ChemistrySelect,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
9(4)
Published: Jan. 22, 2024
Abstract
Efficiently
constructing
structures
with
high
thermal
stability
is
a
key
objective
in
the
development
of
energetic
compounds.
However,
existing
synthesis
processes
for
heat‐resistant
materials
are
frequently
hampered
by
their
complexity
and
low
yields.
This
study
presents
significant
breakthrough
addressing
these
challenges.
It
successfully
synthesizes
4‐amino‐5‐(3‐amino‐1
H
‐pyrazole‐4‐yl)‐2,4‐dihydro‐3
‐1,2,4‐triazol‐3‐one
(APTO)
using
streamlined
two‐step
process,
achieving
an
impressive
yield
87.5
%.
The
structure
was
determined
through
X‐ray
single
crystal
diffraction
analysis,
revealing
nearly
planar
intramolecular
structure.
Hirshfeld
surface
weak
interaction
aromaticity
analysis
were
conducted,
illustrating
substantial
presence
hydrogen
bonds
π
‐
stacking
interactions
within
between
molecules.
These
contribute
significantly
to
exceptional
ATPO.
Furthermore,
ATPO
confirmed
DSC
exhibiting
decomposition
temperature
as
365.2°C.
surpasses
that
explosive
HNS
(325°C),
further
validating
its
excellent
stability.
construction
this
conjugated
offers
valuable
guidance
future
structural
design
materials.
opens
up
possibilities
novel
compounds
improved
based
on
similar
architectures.
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
15(35), P. 41580 - 41589
Published: Aug. 23, 2023
A
series
of
high-nitrogen
compounds,
including
a
unique
molecule
2,2'-azobis(1,5'-bitetrazole)
with
branched
N10
chain
and
1,5'-bitetrazolate-2N-oxides,
were
synthesized
successfully
based
on
C-N-linked
1,5'-bistetrazoles
using
azo
coupling
N-amine
bonds
N-oxide
introduction
strategies.
All
compounds
characterized
by
NMR
spectroscopy,
IR
elemental
analysis,
differential
scanning
calorimetry,
in
which
the
structures
five
further
determined
single-crystal
X-ray
diffraction
analysis
(2,
T-N10B,
3a,
3b,
THX).
The
nitrogen
contents
these
range
from
63.62
(THX)
to
83.43%
(T-N10B),
are
much
higher
than
that
CL-20
(38.34%).
heat
formation
for
prepared
was
calculated
Gaussian
09
program,
T-N10B
having
highest
value
5.13
kJ
g-1,
about
6
times
(0.83
g-1).
detonation
performances
EXPLO5
v6.05.04
show
THX
has
excellent
performance
(D
=
9581
m
s-1,
P
35.93
GPa)
remarkable
specific
impulse
(Isp
284.9
s).
Journal of Materials Chemistry A,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
12(17), P. 10050 - 10058
Published: Jan. 1, 2024
A
zwitterionic
fused-ring
based
energetic
material
(ZDPT)
was
prepared.
ZDPT
has
excellent
thermal
stability
(
T
d
=
347
°C
)
and
great
detonation
velocity
D
8390
m
s
−1
),
which
endow
with
potential
as
a
heat-resistant
material.
Organic Letters,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Jan. 14, 2025
Energetic
materials
containing
a
pyrazolotriazine
oxide
skeleton
have
the
potential
for
high
performance.
However,
research
on
is
very
limited
due
to
inherent
ring
system
instability
and
synthetic
approaches.
In
this
paper,
APTO
OPTO
with
combination
of
high-nitrogen
tetrazole
promising
azido-pyrazolotriazine
been
synthesized.
Of
these,
its
energetic
salts
exhibit
excellent
detonation
properties
(Dv
>
8220
m
s–1;
P
26.50
GPa).
Surprisingly,
exhibits
performance
=
8913
32.43
GPa)
comparable
that
RDX.
Journal of Materials Chemistry A,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
12(22), P. 13231 - 13239
Published: Jan. 1, 2024
Two
high-performance
heat-resistant
energetic
materials
were
developed
via
a
synergistic
strategy
of
designing
hydrogen
bonding
networks
and
expanding
the
π-conjugation
system.
Journal of Materials Chemistry A,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
12(28), P. 17714 - 17729
Published: Jan. 1, 2024
A
library
of
energetic
materials
synthesized
from
3-amino-4-cyanofurazan
has
been
disclosed,
in
which
compound
7
is
a
unique
example
an
with
fluorescence,
opens
the
door
for
many
new
applications.
