Authorea (Authorea),
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: May 27, 2024
According
to
the
arousal
model
of
vigilance,
locus
coeruleus-norepinephrine
(LC-NE)
system
modulates
sustained
attention
over
long
periods
by
regulating
physiological
arousal.
Recent
research
has
proposed
that
transcutaneous
auricular
vagus
nerve
stimulation
(taVNS)
indirect
markers
LC-NE
activity,
although
its
effects
on
vigilance
have
not
yet
been
examined.
Aiming
develop
a
safe
and
non-invasive
procedure
prevent
failures
in
prolonged
tasks,
present
study
examined
possibility
mitigate
loss
stimulating
via
taVNS.
Following
pre-registered
protocol
(https://osf.io/tu2xy/),
50
participants
completed
three
repeated-sessions
randomized
order
which
either
active
taVNS
at
individualized
intensity
set
participant,
0.5
mA
for
all
participants,
or
sham
taVNS,
was
delivered
while
performing
an
attentional
task
(i.e.,
ANTI-Vea).
Changes
salivary
alpha-amylase
cortisol
concentrations
were
measured
as
activity.
Self-reports
feelings
associated
with
guessing
rate
active/sham
conditions
supported
efficacy
single-blind
procedure.
Contrary
our
predictions,
observed
decrement
modulated
Pairwise
comparisons
showed
mitigation
reduction
across
time.
Interestingly,
Spearman’s
correlational
analyses
some
inter-individual
LC-NE,
evidenced
positive
associations
between
changes
but
We
highlight
relevance
replicating
extending
outcomes,
investigating
further
parameters
other
Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
17
Published: April 28, 2025
One
of
the
commonly
used
indices
short-term
memory
(STM)
is
digit
span
task.
Prior
studies
have
proposed
pupil
dilation
as
a
measure
task
engagement
and
promising
biomarker
vagal
activation.
Transcutaneous
auricular
vagus
nerve
stimulation
(taVNS)
novel
non-invasive
brain
technique
which
might
be
to
improve
cognition
modulate
size
through
its
effects
on
noradrenergic
release
in
locus
coeruleus.
No
previous
study
has
investigated
off-line
taVNS
With
this
single-blind,
sham-controlled,
crossover
design
trial,
we
aimed
assess
whether
was
able
score,
well
pupillary
response
cognitive
load
sample
18
elderly
Japanese
volunteers
with
no
self-reported
impairments.
Subjects
were
randomized
receive
either
real
or
sham
during
while
recording
size,
then
switched
over
other
treatment
group.
We
found
that
significantly
reduced
mean
number
errors
performed
at
length
7,
8,
9
(-0.83,
-0.90,
-0.39,
respectively
compared
pre-stimulation
values,
-0.71,
-1.08,
-0.79,
respectively,
stimulation).
Additionally,
slightly
but
increased
all
lengths
encoding
period
task,
larger
for
7-10
pre-stimulation,
5-10
sham.
effect
recall
period.
Our
results
suggest
selectively
performance
phase
Although
further
are
needed
better
clarify
optimal
parameters,
findings
from
could
support
use
safe
neuromodulation
function.
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Sept. 3, 2024
Abstract
Transcutaneous
vagus
nerve
stimulation
(tVNS)
has
emerged
as
a
promising
technique
to
modulate
autonomic
functions,
and
pupil
dilation
been
recognized
biomarker
for
tVNS-induced
monoaminergic
release.
Nevertheless,
studies
on
the
effectiveness
of
various
tVNS
protocols
have
produced
heterogeneous
results
dilatation
date.
Here,
we
synthesize
existing
evidence
compare
conventional
continuous
pulsed
using
Bayesian
meta-analysis.
To
maintain
living
version,
developed
Shiny
App
with
possibility
incorporate
newly
published
in
future.
Based
systematic
review,
included
18
(N
=
771)
applying
either
or
protocols.
Across
studies,
found
anecdotal
alternative
hypothesis
that
increases
size
(
g
0.14,
95%
CI
[0.001,
0.29],
BF01
2.5).
Separating
according
vs.
revealed
were
driven
by
taVNS
(strong
hypothesis:
0.34,
[0.15,
0.53],
BF10
14.15)
while
provided
strong
null
0.01,
[-0.15,
0.16],
BF01=
20.7).
In
conclusion,
our
meta-analysis
highlights
differential
effects
dilation.
These
findings
underscore
relevance
optimizing
its
use
specific
applications
may
require
modulation
tonic
phasic
responses.
Psychophysiology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Aug. 21, 2024
Abstract
According
to
the
arousal
model
of
vigilance,
locus
coeruleus‐norepinephrine
(LC‐NE)
system
modulates
sustained
attention
over
long
periods
by
regulating
physiological
arousal.
Recent
research
has
proposed
that
transcutaneous
auricular
vagus
nerve
stimulation
(taVNS)
indirect
markers
LC‐NE
activity,
although
its
effects
on
vigilance
have
not
yet
been
examined.
Aiming
develop
a
safe
and
noninvasive
procedure
prevent
failures
in
prolonged
tasks,
present
study
examined
whether
taVNS
can
mitigate
loss
while
modulating
activity.
