A step-by-step tutorial on active inference and its application to empirical data

Journal of Mathematical Psychology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 107, P. 102632 - 102632

Published: Feb. 4, 2022

The active inference framework, and in particular its recent formulation as a partially observable Markov decision process (POMDP), has gained increasing popularity years useful approach for modeling neurocognitive processes. This framework is highly general flexible ability to be customized model any cognitive process, well simulate predicted neuronal responses based on accompanying neural theory. It also affords both simulation experiments proof of principle behavioral empirical studies. However, there are limited resources that explain how build run these models practice, which limits their widespread use. Most introductions assume technical background programming, mathematics, machine learning. In this paper we offer step-by-step tutorial POMDPs, simulations using standard MATLAB routines, fit data. We minimal programming thoroughly all equations, provide exemplar scripts can theoretical Our goal the reader with requisite knowledge practical tools apply own research. optional sections multiple appendices, interested additional details. should necessary use follow emerging advances

Language: Английский

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Interoception of breathing and its relationship with anxiety

Neuron, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 109(24), P. 4080 - 4093.e8

Published: Oct. 22, 2021

Interoception, the perception of internal bodily states, is thought to be inextricably linked affective qualities such as anxiety. Although interoception spans sensory metacognitive processing, it not clear whether anxiety differentially related these processing levels. Here we investigated this question in domain breathing, using computational modeling and high-field (7 T) fMRI assess brain activity relating dynamic changes inspiratory resistance varying predictability. Notably, anterior insula was associated with both breathing-related prediction certainty errors, suggesting an important role representing updating models body. Individuals low versus moderate traits showed differential for certainty. Multi-modal analyses data from fMRI, assessments metacognition, questionnaires demonstrated that anxiety-interoception links span all levels perceptual sensitivity strong effects seen at higher interoceptive processes.

Language: Английский

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Path integrals, particular kinds, and strange things

Physics of Life Reviews, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 47, P. 35 - 62

Published: Aug. 29, 2023

This paper describes a path integral formulation of the free energy principle. The ensuing account expresses paths or trajectories that particle takes as it evolves over time. main results are method principle least action can be used to emulate behaviour particles in open exchange with their external milieu. Particles defined by particular partition, which internal states individuated from active and sensory blanket states. variational at hand allows one interpret dynamics—of certain kinds particles—as inferring hidden behind We consider different particles, what extent they imbued an elementary form inference sentience. Specifically, we distinction between dissipative conservative inert and, finally, ordinary strange particles. Strange described own actions, endowing them apparent autonomy agency. In short—of afforded partition—strange may apt for describing sentient behaviour.

Language: Английский

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The prediction illusion: perceptual control mechanisms that fool the observer

Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 62, P. 101488 - 101488

Published: Feb. 20, 2025

Language: Английский

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Levels of Emotional Awareness: Theory and Measurement of a Socio-Emotional Skill

Journal of Intelligence, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 9(3), P. 42 - 42

Published: Aug. 19, 2021

Emotional awareness is the ability to conceptualize and describe one’s own emotions those of others. Over thirty years ago, a cognitive-developmental theory emotional patterned after Piaget’s cognitive development was created as well performance measure this called Levels Awareness Scale (LEAS). Since then, large number studies have been completed in healthy volunteers clinical populations including with mental health or systemic medical disorders. Along way, there also further refinements adaptations LEAS such creation digital version addition advances itself. This review aims provide comprehensive summary evolving theoretical background, measurement methods, empirical findings LEAS. The reliable valid awareness. Evidence suggests that facilitates better emotion self-regulation, navigate complex social situations enjoy relationships, physical health. relatively new but promising area research domain socio-emotional skills. paper concludes some recommendations for future research.

Language: Английский

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Interoception as modeling, allostasis as control

Biological Psychology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 167, P. 108242 - 108242

Published: Dec. 20, 2021

Language: Английский

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The evolution of brain architectures for predictive coding and active inference

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 377(1844)

Published: Dec. 27, 2021

This article considers the evolution of brain architectures for predictive processing. We argue that mechanisms perception and action are not late evolutionary additions advanced creatures like us. Rather, they emerged gradually from simpler loops (e.g. autonomic motor reflexes) were a legacy our earlier ancestors—and key to solving their fundamental problems adaptive regulation. characterize simpler-to-more-complex brains formally, in terms generative models include increasing hierarchical breadth depth. These may start simple homeostatic motif be elaborated during four main ways: these multimodal expansion control into an allostatic loop; its duplication form multiple sensorimotor expand animal's behavioural repertoire; gradual endowment with depth (to deal aspects world unfold at different spatial scales) temporal select plans future-oriented manner). In turn, elaborations underwrite solution biological regulation faced by increasingly sophisticated animals. Our proposal aligns neuroscientific theorising—about processing—with comparative data on animal species. is part theme issue ‘Systems neuroscience through lens theory’.

Language: Английский

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An insula hierarchical network architecture for active interoceptive inference

Royal Society Open Science, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 9(6)

Published: June 1, 2022

In the brain, insular cortex receives a vast amount of interoceptive information, ascending through deep brain structures, from multiple visceral organs. The unique hierarchical and modular architecture insula suggests specialization for processing afferents. Yet, biological significance insula's neuroanatomical architecture, in relation to remains obscure. this opinion piece, we propose Insula Hierarchical Modular Adaptive Interoception Control (IMAC) model suggest that modules (granular, dysgranular agranular), forming parallel networks with prefrontal striatum, are specialized form higher order representations. These representations recruited context-dependent manner support habitual, model-based exploratory control organs physiological processes. We discuss how may give rise conscious feelings best explain lower representations, serve defend body mind against pathological depression.

Language: Английский

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Future medicine: from molecular pathways to the collective intelligence of the body

Trends in Molecular Medicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 29(9), P. 687 - 710

Published: July 20, 2023

The remarkable anatomical homeostasis exhibited by complex living organisms suggests that they are inherently reprogrammable information-processing systems offer numerous interfaces to their physiological and problem-solving capacities. We briefly review data suggesting the multiscale competency of forms affords a new path for biomedicine exploits innate collective intelligence tissues organs. concept tissue-level allostatic goal-directedness is already bearing fruit in clinical practice. sketch roadmap towards 'somatic psychiatry' using advances bioelectricity behavioral neuroscience design methods induce self-repair structure function. Relaxing assumption cellular control mechanisms static, exploiting powerful concepts from cybernetics, science, developmental biology may spark definitive solutions current biomedical challenges.

Language: Английский

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Cognitive effort and active inference

Neuropsychologia, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 184, P. 108562 - 108562

Published: April 18, 2023

This paper aims to integrate some key constructs in the cognitive neuroscience of control and executive function by formalising notion (or mental) effort terms active inference. To do so, we call upon a task used neuropsychology assess impulse inhibition-a Stroop task. In this task, participants must suppress read colour word instead report text word. The is characteristically effortful, unpack theory mental which, perform accurately, overcome prior beliefs about how they would normally act. However, our interest here not overt action, but covert (mental) action. Mental actions change have no (direct) effect on outside world-much like deploying attention. account as action lets us generate multimodal (choice, reaction time, electrophysiological) data sort might expect from human participant engaging We analyse parameters determining influence simulated responses demonstrate that-when provided only with performance data-these can be recovered, are within certain range.

Language: Английский

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