Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
12
Published: June 15, 2022
The
human
gut
microbiome
is
important
for
health.
development
of
stable
microbial
communities
in
the
gastrointestinal
tract
closely
related
to
early
growth
and
host
immunity.
After
birth
a
baby,
immune
cells
mature
parallel
adapt
complex
environment.
linked
system
influences
each
other.
This
interaction
associated
with
various
diseases
infants
young
children,
such
as
asthma,
food
allergies,
necrotizing
colitis,
obesity,
inflammatory
bowel
disease.
Thus,
composition
infant
can
predict
risk
disease
progression.
At
same
time,
be
regulated
many
ways
used
prevent
treat
by
modulating
microbiome.
most
impacts
on
microbiota
are
maternal,
including
delivery
feeding.
differences
reflect
maternal
microbiota,
which
turn
reflects
given
population,
clinically
significant.
Gut Microbes,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
15(1)
Published: March 17, 2023
Human
milk
oligosaccharides
(HMOs)
are
the
third
most
important
solid
component
in
human
and
act
tandem
with
other
bioactive
components.
Individual
HMO
levels
distribution
vary
greatly
between
mothers
by
multiple
variables,
such
as
secretor
status,
race,
geographic
region,
environmental
conditions,
season,
maternal
diet,
weight,
gestational
age
mode
of
delivery.
HMOs
improve
gastrointestinal
barrier
also
promote
a
bifidobacterium-rich
gut
microbiome,
which
protects
against
infection,
strengthens
epithelial
barrier,
creates
immunomodulatory
metabolites.
fulfil
variety
physiologic
functions
including
potential
support
to
immune
system,
brain
development,
cognitive
function.
Supplementing
infant
formula
is
safe
promotes
healthy
development
revealing
benefits
for
microbiota
composition
infection
prevention.
Because
limited
data
comparing
effect
non-human
HMOs,
it
not
known
if
offer
an
additional
clinical
benefit
over
oligosaccharides.
Better
knowledge
factors
influencing
their
will
help
understand
short-
long-term
benefits.
Nutrients,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
16(3), P. 400 - 400
Published: Jan. 30, 2024
The
infant
gut
microbiome
plays
a
key
role
in
the
healthy
development
of
human
organism
and
appears
to
be
influenced
by
dietary
practices
through
multiple
pathways.
First,
maternal
diet
during
pregnancy
nutrition
significantly
influence
microbiota.
Moreover,
breastfeeding
fosters
proliferation
beneficial
bacteria,
while
formula
feeding
increases
microbial
diversity.
timing
introducing
solid
foods
also
influences
microbiota
composition.
In
preterm
infants
is
factors,
including
time
since
birth
intake
breast
milk,
interventions
such
as
probiotics
prebiotics
supplementation
show
promising
results
reducing
morbidity
mortality
this
population.
These
findings
underscore
need
for
future
research
understand
long-term
health
impacts
these
further
strategies
enrich
formula-fed
infants.
Frontiers in Immunology,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
15
Published: Jan. 14, 2025
Human
milk
oligosaccharides
(HMOs)
are
abundant,
diverse
and
complex
sugars
present
in
human
breast
milk.
HMOs
well-characterized
barriers
to
microbial
infection
by
modulating
the
microbiome
they
also
thought
be
nutritionally
beneficial
infant.
The
structural
variety
of
over
200
HMOs,
including
neutral,
fucosylated
sialylated
forms,
allows
them
interact
with
immune
system
various
ways.
Clinically,
impact
allergic
diseases,
reducing
autoimmune
inflammatory
responses,
offer
support
preterm
infant
health.
This
review
examines
HMO
composition
associated
immunomodulatory
effects,
interactions
cell
receptors
gut-associated
responses.
These
properties
highlight
potential
for
use
early
stage
development
as
novel
immunotherapeutics.
research
is
rapidly
evolving
promises
innovative
treatments
immune-related
conditions
improved
health
outcomes.
Beneficial Microbes,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
13(2), P. 95 - 168
Published: June 18, 2022
Together
with
proteins
and
fats,
carbohydrates
are
one
of
the
macronutrients
in
human
diet.