Following
preregistered
protocol
(
https://osf.io/tu2xy/
),
50
participants
completed
three
repeated
sessions
randomized
order,
which
either
active
at
individualized
intensity
set
participant,
0.5
mA
for
all
participants,
or
sham
taVNS,
was
delivered
performing
an
attentional
task
(i.e.,
ANTI‐Vea).
Changes
salivary
alpha‐amylase
cortisol
concentrations
were
measured
as
Self‐reports
feelings
associated
with
guessing
rate
active/sham
conditions
supported
efficacy
single‐blind
procedure.
Contrary
our
predictions,
observed
decrement
modulated
taVNS.
Pairwise
comparisons
showed
mitigation
reduction
across
time.
Interestingly,
Spearman's
correlational
analyses
some
interindividual
LC‐NE,
evidenced
positive
associations
between
changes
but
We
highlight
relevance
replicating
extending
outcomes,
investigating
further
parameters
other
Brain Sciences,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
14(9), P. 875 - 875
Published: Aug. 29, 2024
Transcutaneous
auricular
vagus
nerve
stimulation
(taVNS)
is
a
non-invasive
neuromodulation
technique
that
modulates
the
noradrenergic
activity
of
locus
coeruleus
(LC).
Yet,
there
still
uncertainty
about
most
effective
and
reliable
outcome
parameters.
In
double
blind,
sham-controlled
study
including
sample
healthy
young
individuals
(N
=
29),
we
compared
shorter
(3.4
s)
longer
(30
duration
investigated
effects
taVNS
(real
vs.
sham)
on
saliva
samples
(alpha
amylase
cortisol
concentration),
pupil
(pupillary
light
reflex
size
at
rest)
EEG
data
theta
rest,
ERPs
for
No-Go
signals),
cognitive
tasks
(Go/No-Go
Stop
Signal
Tasks).
Salivary
alpha
concentration
was
significantly
increased
in
real
as
to
sham
30
s
condition.
3.4
condition,
found
prolonged
reaction
times
error
rates
Go/No-Go
task
maximum
acceleration
pupillary
reflex.
For
other
outcomes,
no
significant
differences
were
found.
Our
results
show
increases
salivary
alpha-amylase,
which
expected
from
functional
properties
LC.
The
finding
response
short
not
cannot
be
explained
by
an
increase
LC
activity.
We
also
discuss
difficulties
assessing
expression
taVNS-mediated
changes.
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: April 25, 2024
Abstract
Transcutaneous
auricular
vagus
nerve
stimulation
(taVNS)
is
a
neuromodulatory
technique
that
may
have
numerous
potential
health
and
human
performance
benefits.
However,
optimal
parameters
for
maximizing
taVNS
efficacy
are
unknown.
Progress
impeded
by
disagreement
on
the
identification
of
biomarker
reliably
indexes
activation
systems
targeted
taVNS,
including
locus
coeruleus-norepinephrine
(LC-NE)
system.
Pupil
size
varies
with
LC-NE
activity
one
has
shown
inconsistent
sensitivity
to
in
prior
studies.
The
present
study
examined
relationship
between
pupil
using
promising
behavioral
effects
studies
but
received
comparatively
little
attention.
Participants
30-second
trains
50
μs
pulses
delivered
below
perceptual
threshold
at
300
Hz
left
external
acoustic
meatus
(EAM)
while
was
recorded
during
pupillary
light
reflex
task.
Analysis
generalized
additive
mixed
modelling
(GAMM)
revealed
nonlinear
intensity
diameter.
Active
increased
participants
who
2
approximately
4.8
mA,
not
higher
(up
8.1
mA).
In
addition,
persisted
subsequent
blocks,
mitigating
decreases
over
course
These
findings
suggest
activates
system
when
applied
EAM,
its
be
counteracted
intensities.
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: July 29, 2024
Abstract
The
efficacy
of
transcutaneous
auricular
vagus
nerve
stimulation
(taVNS)
as
a
non-invasive
method
to
modulate
physiological
markers
noradrenergic
activity
the
Locus
Coeruleus
(LC),
such
pupil
dilation,
is
increasingly
more
discussed.
However,
taVNS
studies
show
high
heterogeneity
effects.
Therefore,
setup
was
established
here
test
different
frequencies
(
10
Hz
and
25
)
intensities
3
mA
5
during
phasic
s
with
time-synchronous
recording
dilation
in
younger
adults.
Specifically,
real
higher
intensity
led
increased
which
consistent
invasive
VNS
animals.
results
also
suggest
that
influence
on
may
be
stronger
than
frequency.
there
an
attenuation
taVNS-induced
when
differences
perception
sensations
were
considered.
perceived
intensity.
extent
effect
induces
involvement
sensory
process
are
discussed
require
extensive
research.
Additionally,
it
crucial
strive
for
comparable
systematic
parameter
testing
order
investigate
possible
effects
detail.
