Pandemic origins and a One Health approach to preparedness and prevention: Solutions based on SARS-CoV-2 and other RNA viruses

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 119(42)

Published: Oct. 10, 2022

COVID-19 is the latest zoonotic RNA virus epidemic of concern. Learning how it began and spread will help to determine reduce risk future events. We review major outbreaks since 1967 identify common features opportunities prevent emergence, including ancestral viral origins in birds, bats, other mammals; animal reservoirs intermediate hosts; pathways for spillover community spread, leading local, regional, or international outbreaks. The increasing scientific evidence concerning Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) most consistent with a origin pathway from wildlife people via farming trade. apply what we know about these relevant, feasible, implementable interventions. three primary targets pandemic prevention preparedness: first, smart surveillance coupled epidemiological assessment across wildlife–livestock–human (One Health) interfaces; second, research enhance preparedness expedite development vaccines therapeutics; third, strategies underlying drivers influence misinformation. For all three, continued efforts improve integrate biosafety biosecurity implementation One Health approach are essential. discuss new models address challenges creating an inclusive effective governance structure, necessary stable funding cross-disciplinary collaborative research. Finally, offer recommendations feasible actions close knowledge gaps continuum response future.

Language: Английский

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Individual bat virome analysis reveals co-infection and spillover among bats and virus zoonotic potential

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: July 10, 2023

Abstract Bats are reservoir hosts for many zoonotic viruses. Despite this, relatively little is known about the diversity and abundance of viruses within individual bats, hence frequency virus co-infection spillover among them. We characterize mammal-associated in 149 bats sampled from Yunnan province, China, using an unbiased meta-transcriptomics approach. This reveals a high (simultaneous infection bat individuals by multiple viral species) animals studied, which may turn facilitate recombination reassortment. Of note, we identify five species that likely to be pathogenic humans or livestock, based on phylogenetic relatedness pathogens vitro receptor binding assays. includes novel recombinant SARS-like coronavirus closely related both SARS-CoV SARS-CoV-2. In assays indicate this can utilize human ACE2 such it increased emergence risk. Our study highlights common occurrence their implications emergence.

Language: Английский

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Virus diversity, wildlife-domestic animal circulation and potential zoonotic viruses of small mammals, pangolins and zoo animals

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: April 29, 2023

Abstract Wildlife is reservoir of emerging viruses. Here we identified 27 families mammalian viruses from 1981 wild animals and 194 zoo collected south China between 2015 2022, isolated characterized the pathogenicity eight Bats harbor high diversity coronaviruses, picornaviruses astroviruses, a potentially novel genus Bornaviridae . In addition to reported SARSr-CoV-2 HKU4-CoV-like viruses, picornavirus respiroviruses also likely circulate bats pangolins. Pikas new clade Embecovirus arenaviruses. Further, potential cross-species transmission RNA (paramyxovirus astrovirus) DNA (pseudorabies virus, porcine circovirus 2, 3 parvovirus) wildlife domestic was identified, complicating protection prevention control these diseases in animals. This study provides nuanced view frequency host-jumping events, as well assessments zoonotic risk.

Language: Английский

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Ecological countermeasures to prevent pathogen spillover and subsequent pandemics

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: March 26, 2024

Abstract Substantial global attention is focused on how to reduce the risk of future pandemics. Reducing this requires investment in prevention, preparedness, and response. Although preparedness response have received significant focus, especially prevention zoonotic spillover, remains largely absent from conversations. This oversight due part lack a clear definition guidance achieve it. To address gap, we elucidate mechanisms linking environmental change spillover using viruses bats as case study. We identify ecological interventions that can disrupt these propose policy frameworks for their implementation. Recognizing pandemics originate systems, advocate integrating approaches alongside biomedical comprehensive balanced pandemic strategy.

