The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis: From Motility to Mood

Gastroenterology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 160(5), P. 1486 - 1501

Published: Jan. 22, 2021

Language: Английский

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Shaping the Future of Probiotics and Prebiotics

Trends in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 29(8), P. 667 - 685

Published: Feb. 5, 2021

An expanding range of candidate probiotic species and prebiotic substrates is emerging to address newly elucidated data-driven microbial niches host targets.Overlapping with, adjacent to, the fields, new variants microbiome-modulating interventions are developing, including synbiotics, postbiotics, consortia, live biotherapeutic products, genetically modified organisms, with renewed interest in polyphenols, fibres, fermented foods.Personalised nutrition precision medicine beginning influence application probiotics prebiotics, growing modulation signatures health disease.Demand for prebiotics across divergent product formats driving innovation quality assurance techniques measure dose, viability, structural functional integrity. Recent ongoing developments microbiome science enabling frontiers research prebiotics. Novel types, mechanisms, applications currently under study have potential change scientific understanding as well nutritional healthcare these interventions. The expansion related fields microbiome-targeted interventions, an evolving landscape implementation regulatory, policy, prescriber, consumer spheres, portends era significant change. In this review we examine recent, emerging, anticipated trends science, create a vision broad areas developing field. Probiotics (see Glossary) received escalating attention recent years scientific, healthcare, public arenas. Publicity around has also broadened perception microorganisms, beyond disease-causing agents that should be avoided, more rational view integrating beneficial roles microorganisms human health. line advances, awareness acceptance continues expand [1.Chin-Lee B. et al.Patient experience use community-based care settings.Patient Prefer. Adhere. 2014; 8: 1513-1520PubMed Google Scholar], industry growth estimated at 7% annually [2.Jackson S.A. al.Improving end-user trust commercial products.Front. Microbiol. 2019; 10: 739Crossref PubMed Scopus (19) forecast 12.7% over next 8 [3.Mano M.C.R. al.Oligosaccharide biotechnology: approach revolution on industry.Appl. Biotechnol. 2018; 102: 17-37Crossref (40) Scholar]. While there general beneficial, still gap definitions terms 'probiotics' 'prebiotics', their benefits health, how they function, where find best sources food products Scholar,4.Viana J.V. al.Probiotic foods: attitudes.Int. J. Food Sci. Technol. 2008; 43: 1577-1580Crossref (30) Both increasingly incorporated into wide foods, beverages, topical (even toilet paper), some cases questionable or no validation any benefit host, requirement existing consensus definitions. field, both clearly established, International Scientific Association Prebiotics (ISAPP) having convened panels whereby experts reviewed published behind [5.Hill C. al.Expert document. statement scope appropriate term probiotic.Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 11: 506-514Crossref (2566) Scholar] [6.Gibson G.R. document: definition prebiotics.Nat. 2017; 14: 491-502Crossref (1252) conclusions highlighted play integral role status. Some key mechanisms been (Box 1) used variety states, prophylactically therapeutically.Box 1Mechanisms Action PrebioticsMechanisms action complex, diverse, heterogeneous, often strain- compound-specific. many described, remain calls increased understanding, especially structure–function explanations observed effects long-term influences [134.Kleerebezem M. al.Understanding mode can drive translational pipeline towards reliable probiotics.Curr. Opin. 56: 55-60Crossref (26) Scholar,152.Plaza-Diaz al.Mechanisms probiotics.Adv. Nutr. S49-S66Crossref (96) Scholar,153.Monteagudo-Mera A. al.Adhesion mediated by impact health.Appl. 103: 6463-6472Crossref (91) Scholar].Probiotics interact via molecular effectors present cell structure secreted metabolic products. Probiotic metabolites act microbiota crossfeeding interactions, changes gastrointestinal microenvironment (e.g., pH lowering), competition nutrients binding sites, inhibition production strain-specific antibacterial compounds bacteriocins [133.Lebeer S. al.Identification effector molecules: state future perspectives.Curr. 49: 217-223Crossref (90) Such microbiota-directed contribute ability mediate pathogen overgrowth states such vaginal oral dysbioses [153.Monteagudo-Mera Scholar].With regard cells, molecules directly receptors intestinal epithelial, enteroendocrine, immune cells vagal afferent fibres. These interactions produce local gut effects, enhancement barrier integrity inflammation Toll-like receptors), systemic immune, endocrine, nervous system mediators perform enzymatic metabolism bile salts ingested xenobiotics [152.Plaza-Diaz Specific surface-associated include pili, lipoteichoic acids, exopolysaccharides, various surface-layer proteins, which therefore delivery Scholar].Classical through consumption substrate specific groups within microbiota, promoting activity. Provision select group/s bacteria indirectly other bacterial – inhibitory displacement. Resulting composition metabolite concentrations from administration nervous, endocrine signalling improvements bowel response, glucose lipid metabolism, bone regulation appetite satiety Chief by-products SCFAs acetate, butyrate, propionate, recognised systems facilitate [10.Blaak E.E. al.Short chain fatty acids health.Benefic. Microbes. 2020; 411-455Crossref (3) Scholar].In addition nutritive microbes, receptors, modulating epithelial function [154.Brosseau al.Prebiotics: preventive allergy.Nutrients. 