Cell Host & Microbe,
Journal Year:
2016,
Volume and Issue:
19(3), P. 311 - 322
Published: March 1, 2016
Human
immunodeficiency
virus
(HIV)
infection
is
associated
with
increased
intestinal
translocation
of
microbial
products
and
enteropathy
as
well
alterations
in
gut
bacterial
communities.
However,
whether
the
enteric
virome
contributes
to
this
resulting
remains
unknown.
We
characterized
microbiome
a
cohort
Ugandan
patients,
including
HIV-uninfected
or
HIV-infected
subjects
those
either
treated
anti-retroviral
therapy
(ART)
untreated.
Low
peripheral
CD4
T
cell
counts
were
an
expansion
adenovirus
sequences
increase
was
independent
ART
treatment.
Additionally,
patients
lower
exhibited
reduced
phylogenetic
diversity
richness
specific
bacteria
showing
differential
abundance,
increases
Enterobacteriaceae,
which
have
been
inflammation.
Thus,
progressive
HIV
microbiome,
may
contribute
AIDS-associated
disease
progression.
Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews,
Journal Year:
2017,
Volume and Issue:
81(4)
Published: Nov. 8, 2017
SUMMARY
The
human
gut
microbiota
is
engaged
in
multiple
interactions
affecting
host
health
during
the
host's
entire
life
span.
Microbes
colonize
neonatal
immediately
following
birth.
establishment
and
interactive
development
of
this
early
are
believed
to
be
(at
least
partially)
driven
modulated
by
specific
compounds
present
milk.
It
has
been
shown
that
certain
genomes
infant
commensals,
particular
those
bifidobacterial
species,
genetically
adapted
utilize
glycans
secretory
fluid,
thus
representing
a
very
intriguing
example
host-microbe
coevolution,
where
both
partners
benefit.
In
recent
years,
various
metagenomic
studies
have
tried
dissect
composition
functionality
microbiome
explore
distribution
across
different
ecological
niches
biogeography
corresponding
microbial
consortia,
including
bacteria
viruses,
healthy
ill
subjects.
Such
analyses
linked
features
microbiota/microbiome,
such
as
reduced
diversity
or
aberrant
composition,
intestinal
illnesses
infants
disease
states
manifested
at
later
stages
life,
asthma,
inflammatory
bowel
disease,
metabolic
disorders.
Thus,
growing
number
reported
on
how
composition/development
may
affect
risk
factors
related
adult
conditions.
This
concept
fueled
strategies
shape
based
functional
food
products.
review,
we
describe
microbiota,
mechanisms
drive
its
consortia
molded
natural
artificial
interventions.
Finally,
discuss
relevance
key
players
bifidobacteria,
with
respect
their
role
disease.
Genome Medicine,
Journal Year:
2016,
Volume and Issue:
8(1)
Published: April 27, 2016
Humans
are
virtually
identical
in
their
genetic
makeup,
yet
the
small
differences
our
DNA
give
rise
to
tremendous
phenotypic
diversity
across
human
population.
By
contrast,
metagenome
of
microbiome—the
total
content
microbes
inhabiting
bodies—is
quite
a
bit
more
variable,
with
only
third
its
constituent
genes
found
majority
healthy
individuals.
Understanding
this
variability
“healthy
microbiome”
has
thus
been
major
challenge
microbiome
research,
dating
back
at
least
1960s,
continuing
through
Human
Microbiome
Project
and
beyond.
Cataloguing
necessary
sufficient
sets
features
that
support
health,
normal
ranges
these
populations,
is
an
essential
first
step
identifying
correcting
microbial
configurations
implicated
disease.
Toward
goal,
several
population-scale
studies
have
documented
both
taxonomic
compositions
functional
potentials
normally
observed
microbiomes
along
possible
driving
factors
such
as
geography,
diet,
lifestyle.
Here,
we
review
definitions
‘healthy
microbiome’
emerged,
current
understanding
diversity,
gaps
characterization
molecular
function
development
ecological
therapies
be
addressed
future.