Language: Английский

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A strategy to assess spillover risk of bat SARS-related coronaviruses in Southeast Asia

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: Aug. 9, 2022

Emerging diseases caused by coronaviruses of likely bat origin (e.g., SARS, MERS, SADS, COVID-19) have disrupted global health and economies for two decades. Evidence suggests that some SARS-related (SARSr-CoVs) could infect people directly, their spillover is more frequent than previously recognized. Each zoonotic a novel virus represents an opportunity evolutionary adaptation further spread; therefore, quantifying the extent this may help target prevention programs. We derive current range distributions known SARSr-CoV hosts quantify overlap with human populations. then use probabilistic risk assessment data on human-bat contact, viral seroprevalence, antibody duration to estimate median 66,280 (95% CI: 65,351-67,131) are infected SARSr-CoVs annually in Southeast Asia. These geography scale can be used surveillance programs potential future bat-CoV emergence.

Language: Английский

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Want to prevent pandemics? Stop spillovers

Nature, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 605(7910), P. 419 - 422

Published: May 12, 2022

Language: Английский

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SARS‐CoV‐2 ORF3a inhibits cGAS‐STING‐mediated autophagy flux and antiviral function

Journal of Medical Virology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 95(1)

Published: Sept. 27, 2022

Abstract Recognizing aberrant cytoplasmic dsDNA and stimulating cGAS‐STING‐mediated innate immunity is essential for the host defense against viruses. Recent studies have reported that SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, responsible COVID‐19 pandemic, triggers cGAS‐STING activation. activation can trigger IRF3‐Type I interferon (IFN) autophagy‐mediated antiviral activity. Although viral evasion of STING‐triggered IFN‐mediated function has been well studied, concerning are scarce. In present study, we discovered ORF3a a unique protein interact with STING disrupt STING‐LC3 interaction, thus blocking cGAS‐STING‐induced autophagy but not IFN induction. This novel ORF3a, distinct from targeting autophagosome‐lysosome fusion, selective inhibition to facilitate replication. We also found bat induce activity despite its defect in Furthermore, coronaviruses block function. Interestingly, ability inhibit STING‐induced appears be an acquired since SARS‐CoV lacks this Taken together, these discoveries identify as potential target intervention COVID‐19.

Language: Английский

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The Ecology of Viral Emergence

Annual Review of Virology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 9(1), P. 173 - 192

Published: June 15, 2022

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had a profound impact on human health, economic well-being, and societal function. It is essential that we use this generational experience to better understand the processes underpin emergence of COVID-19 other zoonotic diseases. Herein, I review mechanisms determine why how viruses emerge in new hosts, as well barriers process. show traditional studies virus have an inherent anthropocentric bias, with humans considered inevitable outcome emergence, when reality are integral components global ecosystem characterized by continual host jumping also transmitting their animals. illustrate these points using coronaviruses, including severe acute respiratory syndrome 2, case study. outline potential steps can be followed help mitigate prevent future pandemics, combating climate change central component.

Language: Английский

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Coronavirus sampling and surveillance in bats from 1996–2019: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Nature Microbiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 8(6), P. 1176 - 1186

Published: May 25, 2023

The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 highlights a need for evidence-based strategies to monitor bat viruses. We performed systematic review coronavirus sampling (testing RNA positivity) in bats globally. identified 110 studies published between 2005 and 2020 that collectively reported positivity from 89,752 samples. compiled 2,274 records infection prevalence at the finest methodological, spatiotemporal phylogenetic level detail possible public into an open, static database named datacov, together with metadata on diagnostic methods. found substantial heterogeneity viral across studies, reflecting variation dynamics methodological differences. Meta-analysis sample type design as best predictors prevalence, virus detection maximized rectal faecal samples by repeat same site. Fewer than one five collected longitudinal data, euthanasia did not improve detection. show before pandemic was concentrated China, research gaps South Asia, Americas sub-Saharan Africa, subfamilies phyllostomid bats. propose surveillance should address these global health security enable origins zoonotic coronaviruses be identified.

Language: Английский

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Key Aspects of Coronavirus Avian Infectious Bronchitis Virus

Pathogens, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(5), P. 698 - 698

Published: May 11, 2023

Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is an enveloped and positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus. IBV was the first coronavirus to be discovered predominantly causes respiratory disease in commercial poultry worldwide. This review summarizes several important aspects of IBV, including epidemiology, genetic diversity, antigenic multiple system caused by as well vaccination antiviral strategies. Understanding these areas will provide insight into mechanism pathogenicity immunoprotection may improve prevention control strategies for disease.

Language: Английский

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