Bioelectronics for electrical stimulation: materials, devices and biomedical applications

Chemical Society Reviews, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 53(17), P. 8632 - 8712

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Bioelectronics is a hot research topic, yet an important tool, as it facilitates the creation of advanced medical devices that interact with biological systems to effectively diagnose, monitor and treat broad spectrum health conditions. Electrical stimulation (ES) pivotal technique in bioelectronics, offering precise, non-pharmacological means modulate control processes across molecular, cellular, tissue, organ levels. This method holds potential restore or enhance physiological functions compromised by diseases injuries integrating sophisticated electrical signals, device interfaces, designs tailored specific mechanisms. review explains mechanisms which ES influences cellular behaviors, introduces essential principles, discusses performance requirements for optimal systems, highlights representative applications. From this review, we can realize based bioelectronics therapy, regenerative medicine rehabilitation engineering technologies, ranging from tissue neurological modulation cardiovascular cognitive functions. underscores versatility various biomedical contexts emphasizes need adapt complex clinical landscapes addresses.

Language: Английский

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Flexible electrode materials for emerging electronics: materials, fabrication and applications

Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(32), P. 20606 - 20637

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

This paper reviews the progress of flexible electrodes in recent years, including substrates, active materials, manufacturing methods, and their latest applications sensors, energy storage, medical healthcare.

Language: Английский

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Interfacing with the Brain: How Nanotechnology Can Contribute

ACS Nano, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 10, 2025

Interfacing artificial devices with the human brain is central goal of neurotechnology. Yet, our imaginations are often limited by currently available paradigms and technologies. Suggestions for brain-machine interfaces have changed over time, along technology. Mechanical levers cable winches were used to move parts during mechanical age. Sophisticated electronic wiring remote control arisen age, ultimately leading plug-and-play computer interfaces. Nonetheless, brains so complex that these visions, until recently, largely remained unreachable dreams. The general problem, thus far, most technology mechanically and/or electrically engineered, whereas a living, dynamic entity. As result, worlds difficult interface one another. Nanotechnology, which encompasses engineered solid-state objects integrated circuits, excels at small length scales single few hundred nanometers and, thus, matches sizes biomolecules, biomolecular assemblies, cells. Consequently, we envision nanomaterials nanotools as opportunities in alternative ways. Here, review existing literature on use nanotechnology look forward discussing perspectives limitations based authors' expertise across range complementary disciplines─from neuroscience, engineering, physics, chemistry biology medicine, science mathematics, social jurisprudence. We focus but also include information from related fields when useful complementary.

Language: Английский

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Recent Progress in Flexible Microelectrode Arrays for Combined Electrophysiological and Electrochemical Sensing

Biosensors, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(2), P. 100 - 100

Published: Feb. 10, 2025

Understanding brain function requires advanced neural probes to monitor electrical and chemical signaling across multiple timescales regions. Microelectrode arrays (MEAs) are widely used record neurophysiological activity various depths regions, providing single-unit resolution for extended periods. Recent advancements in flexible MEAs, built on micrometer-thick polymer substrates, have improved integration with tissue by mimicking the brain's soft nature, reducing mechanical trauma inflammation. These flexible, subcellular-scale MEAs can stable signals months, making them ideal long-term studies. In addition recording, been functionalized electrochemical neurotransmitter detection. Electroactive neurotransmitters, such as dopamine, serotonin, adenosine, be directly measured via methods, particularly carbon-based surfaces. For non-electroactive neurotransmitters like acetylcholine, glutamate, γ-aminobutyric acid, alternative strategies, enzyme immobilization aptamer-based recognition, employed generate signals. This review highlights recent developments MEA fabrication functionalization achieve both electrophysiological recordings, minimizing sensor fowling damage when implanted long-term. It covers multi-time scale detection, development of conducting nanomaterial composite coatings enhance sensitivity, incorporation recognition carbon electrodes MEAs. Finally, it summarizes strategies acquire measurements from same device.