Digestible
carbohydrates,
such
as
starch,
starch-based
products,
sucrose,
lactose,
glucose
some
sugar
alcohols
unusual
(and
fairly
rare)
α-linked
glucans,
directly
provide
us
energy
while
other
including
high
molecular
weight
polysaccharides,
mainly
from
plant
cell
walls,
dietary
fibre.
Carbohydrates
which
efficiently
digested
small
intestine
not
available
appreciable
quantities
to
act
substrates
for
gut
bacteria.
Some
oligo-
many
also
fibres,
resistant
digestion
intestines
enter
colon
where
they
complex
bacterial
ecosystem
that
resides
there.
This
review
will
focus
on
these
non-digestible
(NDC)
examine
their
impact
microbiota
physiological
impact.
Of
particular
be
potential
prebiotics,
but
evaluate
direct
effects
NDC
cells
systems.
Nutrients,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
14(7), P. 1498 - 1498
Published: April 2, 2022
Immune
system
maturation
begins
early
in
life,
but
few
studies
have
examined
how
early-life
gut
microbiota
colonization
educates
the
neonatal
immune
system.
Bifidobacteria
predominate
intestines
of
breastfed
infants
and
metabolize
human
milk
oligosaccharides.
This
glycolytic
activity
alters
intestinal
microenvironment
consequently
stimulates
at
stage.
However,
provided
mechanistic
insights
into
contribution
‘infant-type’
Bifidobacterium
species,
especially
via
metabolites
such
as
short-chain
fatty
acids.
In
this
review,
we
highlight
first
1000
days
which
provide
a
window
opportunity
for
infant-type
bifidobacteria
to
educate
Furthermore,
discuss
instrumental
role
education
by
inducing
tolerance
suppressing
inflammation,
potential
underlying
mechanism
effect
life.
We
also
summarize
recent
research
that
suggests
administration
helps
modify
microecology
prevent
progress
immune-mediated
disorders.
FEMS Microbiology Reviews,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
47(6)
Published: Oct. 4, 2023
Abstract
A
number
of
bacterial
species
are
found
in
high
abundance
the
faeces
healthy
breast-fed
infants,
an
occurrence
that
is
understood
to
be,
at
least
part,
due
ability
these
bacteria
metabolize
human
milk
oligosaccharides
(HMOs).
HMOs
third
most
abundant
component
after
lactose
and
lipids,
represent
complex
sugars
which
possess
unique
structural
diversity
resistant
infant
gastrointestinal
digestion.
Thus,
reach
distal
intestine
intact,
thereby
serving
as
a
fermentable
substrate
for
specific
intestinal
microbes,
including
Firmicutes,
Proteobacteria,
especially
infant-associated
Bifidobacterium
spp.
help
shape
gut
microbiome.
Bacteria
utilising
equipped
with
genes
associated
their
degradation
carbohydrate-active
enzymes
known
glycoside
hydrolase
have
been
identified
gut,
supports
this
hypothesis.
The
resulting
degraded
can
also
be
used
growth
substrates
other
present
microbe-microbe
interaction
‘cross-feeding’.
This
review
describes
current
knowledge
on
HMO
metabolism
by
particular
gut-associated
bacteria,
many
currently
commercial
probiotics,
distinct
strategies
employed
individual
utilisation.
Foods,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
13(6), P. 907 - 907
Published: March 16, 2024
A
strong
correlation
between
the
occurrence
of
various
pathological
conditions
and
intestinal
dysbiosis
is
supported
by
a
range
evidence.
Vice
versa,
many
pathologies
have
been
shown,
in
turn,
to
be
responsible
for
alterations
gut
microbiota,
condition
that
can
worsen
illness
outcomes
response
therapies.
For
these
reasons,
great
efforts
made,
studies
are
still
ongoing,
elucidate
mechanisms
underlying
microbiota
search
pharmacologic
or
other
strategies
effectively
restore
microbiota.
In
this
narrative
review,
we
examined
most
significant
literature
on
role
some
milk
bioactive
compounds,
such
as
oligosaccharides
whey
proteins,
modulating
composition
action,
with
aim
investigating
impact
changes
mediated
molecules
human
health,
their
potential
use
therapeutics
treat
adjuvate
treatment
associated
pathologies.
