Cells,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
11(24), P. 4103 - 4103
Published: Dec. 17, 2022
Inflammatory
bowel
diseases,
including
Crohn’s
disease
and
ulcerative
colitis,
are
incurable
autoimmune
diseases
characterized
by
chronic
inflammation
of
the
gastrointestinal
tract.
There
is
increasing
evidence
that
inappropriate
interaction
between
enteric
nervous
system
central
and/or
low
activity
vagus
nerve,
which
connects
systems,
could
play
a
crucial
role
in
their
pathogenesis.
Therefore,
it
has
been
suggested
appropriate
neuroprosthetic
stimulation
nerve
lead
to
modulation
tract
consequent
long-term
control
these
diseases.
In
present
paper,
we
provide
comprehensive
overview
(1)
cellular
molecular
bases
immune
system,
(2)
way
systems
interact
contribute
responses,
(3)
pathogenesis
inflammatory
disease,
(4)
therapeutic
use
stimulation,
particular,
transcutaneous
auricular
branch
nerve.
Then,
expose
working
hypotheses
for
processes
responsible
intestinal
develop
personalized
devices
procedures
favor
patients.
Frontiers in Immunology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
15
Published: May 16, 2024
Importance
Research
is
beginning
to
elucidate
the
sophisticated
mechanisms
underlying
microbiota-gut-brain-immune
interface,
moving
from
primarily
animal
models
human
studies.
Findings
support
dynamic
relationships
between
gut
microbiota
as
an
ecosystem
(microbiome)
within
(host)
and
its
intersection
with
host
immune
nervous
systems.
Adding
this
effects
on
epigenetic
regulation
of
gene
expression
further
complicates
strengthens
response.
At
heart
inflammation,
which
manifests
in
a
variety
pathologies
including
neurodegenerative
diseases
such
Alzheimer’s
disease,
Parkinson’s
Multiple
Sclerosis
(MS).
Observations
Generally,
research
date
limited
has
focused
bacteria,
likely
due
simplicity
cost-effectiveness
16s
rRNA
sequencing,
despite
lower
resolution
inability
determine
functional
ability/alterations.
However,
omits
all
other
fungi,
viruses,
phages,
are
emerging
key
members
microbiome.
Much
been
done
pre-clinical
and/or
small
studies
more
developed
parts
world.
The
observed
promising
but
cannot
be
considered
reliable
or
generalizable
at
time.
Specifically,
causal
determined
currently.
More
followed
by
then
little
MS.
data
for
MS
encouraging
this.
Conclusions
relevance
While
still
nascent,
interface
may
missing
link,
hampered
our
progress
understanding,
let
alone
preventing,
managing,
putting
into
remission
diseases.
Relationships
must
first
established
humans,
have
shown
poorly
translate
complex
physiology
environments,
especially
when
investigating
microbiome
where
often
overly
simplistic.
Only
can
robust
conducted
humans
using
mechanistic
model
Translational Psychiatry,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
12(1)
Published: June 1, 2022
Abstract
Depression
is
common
in
patients
with
rheumatoid
arthritis
(RA);
however,
the
precise
mechanisms
underlying
a
link
between
depression
and
RA
remain
unclear.
Accumulating
evidence
suggests
role
of
gut–microbiota–brain
axis
depression.
In
this
study,
we
investigated
whether
collagen-induced
(CIA)
mice
produce
depression-like
behaviors
abnormal
composition
gut
microbiota.
Furthermore,
fecal
microbiota
transplantation
(FMT)
from
causes
phenotypes
antibiotic
cocktail
(ABX)-treated
mice.
CIA
displayed
behaviors,
increased
blood
levels
pro-inflammatory
cytokine
interleukin-6
(IL-6),
decreased
expression
synaptic
proteins
prefrontal
cortex
(PFC),
FMT
caused
phenotypes,
alterations
composition,
IL-6
tumor
necrosis
factor-α
(TNF-α),
downregulation
PFC
compared
to
healthy
controls.
There
were
correlations
relative
abundance
plasma
cytokines,
or
behaviors.
Interestingly,
induced
T
cells
differentiation
Peyer’s
patches
spleen.
