Molecules,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
28(2), P. 777 - 777
Published: Jan. 12, 2023
In
this
work,
we
employed
EEM-PARAFAC
(fluorescence
excitation-emission
matrices-parallel
factor
analysis)
as
a
low-cost
tool
to
study
the
oxidation
pathways
of
(fluoro)quinolones.
Amounts
12.5
μM
enrofloxacin
(ENR),
ciprofloxacin
(CIP),
ofloxacin
(OFL),
oxolinic
acid
(OA),
and
flumequine
(FLU),
individual
solutions,
were
irradiated
under
UVA
light.
A
5-component
PARAFAC
model
was
obtained,
four
them
related
parent
pollutants,
named
ENR-like
(including
CIP),
OFL-like,
OA-like,
FLU-like,
an
additional
one
photoproducts,
called
ENRox-like
(with
emission
red-shift
with
respect
component).
Mass
spectrometry
correlate
five
components
their
plausible
molecular
structures.
Results
indicated
that
photoproducts
presenting:
(i)
hydroxylation
or
alkyl
cleavages
exhibited
fingerprints
analogous
those
pollutants;
(ii)
defluorination
emitted
within
region;
(iii)
aforementioned
changes
plus
piperazine
ring
cleavage
OA-like
region.
Afterwards,
antibiotics
mixed
in
single
solution
(each
at
concentration
0.25
μM)
seawater,
being
also
able
deconvolute
fingerprint
humic-like
substances.
This
approach
could
be
potential
game
changer
analysis
(fluorescent)
contaminants
emerging
concern
removals
complex
matrices,
giving
rapid
visual
insights
into
degradation
pathways.
Sustainability,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
15(18), P. 13853 - 13853
Published: Sept. 18, 2023
Considerable
changes
have
been
observed
in
surface
waters’
quality
recent
years.
They
include
an
increase
dissolved
organic
carbon
(DOC)
concentrations,
as
well
a
shift
of
natural
matter
(NOM)
composition
favor
low
molecular
weight
(LMW),
and
they
are
expected
to
occur
on
wider
scale
the
future.
Those
predictions
particularly
worrying
given
importance
water
main
potable
source
for
numerous
communities
across
globe.
Conventional
methods
treatment
drinking
purposes
mostly
focus
process
coagulation.
The
progressing
waters,
however,
render
conventional
via
coagulation
inefficient.
issue
presence
sources,
its
anticipated
changes,
related
problems
all
complex
pressing
matters
that
need
addressing.
This
paper
aims
provide
critical
review
findings
regarding
NOM
removal
reference
current
NOM-related
issues
their
potential
solutions.
discusses
application
different
types
coagulants,
respective
advantages
disadvantages.
Coagulation-integrated
processes
including
adsorption,
membrane
filtration,
biological
processes,
oxidation
also
addressed.
Lastly,
insights
future
approach
discussed
conclusions
presented.