1841Crossref (6) Mechanisms With Classical Currently, multiple spheres acting (Figure 1). Broad technological advances data collection analytical tools exploration providing deeper insights host. Interest grow conditions, body population subgroups, formats. Furthermore, evolution regulatory frameworks, clinical guidelines influencing healthcare. As our knowledge each integrated shaping timely. Traditionally, lactobacilli, bifidobacteria, lactic acid-producing (LAB) probiotics, primarily isolated dairy faecal microbiome. breadth its functions expanded, holds discovery approaches [7.Veiga P. al.Moving probiotics.Nat. 5: 878-880Crossref (5) taxa. Developments affordable complete genome sequencing powerful cultivation methods allowed isolation characterisation microbiomes opportunity developed next-generation [8.O'Toole P.W. al.Next-generation probiotics: spectrum biotherapeutics.Nat. 2: 17057Crossref (213) 2). Various bacteria, Roseburia intestinalis, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Eubacterium spp., Bacteroides spp. Akkermansia muciniphila, Scholar,9.Brodmann T. al.Safety novel microbes consumption: practical examples assessment European Union.Front. 1725Crossref (64) candidates represent proportion cultivable offer physiological not always conferred bifidobacteria bioactives Converting industrially viable presents challenges rich media anaerobic conditions adds cost complexity, investment determining optimal fermentation manufacturing processes time. Despite difficulties, muciniphila one promising candidates. Isolated 2004 [11.Derrien al.Akkermansia gen. nov., sp. mucin-degrading bacterium.Int. Syst. Evol. 2004; 54: 1469-1476Crossref (843) it tested preclinical animal models shown prevent development obesity, pasteurisation increasing stability efficacy species. Initial proof-of-concept studies taken place humans pasteurised safe improves several parameters [12.Depommier al.Supplementation overweight obese volunteers: exploratory study.Nat. Med. 25: 1096-1103Crossref (332) Live already market multispecies synbiotic preparation, containing inulin, Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis (Clostridium beijerinckii, Clostridium butyricum, Anaerobutyricum hallii) was improve levels type 2 diabetics [13.Perraudeau F. al.Improvements postprandial control subjects diabetes: multicenter, double blind, randomized placebo-controlled trial formulation.BMJ Open Diabetes Res. Care. 8e001319Crossref (1) will only source strains Niches strong species, targets intervention, female urogenital tract, cavity, nasopharyngeal skin [14.Maguire Maguire G. health.Arch. Dermatol. 309: 411-421Crossref (24) Scholar, 15.George V.T. al.The periodontal therapy.J. Int. Oral Heal. 2016; 404-408Google 16.Cribby al.Vaginal probiotics.Interdiscip. Perspect. Infect. Dis. 2008 (art. 256490)Crossref Species genera associated regions being investigated restore populations homeostasis disease states. Examples commensal isolate Staphylococcus hominis eczema atopic dermatitis [17.Nakatsuji al.Antimicrobials protect against aureus deficient dermatitis.Sci. Transl. 9eaah4680Crossref (362) Lactobacillus crispatus dysbiosis [18.Reid health.J. AOAC 2012; 95: 31-34Crossref (29) Fermented foods most common natural potentially LAB, benefits, reduced risk diabetes cardiovascular diseases [19.Marco M.L. al.Health beyond.Curr. 44: 94-102Crossref (363) putatively metabolomic profile [20.Taylor B.C. al.Consumption systematic differences metabolome.mSystems. 5e00901-19Crossref (13) likely major LAB [21.Pasolli E. al.Large-scale genome-wide analysis links acid microbiome.Nat. Commun. 2610Crossref show development. unfermented may fruits, vegetables, grains/cereals, dairy, meat fish honey, environmental soil [22.Zielińska D. Kolożyn-Krajewska Food-origin exhibit properties: Review.Biomed. 2018 5063185)Crossref core heartlands target therapy subfertility [23.García-Velasco J.A. al.What fertility specialists know about microbiome: review.Reprod. BioMed. Online. 35: 103-112Abstract Full Text PDF (28) liver [24.Meroni nonalcoholic disease: insight therapeutic strategies.Nutrients. 2642Crossref mood disorders [25.Dinan T.G. al.Psychobiotics: class psychotropic.Biol. Psychiatry. 2013; 74: 720-726Abstract (510) cognition [26.Dinan Cryan J.F. microbiome–gut–brain axis disease.Gastroenterol. Clin. N. Am. 46: 77-89Abstract [27.Seminario-Amez al.Probiotics health: A review.Med. Patol. Cir. Bucal. 22: e282-e288PubMed asthma [28.Spacova I. airway allergy: factors consider.Dis. Models Mech. 11dmm034314Crossref [29.Koutnikova H. al.Impact non-alcoholic variables: meta-analysis randomised controlled trials.BMJ Open. 9e017995Crossref (65) hypercholesterolaemia [30.Khare Gaur Cholesterol-lowering species.Curr. 77: 638-644Crossref (7) obesity [31.Brusaferro al.Is time treat obesity?.Nutrients. 1613Crossref (39) Significant emphasis placed investigating safety considered Many commonly exploited available generally recognized (GRAS) status USA belong qualified presumption (QPS) Safety Authority (EFSA), yet case history use. Submission GRAS, QPS, frameworks enable path commercialisation, pharmaceutical applications, example, category defined Drug Administration (FDA)i Directorate Quality Medicines [32.European Pharmacopoeia Commission 3053E General monograph products.Eur. Pharmacopoeia. (9.7)Google required [33.Rouanet al.Live road map assessment.Front. 7: 237Crossref comprising retrospective possible linked taxa considered, full sequence, antibiotic resistance genes, toxin transferrable genetic elements, virulence factors, proven models, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, Phase I–III trials. evidence fall current 2), albeit attracting attention. consortia network synergistic [34.Vázquez-Castellanos al.Design synthetic modulation.Curr. Pharmacol. 52-59Crossref (8) augment single-strain organisms definition, if characterised Adjacent postbiotics 1An updated expert panel ISAPP, press. fragments [35.Aguilar-Toalá al.Postbiotics:

Language: Английский

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Probiotics Mechanism of Action on Immune Cells and Beneficial Effects on Human Health

Cells, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(1), P. 184 - 184

Published: Jan. 2, 2023

Immune cells and commensal microbes in the human intestine constantly communicate with react to each other a stable environment order maintain healthy immune activities. system-microbiota cross-talk relies on complex network of pathways that sustain balance between tolerance immunogenicity. Probiotic bacteria can interact stimulate intestinal microflora modulate specific functions homeostasis. Growing evidence shows probiotic present important health-promoting immunomodulatory properties. Thus, use probiotics might represent promising approach for improving system So far, few studies have been reported beneficial modulatory effect probiotics. However, many others, which are mainly focused their metabolic/nutritional properties, published. Therefore, mechanisms behind interaction host only partially described. The review aims collect summarize most recent scientific results resulting implications how improve functions. Hence, description currently known is provided.

Language: Английский

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Emerging issues in probiotic safety: 2023 perspectives

Gut Microbes, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: March 15, 2023

Probiotics are used for both generally healthy consumers and in clinical settings. However, theoretical proven adverse events from probiotic consumption exist. New strains products, as well expanding use of probiotics into vulnerable populations, warrants concise, actionable recommendations on how to work toward their safe effective use. The International Scientific Association Prebiotics convened a meeting discuss produce evidence-based potential acute long-term risks, risks the importance product quality match needs need event reporting related whole genome sequencing, which enables determination virulence, toxin, antibiotic resistance genes, clear assignment species strain identity, is emphasized. We present guide scientific medical community judging safety.