Language: Английский

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Activity-dependent recruitment of inhibition and excitation in the awake mammalian cortex during electrical stimulation

Neuron, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 112(5), P. 821 - 834.e4

Published: Dec. 21, 2023

Language: Английский

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Spatial control of doping in conducting polymers enables complementary, conformable, implantable internal ion-gated organic electrochemical transistors

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16(1)

Published: Jan. 9, 2025

Abstract Complementary transistors are critical for circuits with compatible input/output signal dynamic range and polarity. Organic electronics offer biocompatibility conformability; however, generation of complementary organic requires introduction separate materials inadequate stability potential tissue toxicity, limiting their use in biomedical applications. Here, we discovered that source/drain contact asymmetry enables spatial control de/doping creation single-material from a variety conducting polymers both carrier types. When integrated the vertical channel design internal ion reservoirs ion-gated electrochemical transistors, produced matched IGTs (cIGTs) formed high-performance conformable amplifiers 200 V/V uniform gain 2 MHz bandwidth. These showed long-term vivo stability, miniaturized biocompatible allowed implantation developing rodents to monitor network maturation. cIGTs expand standard circuit designs enhance potential.

Language: Английский

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An Implantable Biohybrid Neural Interface Toward Synaptic Deep Brain Stimulation

Advanced Functional Materials, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 9, 2025

Abstract In patients with sensory nerve loss, such as those experiencing optic damage that leads to vision the thalamus no longer receives corresponding input. To restore functional input, it is necessary bypass damaged circuits, which can be achieved by directly stimulating appropriate thalamic nuclei. However, available deep brain stimulation electrodes do not provide resolution required for effective restoration. Therefore, this work develops an implantable biohybrid neural interface aimed at innervating and synaptically targets. The combines a stretchable array aligned microfluidic axon guidance system seeded spheroids facilitate development of 3 mm long nerve‐like structure. A bioresorbable hydrogel conduit used bridge between tissue implant. Stimulation within structure in vitro use high‐density CMOS microelectrode arrays show faithful activity conduction across device. Although vivo innervation synapse formation has yet been study, implantation onto mouse cortex shows grow axons remain functionally active more than 22 days post‐implantation.

Language: Английский

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An Ultraflexible Electrode Array for Large‐Scale Chronic Recording in the Nonhuman Primate Brain

Advanced Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 10(33)

Published: Oct. 23, 2023

Single-unit (SU) recording in nonhuman primates (NHPs) is indispensible the quest of how brain works, yet electrodes currently used for NHP are limited signal longevity, stability, and spatial coverage. Using new structural materials, microfabrication, penetration techniques, we develop a mechanically robust ultraflexible, 1 µm thin electrode array (MERF) that enables pial high-density, large-scale, chronic neurons along both vertical horizontal cortical axes primate brain. Recording from three monkeys yields 2,913 SUs 1,065 functional channels (up to 240 days), with some tracked up 2 months. primary visual cortex (V1) reveals similar orientation preferences stimuli exhibited higher spike correlation. Furthermore, simultaneously recorded different layers motor (M1) show preferential firing hand movements directions. Finally, it shown linear decoder trained neuronal spiking activity across M1 during monkey's can be achieve on-line control cursor movement. Thus, MERF offers tool basic neuroscience studies brain-machine interface (BMI) applications

Language: Английский

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Miniature battery-free epidural cortical stimulators

Science Advances, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 10(15)

Published: April 12, 2024

Miniaturized neuromodulation systems could improve the safety and reduce invasiveness of bioelectronic neuromodulation. However, as implantable devices are made smaller, it becomes difficult to store enough power for long-term operation in batteries. Here, we present a battery-free epidural cortical stimulator that is only 9 millimeters width yet can safely receive wireless using magnetoelectric antennas deliver 14.5-volt stimulation bursts, which enables stimulate activity on-demand through dura. The device has digitally programmable output centimeter-scale alignment tolerances when powered by an external transmitter. We demonstrate this reliability real-world showing acute motor cortex activation human patients reliable chronic 30 days porcine model. This platform opens possibility simple surgical procedures precise

Language: Английский

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Flexible Polymer Electrodes for Stable Prosthetic Visual Perception in Mice

Advanced Healthcare Materials, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(15)

Published: Feb. 7, 2024

Brain interfaces that can stimulate neurons, cause minimal damage, and work for a long time will be central future neuroprosthetics. Here, the long-term performance of highly flexible, thin polyimide shanks with several small (<15 µm) electrodes during electrical microstimulation visual cortex, is reported. The exhibit remarkable stability when billions pulses are applied in vitro. When devices implanted primary cortex (area V1) mice animals trained to detect microstimulation, it found perceptual thresholds 2-20 microamperes (µA), which far below maximal currents withstand. functionality vivo excellent, stable up more than year little damage brain tissue. These results demonstrate potential floating restoration lost sensory functions.

Language: Английский

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