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
16(37), P. 49434 - 49441
Published: Sept. 4, 2024
In
recent
years,
driven
by
ever-increasing
application
of
energetic
materials
in
deep-seated
mineral
resource
exploitation
and
aerospace
engineering,
the
mining
advanced
safe
with
significant
thermal
stability
has
drawn
widespread
publicity.
Here,
a
tricyclic
bridged
compound
2-amino-4,6-bis(3,5-diamino-4-nitropyrazol-1-yl)-1,3,5-triazine
(
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
14(33), P. 37975 - 37981
Published: Aug. 11, 2022
Thermal
stability
is
one
of
the
most
significant
properties
for
safety
energetic
materials,
finding
a
stable
skeleton
with
suitable
groups
always
primary
test.
In
this
work,
an
unusual
aminohydrazone
cyclization
strategy
was
used
in
synthesis
new
series
gem-dinitro
1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-b][1,2,4,5]-tetrazine
compounds
desirable
thermal
(≥197
°C).
All
were
fully
characterized
by
infrared
(IR),
NMR,
differential
scanning
calorimetry,
single
crystal
X-ray
diffraction,
and
elemental
analysis.
The
decomposition
temperature
potassium
salt
2
288
°C,
reaching
level
HMX.
these
performances
have
demonstrated
effective
innovatively
combining
geminal
dinitro
fused
rings.
Journal of Materials Chemistry A,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
11(25), P. 13564 - 13569
Published: Jan. 1, 2023
Here
is
described
the
first
synthesis
of
5-hydrazino-3-nitro-1,2,4-triazole
(HNT),
as
a
free
base,
from
5-bromo-3-nitro-1,2,4-triazole
(BNT)
in
three
steps.
The Journal of Physical Chemistry C,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
127(38), P. 18832 - 18842
Published: Sept. 14, 2023
In
this
paper,
we
investigate
the
utilization
of
high-throughput
virtual
screening
(HTVS)
to
identify
and
develop
novel
heat-resistant
high
explosives
(HRHEs)
that
possess
a
decomposition
temperature
exceeding
300
°C
detonation
velocity
surpassing
8000
m·s–1.
To
achieve
this,
constructed
molecular
library
composed
pyrimidine
as
parent
ring
various
five-membered
heterocycles
guest
rings
connected
by
an
amino
bridge.
The
GFN-xTB
method,
extended
tight
binding
is
employed
facilitate
geometry
optimization
vibrational
analysis,
thereby
enabling
application
more
precise
versatile
quantum
chemical
calculation
in
HTVS
workflow.
Our
efforts
resulted
synthesis
three
compounds
exhibited
remarkable
stability
with
temperatures
320
°C,
suggesting
their
potential
HRHEs.
Notably,
compound
K19-21
demonstrated
324.6
8293
m·s–1,
both
2,2′,4,4′,6,6′-hexanitrostilbene
(HNS)
2,6-bis(picrylamino)-3,5-dinitropyridine
(PYX)
rivaling
l,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene
(TATB).
These
results
support
efficacy
our
design
concepts
Overall,
study
underscores
importance
accelerating
discovery
new
materials
possessing
desired
properties,
especially
field
energetic
materials.
Crystal Growth & Design,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
23(7), P. 4970 - 4978
Published: June 2, 2023
In
this
work,
a
combined
strategy
of
bridging
two
tetrazolo[1,5-b]pyridazine
rings
and
introducing
intramolecular
hydrogen
bonds
(N–H···O)
with
hydrazo
group
was
developed
to
construct
new
high-energy
heat-resistant
energetic
compound
named
6,6′-hydrazo-bis(8-amino-7-nitrotetrazolo[1,5-b]pyridazine)
(1).
Its
dehydrogenated
derivative
6,6′-azo-bis(8-amino-7-nitrotetrazolo[1,5-b]pyridazine)
(2),
which
had
fewer
(N–H···O),
also
synthesized
for
comparison.
Compounds
1
2
were
characterized
by
high-resolution
mass
spectrometry,
nuclear
magnetic
resonance,
single-crystal
X-ray
diffraction,
infrared
spectroscopy,
elemental
analysis.
Their
properties,
such
as
densities
(ρ:
1.87
g·cm–3
1,
1.77
2),
heat
formation
values
(ΔHf:
1079
kJ·mol–1
1235
detonation
velocities
(Dv:
9064
m·s–1
8429
pressures
(P:
35.2
GPa
27.8
decomposition
temperatures
(Td:
292
°C
260
impact
sensitivities
(IS:
16
J
4
friction
(FS:
>360
N
160
tested.
These
results
suggest
that
is
promising
thermally
stable
material.