Gut Microbiome: Profound Implications for Diet and Disease

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 11(7), P. 1613 - 1613

Published: July 16, 2019

The gut microbiome plays an important role in human health and influences the development of chronic diseases ranging from metabolic disease to gastrointestinal disorders colorectal cancer. Of increasing prevalence Western societies, these conditions carry a high burden care. Dietary patterns environmental factors have profound effect on shaping microbiota real time. Diverse populations intestinal bacteria mediate their beneficial effects through fermentation dietary fiber produce short-chain fatty acids, endogenous signals with roles lipid homeostasis reducing inflammation. Recent progress shows that individual's starting microbial profile is key determinant predicting response intervention live probiotics. complex challenging characterize. Enterotypes been proposed using metrics such as alpha species diversity, ratio Firmicutes Bacteroidetes phyla, relative abundance genera (e.g., Bifidobacterium, Akkermansia) versus facultative anaerobes (E. coli), pro-inflammatory Ruminococcus, or nonbacterial microbes. Microbiota composition bacterial are linked physiologic along different axes. We review diet quality, carbohydrate intake, fermentable FODMAPs, prebiotic maintaining healthy flora. implications discussed for various including obesity, diabetes, irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory disease, depression, cardiovascular disease.

Language: Английский

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An omics-based framework for assessing the health risk of antimicrobial resistance genes

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12(1)

Published: Aug. 6, 2021

Abstract Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) are widespread among bacteria. However, not all ARGs pose serious threats to public health, highlighting the importance of identifying those that high-risk. Here, we developed an ‘omics-based’ framework evaluate ARG risk considering human-associated-enrichment, gene mobility, and host pathogenicity. Our classifies human-associated, mobile (3.6% ARGs) as highest risk, which further differentiate ‘current threats’ (Rank I; 3%) - already present pathogens ‘future II; 0.6%) novel emerging from non-pathogens. identified 73 threat’ families. Of these, 35 were 37 high-risk proposed by World Health Organization other literature; remaining 38 significantly enriched in hospital plasmids. By evaluating pathogen genomes released since construction, confirmed recently transferred into Rank II (‘future threats’). Lastly, applied gut microbiome fecal microbiota transplantation donors. We found although (73% genomes), only 8.9% contained ARGs. provides easy-to-implement approach identify current future antimicrobial threats, with potential clinical applications including reducing microbiome-based interventions.

Language: Английский

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How Probiotics Affect the Microbiota

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 9

Published: Jan. 15, 2020

Probiotics have been used to treat a variety of diseases for decades: however, what is the rationale under this? Such treatment was first proposed in early 19th century based on observations decreased Bifidobacteria populations children suffering diarrhea, suggesting that oral intake could replete microbiota subpopulation and improve health. Since then, studies shown modifications gut or skin course suggested positive effects certain probiotics. Most failed report any impact microbiota. The probiotics, as well bacteria colonizing food, does not reside their ability graft but rather sharing genes metabolites, supporting challenged microbiota, by direct influence epithelial immune cells. argue probiotics be associated conventional drugs insulin resistance, infectious diseases, inflammatory psychiatric disorders also interfere with drug metabolism. Nevertheless, context plethora probiotic strains associations, produced such conditions do allow comparisons, it remains difficult know whether patient would benefit from taking particular probiotic. In other words, although several mechanisms are observed when studying single strain, all individual expected share same effects. order clarify role clinics, we explore here relation between

Language: Английский

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How to select a probiotic? A review and update of methods and criteria

Biotechnology Advances, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 36(8), P. 2060 - 2076

Published: Sept. 26, 2018

Language: Английский

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Role of Probiotics in Human Gut Microbiome-Associated Diseases

Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 29(9), P. 1335 - 1340

Published: Sept. 28, 2019

Language: Английский

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AGA Clinical Practice Guidelines on the Role of Probiotics in the Management of Gastrointestinal Disorders

Gastroenterology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 159(2), P. 697 - 705

Published: June 9, 2020

Language: Английский

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Modulating the microbiome to improve therapeutic response in cancer

The Lancet Oncology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 20(2), P. e77 - e91

Published: Feb. 1, 2019

Language: Английский

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Paraprobiotics and postbiotics: concepts and potential applications in dairy products

Current Opinion in Food Science, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 32, P. 1 - 8

Published: Dec. 19, 2019

Language: Английский

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Encapsulation of probiotics and nutraceuticals: Applications in functional food industry

Trends in Food Science & Technology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 114, P. 1 - 10

Published: May 26, 2021

Language: Английский

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International Society of Sports Nutrition Position Stand: Probiotics

Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 16(1)

Published: Jan. 15, 2019

Position statement: The International Society of Sports Nutrition (ISSN) provides an objective and critical review the mechanisms use probiotic supplementation to optimize health, performance, recovery athletes. Based on current available literature, conclusions ISSN are as follows: Probiotics live microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit host (FAO/WHO).Probiotic administration has been linked multitude benefits, with gut immune being most researched applications.Despite existence shared, core for function, benefits probiotics strain- dose-dependent.Athletes have varying microbiota compositions that appear reflect activity level comparison sedentary people, differences primarily volume exercise amount protein consumption. Whether composition affect efficacy is unknown.The main function digest food absorb nutrients. In athletic populations, certain strains can increase absorption key nutrients such amino acids from protein, pharmacology physiological properties multiple components.Immune depression athletes worsens excessive training load, psychological stress, disturbed sleep, environmental extremes, all which contribute increased risk respiratory tract infections. situations, including exposure crowds, foreign travel poor hygiene at home, or competition venues, athletes' pathogens may be elevated leading rates Approximately 70% system located shown promote healthy response. population, specific reduce number episodes, severity duration upper infections.Intense, prolonged exercise, especially heat, permeability potentially result systemic toxemia. Specific improve integrity gut-barrier athletes.Administration selected anti-inflammatory improved muscle-damaging exercise.The minimal effective dose method (potency per serving, single vs. split dose, delivery form) strain depends validation studies this particular strain. Products contain must include genus, species, each microorganism its label well total estimated quantity end product's shelf life, measured by colony forming units (CFU) cells.Preclinical early human research potential relevant population body lean mass, normalizing age-related declines testosterone levels, reductions cortisol levels indicating responses physical mental stressor, reduction exercise-induced lactate, neurotransmitter synthesis, cognition mood. However, these require more rigorous population.

Language: Английский

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