Alcohol,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
114, P. 61 - 68
Published: Sept. 2, 2023
Autonomic
symptoms
in
alcohol
withdrawal
syndrome
(AWS)
are
associated
with
a
sympathetic-driven
imbalance
of
the
autonomic
nervous
system.
To
restore
balance
AWS,
novel
neuromodulatory
approaches
could
be
beneficial.
We
conducted
pilot
trial
percutaneous
auricular
vagus
nerve
stimulation
(pVNS)
AWS
and
hypothesized
that
pVNS
will
enhance
parasympathetic
tone
represented
by
reduction
pupillary
dilation
parasympatholytic
pharmacological
challenge.
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Sept. 22, 2023
Abstract
Background
Transcutaneous
auricular
vagus
nerve
stimulation
(tVNS
or
taVNS)
is
a
non-invasive
method
of
electrical
the
afferent
pathway
nerve,
suggested
to
drive
changes
in
putative
physiological
markers
noradrenergic
activity,
including
pupil
dilation.
Objective
However,
it
unknown
whether
different
taVNS
modes
can
map
onto
phasic
and
tonic
activity.
The
effects
on
dilation
humans
are
inconsistent,
largely
due
differences
protocols.
Here,
we
attempted
address
these
issues.
Methods
We
investigated
under
(1
s)
(30
taVNS,
pre-registered,
single-blind,
sham-controlled,
within-subject
cross-over
design,
absence
behavioural
task.
Results
Phasic
induced
rapid
increase
size
over
baseline,
significantly
greater
than
sham
stimulation,
which
rapidly
declined
after
offset.
Tonic
similarly
(and
larger
sham)
returning
baseline
within
5
s,
despite
ongoing
stimulation.
Thus,
both
active
closely
resembled
effect.
There
were
no
size,
sustained
size.
Conclusions
These
results
suggest
that
phasic-
tonic-like
standard
parameters
may
modulate
primarily
mode
as
indexed
by
evoked
dilation,
above
somatosensory
effects.
This
result
sheds
light
temporal
profile
with
implications
for
their
applicability
further
research.
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: May 14, 2024
Abstract
Objective
The
acquisition
of
electroencephalogram
(EEG)
data
during
neurostimulation,
particularly
concurrent
transcutaneous
electrical
stimulation
the
auricular
vagus
nerve,
introduces
unique
challenges
for
preprocessing
and
analysis
due
to
presence
significant
artifacts.
This
study
evaluates
various
denoising
techniques
address
these
effectively.
Methods
A
variety
were
investigated,
including
interpolation
methods,
spectral
filtering,
spatial
filtering
techniques.
evaluated
included
low-pass
notch
spectrum
interpolation,
average
artifact
subtraction,
Zapline
algorithm,
advanced
methods
such
as
independent
component
(ICA),
signal-space
projection
(SSP),
generalized
eigendecomposition
with
source
separation
(GED/SASS).
efficacy
algorithms
was
across
three
distinct
datasets:
simulated
data,
from
a
gelatin
phantom
model,
real
human
subject
data.
Results
Our
findings
indicate
that
GED
(SASS)
SSP
significantly
outperformed
other
in
reducing
artifacts
while
preserving
integrity
EEG
signal.
ICA
effective
too,
but
came
important
limitations.
These
demonstrated
robustness
different
types
conditions,
providing
mitigation
minimal
disruption
essential
signal
components.
Conclusion
comprehensive
demonstrates
nerve
stimulation.
offer
promising
avenues
enhancing
quality
reliability
neurostimulation-associated
facilitating
deeper
understanding
wider
applications
clinical
research
settings.
Authorea (Authorea),
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: May 27, 2024
According
to
the
arousal
model
of
vigilance,
locus
coeruleus-norepinephrine
(LC-NE)
system
modulates
sustained
attention
over
long
periods
by
regulating
physiological
arousal.
Recent
research
has
proposed
that
transcutaneous
auricular
vagus
nerve
stimulation
(taVNS)
indirect
markers
LC-NE
activity,
although
its
effects
on
vigilance
have
not
yet
been
examined.
Aiming
develop
a
safe
and
non-invasive
procedure
prevent
failures
in
prolonged
tasks,
present
study
examined
possibility
mitigate
loss
stimulating
via
taVNS.
Following
pre-registered
protocol
(https://osf.io/tu2xy/),
50
participants
completed
three
repeated-sessions
randomized
order
which
either
active
taVNS
at
individualized
intensity
set
participant,
0.5
mA
for
all
participants,
or
sham
taVNS,
was
delivered
while
performing
an
attentional
task
(i.e.,
ANTI-Vea).
Changes
salivary
alpha-amylase
cortisol
concentrations
were
measured
as
activity.
Self-reports
feelings
associated
with
guessing
rate
active/sham
conditions
supported
efficacy
single-blind
procedure.
Contrary
our
predictions,
observed
decrement
modulated
Pairwise
comparisons
showed
mitigation
reduction
across
time.
Interestingly,
Spearman’s
correlational
analyses
some
inter-individual
LC-NE,
evidenced
positive
associations
between
changes
but
We
highlight
relevance
replicating
extending
outcomes,
investigating
further
parameters
other
