Evolving an idionomic approach to processes of change: Towards a unified personalized science of human improvement

Behaviour Research and Therapy, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 156, P. 104155 - 104155

Published: July 3, 2022

Language: Английский

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A new science of mental disorders: Using personalised, transdiagnostic, dynamical systems to understand, model, diagnose and treat psychopathology

Behaviour Research and Therapy, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 153, P. 104096 - 104096

Published: April 14, 2022

The core ideas of a 10-year research program 'New Science Mental Disorders' are outlined. This moves away from the disorder-based 'one-model-fits-all' approach to treating mental disorders, and adopts network psychopathology as its foundation research. Its assumption is that dynamically interacting symptoms constitute disorder. Our goal further develop by studying (1) dynamic networks other variables (i.e., elements) in large number individuals with wide range disorders transdiagnostic perspective (network-based diagnosis; mapping), including both Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) digital phenotyping, (2) mechanisms reflecting potential causal relations among elements performing experimental (pre-)clinical studies (zooming), (3) effectiveness personalised network-informed interventions (targeting). Challenges overcome this discussed, which relate data collection (e.g., selection EMA variables) analyses power considerations), development application diagnoses what characteristic(s) target interventions), implementation clinical practice train therapists use therapy).

Language: Английский

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A process-based approach to cognitive behavioral therapy: A theory-based case illustration

Frontiers in Psychology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: Oct. 25, 2022

Despite the significant contribution of cognitive-behavioral therapy to effective treatment options for specific syndromes, progress has been stagnating, with response rates plateauing over past several years. This stagnation led clinical researchers call an approach that instead focuses on processes change and individual in their particular context. Process-based (PBT) is a general representing model models, grounded evolution science, emphasis idiographic methods, network models case conceptualization, enhancing wellbeing. In this paper, we describe theory underlying PBT present study how apply tools principles deliver process-informed person-centered evidence-based treatment. addition, discuss lessons learned from our provide suggestions future considerations when implementing settings.

Language: Английский

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Personalized pain management: Is it time for process‐based therapy for particular people with chronic pain?

European Journal of Pain, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 27(9), P. 1044 - 1055

Published: Feb. 9, 2023

Psychological treatments for chronic pain have helped many people around the world. They are among most researched and best evidenced a person can receive when they persistent, disabling distressing pain. At same time, improvements in effectiveness of these appear to be at standstill. This may due an inherent lack generalizability from aggregated group data individual, limited utility our current schemes categorizing with conditions, faced their heterogeneity, relatively coarse categories treatment types focus on packages rather than individual methods, failures find adequate predictors outcome, or assign best-suited based data. In this review, it is argued that development examination truly personalized next logical step create progress improve results achieve.Key research studies pertaining psychological treatments, heterogeneity pain, prediction subtyping tailoring reviewed.It suggested future ought incorporate idiographic, process-based approach, focused evidence-based mechanisms change, individually dynamically addressed, contextually sensitive ongoing assessment. Knowledge practical solutions needed make therapy happen discussed.Psychological approaches been highly successful past but improvement over time slow nonexistent. It here has happened failure adequately consider individual. Future grounded

Language: Английский

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A cultural-ecosocial systems view for psychiatry

Frontiers in Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: April 13, 2023

While contemporary psychiatry seeks the mechanisms of mental disorders in neurobiology, health problems clearly depend on developmental processes learning and adaptation through ongoing interactions with social environment. Symptoms or emerge specific contexts involve predicaments that cannot be fully characterized terms brain function but require a larger social-ecological view. Causal result can begin anywhere within extended system body-person-environment. In particular, individuals' narrative self-construal, culturally mediated interpretations symptoms coping strategies as well responses others world contribute to disorders, illness experience, recovery. this paper, we outline conceptual basis practical implications hierarchical ecosocial systems view for an integrative approach psychiatric theory practice. The cultural-ecosocial propose understands mind, person situated constituted by cultural self-reflexive processes. This incorporated into pragmatic clinical assessment case formulation characterizes pathology identifies targets intervention.

Language: Английский

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Restoring the missing person to personalized medicine and precision psychiatry

Frontiers in Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 17

Published: Feb. 9, 2023

Precision psychiatry has emerged as part of the shift to personalized medicine and builds on frameworks such U.S. National Institute Mental Health Research Domain Criteria (RDoC), multilevel biological “omics” data and, most recently, computational psychiatry. The is prompted by realization that a one-size-fits all approach inadequate guide clinical care because people differ in ways are not captured broad diagnostic categories. One first steps developing this treatment was use genetic markers pharmacotherapeutics based predictions pharmacological response or non-response, potential risk adverse drug reactions. Advances technology have made greater degree specificity precision potentially more attainable. To date, however, search for largely focused parameters. Psychiatric disorders involve multi-level dynamics require measures phenomenological, psychological, behavioral, social structural, cultural dimensions. This points need develop fine-grained analyses experience, self-construal, illness narratives, interpersonal interactional dynamics, contexts determinants health. In paper, we review limitations arguing it cannot reach its goal if does include core elements processes give rise psychopathological states, which agency experience person. Drawing from contemporary systems biology, epidemiology, developmental psychology, cognitive science, propose cultural-ecosocial integrating with person-centered care.

