Exposure to Artificial Light at Night and the Consequences for Flora, Fauna, and Ecosystems

Frontiers in Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Nov. 16, 2020

The present review draws together wide-ranging studies performed over the last decades that catalogue effects of artificial-light-at-night (ALAN) upon living species and their environment. We provide an overview tremendous variety light-detection strategies which have evolved in organisms - unicellular, plants animals, covering chloroplasts (plants), plethora ocular extra-ocular organs (animals). describe visual pigments permit photo-detection, paying attention to spectral characteristics, extend from ultraviolet into infrared. discuss how use light information a way crucial for development, growth survival: phototropism, phototaxis, photoperiodism, synchronization circadian clocks. These aspects are treated depth, as perturbation underlies much disruptive ALAN. goes detail on networks organisms, since these fundamental features critical importance regulating interface between environment body. Especially, hormonal synthesis secretion often under circannual control, hence clock will lead imbalance. addresses ubiquitous introduction light-emitting diode technology may exacerbate, or some cases reduce, generalized ever-increasing pollution. Numerous examples given widespread exposure ALAN is perturbing many plant animal behaviour foraging, orientation, migration, seasonal reproduction, colonization more. examine potential problems at level individual populations debate consequences ecosystems. stress, through few examples, synergistic harmful resulting impacts combined with other anthropogenic pressures, impact neuroendocrine loops vertebrates. article concludes by debating changes could be mitigated more reasonable available example restricting illumination essential areas hours, directing lighting avoid wasteful radiation selecting emissions, reduce end discussing society should take account potentially major has natural world repercussions ongoing human health welfare.

Language: Английский

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Light modulates glucose metabolism by a retina-hypothalamus-brown adipose tissue axis

Cell, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 186(2), P. 398 - 412.e17

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

Language: Английский

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Violet-light suppression of thermogenesis by opsin 5 hypothalamic neurons

Nature, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 585(7825), P. 420 - 425

Published: Sept. 2, 2020

Language: Английский

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Metabolic Implications of Exposure to Light at Night: Lessons from Animal and Human Studies

Obesity, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 28(S1)

Published: July 1, 2020

Lately, the incidence of overweight, obesity, and type 2 diabetes has shown a staggering increase. To prevent treat these conditions, one must look at their etiology. As life on earth evolved under conditions nature’s 24‐hour light/dark cycle, it seems likely that exposure to artificial light night (LAN) would affect physiology. Indeed, ample evidence LAN impacts many metabolic parameters, least partly via biological clock in suprachiasmatic nucleus hypothalamus. This review focuses impact chronic acute effects different wavelengths locomotor activity, food intake, sleep/wake body temperature, melatonin, glucocorticoids, glucose lipid metabolism. While disturbs daily rhythms experiments using short‐term also have negative metabolically active peripheral tissues. Experiments not only indicated an important role for melanopsin, photopigment found intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells, but provided each wavelength may specific energy Importantly, been homeostasis humans be associated with increased atherosclerosis.

Language: Английский

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An Expanding Role for Nonvisual Opsins in Extraocular Light Sensing Physiology

Annual Review of Vision Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 9(1), P. 245 - 267

Published: May 17, 2023

We live on a planet that is bathed in daily and seasonal sunlight cycles. In this context, terrestrial life forms have evolved mechanisms directly harness light energy (plants) or decode information for adaptive advantage. animals, the main sensors are family of G protein-coupled receptors called opsins. Opsin function best described visual sense. However, most animals also use opsins extraocular sensing behavior camouflage. While it has long been believed mammals do not an capacity, recent evidence suggests otherwise. Notably, encephalopsin (OPN3) neuropsin (OPN5) both known to mediate mice. Examples mediation include photoentrainment circadian clocks skin (by OPN5) acute light-dependent regulation metabolic pathways OPN3 OPN5). This review summarizes current findings expanding field photoreception their relevance human physiology.

Language: Английский

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Adipose tissue lipid metabolism: lipolysis

Current Opinion in Genetics & Development, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 83, P. 102114 - 102114

Published: Sept. 20, 2023

Language: Английский

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Circadian-independent light regulation of mammalian metabolism

Nature Metabolism, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 6(6), P. 1000 - 1007

Published: June 3, 2024

Language: Английский

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Recommendations for measuring and standardizing light for laboratory mammals to improve welfare and reproducibility in animal research

PLoS Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 22(3), P. e3002535 - e3002535

Published: March 12, 2024

Light enables vision and exerts widespread effects on physiology behavior, including regulating circadian rhythms, sleep, hormone synthesis, affective state, cognitive processes. Appropriate lighting in animal facilities may support welfare ensure that animals enter experiments an appropriate physiological behavioral state. Furthermore, proper consideration of light during experimentation is important both when it explicitly employed as independent variable a general feature the environment. This Consensus View discusses metrics to use for quantification nonhuman mammals their application improve quality research. It provides methods measuring these metrics, practical guidance implementation husbandry experimentation, quantitative exposure laboratory mammals. The provided has potential data contribute reduction refinement, helping more ethical use.

Language: Английский

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The widely used Ucp1-Cre transgene elicits complex developmental and metabolic phenotypes

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16(1)

Published: Jan. 17, 2025

Bacterial artificial chromosome transgenic models, including most Cre-recombinases, enable potent interrogation of gene function in vivo but require rigorous validation as limitations emerge. Due to its high relevance metabolic studies, we perform comprehensive analysis the Ucp1-CreEvdr line which is widely used for brown fat research. Hemizygotes exhibit major and white transcriptomic dysregulation, indicating potential altered tissue function. homozygotes also show mortality, specific growth defects, craniofacial abnormalities. Mapping transgene insertion site reveals 1 accompanied by large genomic alterations disrupting several genes expressed a range tissues. Notably, retains an extra Ucp1 copy that may be highly under thermogenic burden. Our multi-faceted highlights complex phenotype arising from presence independently intended genetic manipulations. Overall, mice imperative maximize discovery while mitigating unexpected, off-target effects.

Language: Английский

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Hypothalamic opsin 3 suppresses MC4R signaling and potentiates Kir7.1 to promote food consumption

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 122(8)

Published: Feb. 14, 2025

Mammalian opsin 3 (OPN3) is a member of the family G-protein-coupled receptors with ambiguous light sensitivity. OPN3 was first identified in brain (and named encephalopsin) and subsequently found to be expressed other tissues. In adipocytes, necessary for responses that modulate lipolysis glucose uptake, while human skin melanocytes regulates pigmentation light-independent manner. Despite its initial discovery brain, functional mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we investigated molecular mechanism function paraventricular nucleus (PVN) hypothalamus. We show Opn3 coexpressed melanocortin 4 receptor (Mc4r) population PVN neurons, where it negatively MC4R-mediated cAMP signaling specific Gαi/o-dependent Under baseline conditions, via Gαi/o potentiates activity inward rectifying Kir7.1 channel, previously shown closed response agonist-mediated activation MC4R Gαs-independent mice, Mc4r-expressing neurons food consumption. Our results reveal mechanistic insight into hypothalamus, uncovering unique by which functions potentiate regulate signaling, thereby promoting intake.

Language: Английский

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