The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis

Physiological Reviews, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 99(4), P. 1877 - 2013

Published: Aug. 28, 2019

The importance of the gut-brain axis in maintaining homeostasis has long been appreciated. However, past 15 yr have seen emergence microbiota (the trillions microorganisms within and on our bodies) as one key regulators function led to appreciation a distinct microbiota-gut-brain axis. This is gaining ever more traction fields investigating biological physiological basis psychiatric, neurodevelopmental, age-related, neurodegenerative disorders. brain communicate with each other via various routes including immune system, tryptophan metabolism, vagus nerve enteric nervous involving microbial metabolites such short-chain fatty acids, branched chain amino peptidoglycans. Many factors can influence composition early life, infection, mode birth delivery, use antibiotic medications, nature nutritional provision, environmental stressors, host genetics. At extreme diversity diminishes aging. Stress, particular, significantly impact at all stages life. Much recent work implicated gut many conditions autism, anxiety, obesity, schizophrenia, Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease. Animal models paramount linking regulation fundamental neural processes, neurogenesis myelination, microbiome activation microglia. Moreover, translational human studies are ongoing will greatly enhance field. Future focus understanding mechanisms underlying attempt elucidate microbial-based intervention therapeutic strategies for neuropsychiatric

Language: Английский

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The Human Intestinal Microbiome in Health and Disease

New England Journal of Medicine, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 375(24), P. 2369 - 2379

Published: Dec. 14, 2016

The large majority of studies on the role microbiome in pathogenesis disease are correlative and preclinical; several have influenced clinical practice.

Language: Английский

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Environment dominates over host genetics in shaping human gut microbiota

Nature, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 555(7695), P. 210 - 215

Published: Feb. 28, 2018

Language: Английский

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Formation of propionate and butyrate by the human colonic microbiota

Environmental Microbiology, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 19(1), P. 29 - 41

Published: Nov. 5, 2016

Summary The human gut microbiota ferments dietary non‐digestible carbohydrates into short‐chain fatty acids (SCFA). These microbial products are utilized by the host and propionate butyrate in particular exert a range of health‐promoting functions. Here an overview metabolic pathways microbes to produce these two SCFA from amino resulting protein breakdown is provided. This emphasizes important role played cross‐feeding intermediary metabolites (in lactate, succinate 1,2‐propanediol) between different bacteria. ecophysiology, including growth requirements responses environmental factors, major producing bacteria discussed relation modulation metabolites. A detailed understanding metabolism necessary underpin effective strategies optimize supply host.

Language: Английский

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Population-level analysis of gut microbiome variation

Science, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 352(6285), P. 560 - 564

Published: April 28, 2016

“Normal” for the gut microbiota For benefit of future clinical studies, it is critical to establish what constitutes a “normal” microbiome, if exists at all. Through fecal samples and questionnaires, Falony et al. Zhernakova targeted general populations in Belgium Netherlands, respectively. Gut composition correlated with range factors including diet, use medication, red blood cell counts, chromogranin A, stool consistency. The data give some hints possible biomarkers normal communities. Science , this issue pp. 560 565

Language: Английский

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Microbiota in health and diseases

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 7(1)

Published: April 23, 2022

Abstract The role of microbiota in health and diseases is being highlighted by numerous studies since its discovery. Depending on the localized regions, can be classified into gut, oral, respiratory, skin microbiota. microbial communities are symbiosis with host, contributing to homeostasis regulating immune function. However, dysbiosis lead dysregulation bodily functions including cardiovascular (CVDs), cancers, respiratory diseases, etc. In this review, we discuss current knowledge how links host or pathogenesis. We first summarize research healthy conditions, gut-brain axis, colonization resistance modulation. Then, highlight pathogenesis disease development progression, primarily associated community composition, modulation response, induction chronic inflammation. Finally, introduce clinical approaches that utilize for treatment, such as fecal transplantation.

Language: Английский

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The neuroactive potential of the human gut microbiota in quality of life and depression

Nature Microbiology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 4(4), P. 623 - 632

Published: Feb. 4, 2019

Language: Английский

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Metformin alters the gut microbiome of individuals with treatment-naive type 2 diabetes, contributing to the therapeutic effects of the drug

Nature Medicine, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 23(7), P. 850 - 858

Published: May 22, 2017

Language: Английский

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The gut microbiome in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 8(1)

Published: Oct. 4, 2017

The gut microbiota has been linked to cardiovascular diseases. However, the composition and functional capacity of microbiome in relation diseases have not systematically examined. Here, we perform a metagenome-wide association study on stools from 218 individuals with atherosclerotic disease (ACVD) 187 healthy controls. ACVD deviates status by increased abundance Enterobacteriaceae Streptococcus spp. and, functionally, potential for metabolism or transport several molecules important health. Although drug treatment represents confounding factor, status, current use, is major distinguishing feature this cohort. We identify common themes comparison data associated other cardiometabolic (obesity type 2 diabetes), liver cirrhosis, rheumatoid arthritis. Our represent comprehensive resource further investigations role promoting preventing as well related diseases.The may play authors controls, identifying microbial strains functions disease.

Language: Английский

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Large-scale association analyses identify host factors influencing human gut microbiome composition

Nature Genetics, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 53(2), P. 156 - 165

Published: Jan. 18, 2021

Language: Английский

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