relationships. In sum, provide novel pathway linking experience psychopathology relationships basic mechanisms.

Language: Английский

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An ecological approach to understanding the developing brain: Examples linking poverty, parenting, neighborhoods, and the brain.

American Psychologist, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 75(9), P. 1245 - 1259

Published: Dec. 1, 2020

We describe an ecological approach to understanding the developing brain, with a focus on effects of poverty-related adversity brain function. articulate how combining multilevel models from developmental science and psychopathology human neuroscience can inform our risk resilience. To illustrate this approach, we associations between poverty function, roles parents neighborhoods play in context, potential impact timing. also major challenges needed advances these areas research better understand why may including need for: population greater attention sampling representation, genetically informed causal designs, assessing context caution interpretation effects, Work area has implications for policy prevention, which are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

Language: Английский

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The role of the visual association cortex in scaffolding prefrontal cortex development: A novel mechanism linking socioeconomic status and executive function

Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 39, P. 100699 - 100699

Published: Aug. 8, 2019

Socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with executive function (EF) and prefrontal cortex (PFC) development. However, understanding of the specific aspects SES that influence development EF PFC remains limited. We briefly review existing literature on proposed mechanisms linking EF. Then, we present a novel conceptual model arguing early cognitive stimulation shapes propose drives lower-level sensory perceptual processes may impact through reciprocal connections between ventral visual stream PFC. argue caregivers guide attention associative learning, which provides children opportunity to regulate gain semantic knowledge. This experience in turn allows for opportunities train resolve conflict stimuli overlapping features engage increasingly complex computations as processing systems develop; this lay groundwork evidence end by highlighting how could launch future research questions.

Language: Английский

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Mechanisms of neuroplasticity linking early adversity to depression: developmental considerations

Translational Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 11(1)

Published: Oct. 9, 2021

Abstract Early exposure to psychosocial adversity is among the most potent predictors of depression. Because depression commonly emerges prior adulthood, we must consider fundamental principles developmental neuroscience when examining how experiences childhood adversity, including abuse and neglect, can lead Considering that both environment brain are highly dynamic across period spanning gestation through adolescence, purpose this review discuss integrate stress-based models center processes. We offer a general framework for understanding in early life disrupts or calibrates biobehavioral systems implicated Specifically, propose sources nature environmental input shaping brain, mechanisms neuroplasticity involved, change development. contend effects largely depend on stage organism. First, summarize leading neurobiological focus risk mental disorders, In particular, highlight allostatic load, acceleration maturation, dimensions sensitive critical s. Second, expound evidence formulation distinct depending timing adverse experiences, inherent within certain windows development constraints these experiences. Finally, other important facets (e.g., unpredictability, perceptions one’s experiences) before discussing promising research directions future field.

Language: Английский

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Threat and deprivation are associated with distinct aspects of cognition, emotional processing, and psychopathology in children and adolescents

Developmental Science, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 26(1)

Published: April 13, 2022

Abstract Exposure to childhood adversity has been consistently associated with poor developmental outcomes, but it is unclear whether these associations vary across different forms of adversity. We examined cross‐sectional and longitudinal between threat deprivation cognition, emotional processing, psychopathology in a middle‐income country. The sample consisted 2511 children adolescents (6–17 years old) from the Brazilian High‐Risk Cohort for Mental Conditions. Parent reports on were used construct latent constructs. Psychopathology was measured by Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) generate measure general (the “p” factor). Executive function (EF) attention orienting toward angry faces assessed using cognitive tasks. All measures acquired at two time‐points 3 apart tested linear models. Higher levels predicted higher cross‐sectionally longitudinally, longitudinally. For EF, worse performance only baseline follow‐up. Finally, towards cross‐sectionally, neither form changes over time bias. Our results suggest that have differential development psychopathology. during complex phenomenon meaningful influences child development. Because can take many forms, dimensional models might help disentangle specific correlates types early experience. A video abstract this article be viewed https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uEU0L8exyTM .

Language: Английский

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Early deprivation alters structural brain development from middle childhood to adolescence

Science Advances, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 8(40)

Published: Oct. 7, 2022

Hypotheses concerning the biologic embedding of early adversity via developmental neuroplasticity mechanisms have been proposed on basis experimental studies in animals. However, no demonstrated a causal link between and neural development humans. Here, we present evidence from randomized controlled trial linking psychosocial deprivation childhood to changes cortical adolescence using longitudinal data Bucharest Early Intervention Project. Changes structure due randomization foster care were most pronounced lateral medial prefrontal cortex white matter tracts connecting parietal cortex. Demonstrating impact exposure highlights importance placement into family-based mitigate lasting neurodevelopmental consequences associated with early-life deprivation.

Language: Английский

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