Reduced
percentage
Treg
an
increase
Th1/Th2
index
was
observed
after
patients.
These
findings
suggest
that
exhibit
systemic
inflammation,
microbiota,
produces
ABX-treated
via
differentiation.
Therefore,
abnormalities
may
contribute
axis.
Neurobiology of Disease,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
176, P. 105951 - 105951
Published: Dec. 6, 2022
Multiple
sclerosis
(MS)
is
the
most
common
demyelinating
disease
that
attacks
central
nervous
system.
Dietary
intake
of
cuprizone
(CPZ)
produces
demyelination
resembling
patients
with
MS.
Given
role
vagus
nerve
in
gut-microbiota-brain
axis
development
MS,
we
performed
this
study
to
investigate
whether
subdiaphragmatic
vagotomy
(SDV)
affects
CPZ-treated
mice.
SDV
significantly
ameliorated
and
microglial
activation
brain
compared
sham-operated
Furthermore,
16S
ribosomal
RNA
analysis
revealed
improved
abnormal
gut
microbiota
composition
An
untargeted
metabolomic
demonstrated
blood
levels
metabolites
mice
Notably,
there
were
correlations
between
or
relative
abundance
several
microbiome
populations,
suggesting
a
link
brain.
There
also
metabolites.
Together,
these
data
suggest
CPZ
through
via
nerve.
Neurobiology of Disease,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
189, P. 106348 - 106348
Published: Nov. 11, 2023
3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine
(MDMA)
is
the
most
widely
used
illicit
substance
worldwide.
Nevertheless,
recent
observational
studies
demonstrated
that
lifetime
MDMA
use
among
U.S.
adults
was
associated
with
a
lower
risk
of
depression
and
suicide
thoughts.
We
recently
reported
gut-brain
axis
may
contribute
to
MDMA-induced
stress
resilience
in
mice.
To
further
explore
this,
we
investigated
effects
subdiaphragmatic
vagotomy
(SDV)
modulating
mice
subjected
chronic
restrain
(CRS).
Pretreatment
(10
mg/kg/day
for
14
days)
blocked
anhedonia-like
behavior
reduced
expression
synaptic
proteins
brain-derived
neurotrophic
factor
prefrontal
cortex
(PFC)
CRS-exposed
Interestingly,
SDV
beneficial
on
these
alterations
Analysis
gut
microbiome
revealed
four
measures
α-diversity
between
sham
+
CRS
group
group.
Moreover,
specific
microbes
differed
vehicle
group,
differences
microbial
composition
were
observed
all
groups.
Untargeted
metabolomics
analysis
showed
prevented
increase
plasma
levels
three
compounds
[lactic
acid,
1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2,2,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinol,
8-acetyl-7-hydroxyvumaline]
positive
correlations
found
two
abundance
several
across
In
conclusion,
our
data
suggest
via
vagus
nerve
might
MDMA.
Frontiers in Pharmacology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
15
Published: April 11, 2024
(
R
,
S
)-
and
)-ketamine
have
made
significant
progress
in
the
treatment
of
treatment-resistant
depression
(TRD)
become
a
research
focus
recent
years.
However,
they
both
risks
psychomimetic
effects,
dissociative
abuse
liability,
which
limit
their
clinical
use.
Recent
preclinical
studies
shown
that
has
more
efficient
lasting
antidepressant
effect
with
fewer
side
effects
compared
to
)-ketamine.
small-sample
randomized
controlled
trial
found
although
lower
incidence
adverse
reactions
adult
TRD
treatment,
its
efficacy
is
not
superior
placebo
group,
indicating
advantage
still
needs
further
verification
clarification.
Moreover,
an
increasing
body
suggests
might
also
applications
prevention
medical
fields
or
diseases
such
as
cognitive
disorders,
perioperative
anesthesia,
ischemic
stroke,
Parkinson’s
disease,
multiple
sclerosis,
osteoporosis,
substance
use
inflammatory
diseases,
COVID-19,
organophosphate
poisoning.
This
article
briefly
reviews
mechanism
action
on
antidepressants
related
)-ketamine,
fully
revealing
application
potential
development
prospects,
providing
some
references
assistance
for
subsequent
expanded
research.