Language: Английский

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A Psychometric Network Analysis of CHC Intelligence Measures: Implications for Research, Theory, and Interpretation of Broad CHC Scores “Beyond g”

Journal of Intelligence, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(1), P. 19 - 19

Published: Jan. 16, 2023

For over a century, the structure of intelligence has been dominated by factor analytic methods that presume tests are indicators latent entities (e.g., general or g). Recently, psychometric network and theories process overlap theory; dynamic mutualism) have provided alternatives to g-centric models. However, few studies investigated contemporary cognitive measures using methods. We apply Gaussian graphical model age 9-19 standardization sample Woodcock-Johnson Tests Cognitive Ability-Fourth Edition. Results support primary broad abilities from Cattell-Horn-Carroll (CHC) theory suggest working memory-attentional control complex may be central understanding CHC intelligence. Supplementary multidimensional scaling analyses indicate existence possible higher-order dimensions (PPIK; triadic System I-II processing) as well separate learning retrieval aspects long-term memory. Overall, approach offers viable alternative models with bias (i.e., bifactor models) led erroneous conclusions regarding utility scores in test interpretation beyond full-scale IQ, g.

Language: Английский

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Time spent on social media among the least influential factors in adolescent mental health: preliminary results from a panel network analysis

Nature Mental Health, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 1(5), P. 316 - 326

Published: May 8, 2023

Language: Английский

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Increased rates of chronic physical health conditions across all organ systems in autistic adolescents and adults

Molecular Autism, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: Sept. 20, 2023

The poorer physical health of autistic adults compared to non-autistic has been highlighted by several epidemiological studies. However, research so far limited specific geographical areas and primarily focused on young individuals (aged 35 years younger). Recent studies indicate a higher rate mortality in people, as well quality self-reported healthcare interactions. This study aims determine, first, whether people experience greater levels non-communicable conditions second, these are explained differences demographics (i.e. sex, country residence, ethnicity, education level), alcohol use, smoking, body mass index (BMI), or family history medical conditions.We employed cross-sectional, convenience-sampling via an anonymous, online survey (n = 2305, mean age 41.6, 65.9% female, 49% autistic). asked participants self-report information about their demographics, autism diagnosis, diet, exercise, sleep, sexual health, substance personal history, (for all first-degree, biological relatives). Binomial logistic regression across four iterative models increasing complexity was applied assess rates conditions. Benjamini-Hochberg correction used account for multiple testing, only that achieved at least 1% endorsement within the overall sample > 22) were included analysis reduce risk Type I errors. We also novel network methods test there increased multimorbidity between people.There significantly elevated organ systems including gastrointestinal, neurological, endocrine, visual, ear/nose/throat, skin, liver kidney, haematological confirmed previous findings showing highly significant neurological gastrointestinal symptoms (p < 0.0001). In addition, we established largest date Ehler-Danlos Syndrome (EDS) more likely occur among females females. Finally, found prevalence Coeliac's disease after controlling BMI, but results became non-significant accounting history.Our is biased towards females, white individuals, educated UK residents, due sampling biases. Our design may exclude those who lack access computers, with intellectual disability. size.This provides evidence widespread, comorbidity spans nearly major adults, using both binary models. Healthcare professionals must be made aware range co-occurring common people. our point potential avenues requiring further exploration, such association EDS.

Language: Английский

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Is depression a global brain disorder with topographic dynamic reorganization?

Translational Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: July 5, 2024

Abstract Major depressive disorder (MDD) is characterized by a multitude of psychopathological symptoms including affective, cognitive, perceptual, sensorimotor, and social. The neuronal mechanisms underlying such co-occurrence remain yet unclear. Rather than linking localizing single to specific regions or networks, this perspective proposes more global dynamic topographic approach. We first review recent findings on brain activity changes during both rest task states in MDD showing reorganization with shift from unimodal transmodal regions. Next, we out two candidate that may underlie mediate abnormal uni-/transmodal topography, namely shifts shorter longer timescales abnormalities the excitation-inhibition balance. Finally, show how relates various their co-occurrence. This amounts what describe as ‘Topographic reorganization’ which extends our earlier ‘Resting state hypothesis depression’ complements other models MDD.

Language: Английский

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