Language: Английский

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Viral Infections, the Microbiome, and Probiotics

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 10

Published: Feb. 12, 2021

Viral infections continue to cause considerable morbidity and mortality around the world. Recent rises in these are likely due complex multifactorial external drivers, including climate change, increased mobility of people goods rapid demographic change name but a few. In parallel with factors, we gaining better understanding internal factors associated viral immunity. Increasingly gastrointestinal (GI) microbiome has been shown be significant player host immune system, acting as key regulator immunity defense mechanisms. An increasing body evidence indicates that disruption homeostasis between GI system can adversely impact This review aims shed light on our how host-microbiota interactions shape early life antibiotic exposure, immunosenescence, diet inflammatory diseases. We also discuss base for commensal organisms therapeutics prevention and/or treatment infections, such gastroenteritis, hepatitis, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), papilloma (HPV), upper respiratory tract (URTI), influenza SARS CoV-2. The interplay microbiome, invasive viruses physiology is yet fully characterized, increasingly shows have an disease outcomes. While current informative, further well designed clinical trials will needed understand array immunological mechanisms underlying this intricate relationship.

Language: Английский

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Probiotics, Prebiotics, and Synbiotics: Implications and Beneficial Effects against Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 13(6), P. 2112 - 2112

Published: June 20, 2021

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is still a common functional gastrointestinal disease that presents chronic abdominal symptoms but with pathophysiology not yet fully elucidated. Moreover, the use of synergistic combination prebiotics and probiotics, known as synbiotics, for IBS therapy in early stages. Advancements technology led to determining important role played by probiotics IBS, whereas present paper focuses on detailed review various pathophysiologic mechanisms action prebiotics, synbiotics via multidisciplinary domains involving gastroenterology (microbiota modulation, alteration gut barrier function, visceral hypersensitivity, dysmotility) immunology (intestinal immunological modulation), neurology (microbiota–gut–brain axis communication co-morbidities) mitigating IBS. In addition, this synthesizes literature about involved beneficial effects patients discussing clinical studies testing efficiency outcomes used

Language: Английский

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Use of Probiotics in Preterm Infants

PEDIATRICS, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 147(6)

Published: May 24, 2021

Probiotic products in the United States are available for use general category of dietary supplements, bypassing rigor US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval process safety, efficacy, manufacturing standards. As a result, currently probiotics lack FDA-approved drug labeling cannot be marketed to treat or prevent disease preterm infants, including necrotizing enterocolitis late-onset sepsis. Despite availability pharmaceutical-grade product, number infants receiving Canada is steadily increasing. According recent reports from large collaborative databases States, approximately 10% extremely low gestational age neonates receive probiotic preparation during their stay NICU, with wide variation practice among units. In sum, more than 10 000 have been enrolled randomized clinical trials supplementation worldwide. Methodologic differences study protocols included different strains combinations therapy, masking trials, priori definitions primary outcome measure. Large meta-analyses these demonstrated efficacy multiple-strain reducing all-cause mortality, whereas single-strain preparations less certain. absence an appropriate medical-grade product supplement-grade probiotics, some which subject recalls contamination, being prescribed. Given FDA-regulated conflicting data on safety potential harm highly vulnerable population, current evidence does not support routine, universal administration particularly those birth weight <1000 g.

Language: Английский

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SCAI Guidelines for the Management of Patent Foramen Ovale

Journal of the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography & Interventions, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 1(4), P. 100039 - 100039

Published: May 19, 2022

Patent foramen ovale (PFO) is a vestigial congenital cardiovascular structure present in around 25% of adults. In most cases, PFO entirely benign and requires no treatment. However, it may cause serious complications under certain circumstances.

Language: Английский

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Probiotic‐Inspired Nanomedicine Restores Intestinal Homeostasis in Colitis by Regulating Redox Balance, Immune Responses, and the Gut Microbiome

Advanced Materials, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 35(3)

Published: Nov. 7, 2022

Microbiota-based therapeutics offer innovative strategies to treat inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). However, the poor clinical outcome so far and limited flexibility of bacterial approach call for improvement. Inspired by health benefits probiotics in alleviating symptoms diseases, bioartificial are designed restore intestinal microenvironment colitis regulating redox balance, immune responses, gut microbiome. The probiotic comprises two components: an E. coli Nissle 1917-derived membrane (EM) as surface biodegradable diselenide-bridged mesoporous silica nanoparticles (SeM) core. When orally administered, probiotic-inspired nanomedicine (SeM@EM) adheres strongly mucus layer restored balance regulation homeostasis a murine model acute induced dextran sodium sulfate. In addition, respective properties EM SeM synergistically alter microbiome favorable state increasing diversity shifting profile anti-inflammatory phenotype. This work suggests safe effective that can IBDs therapy.

Language: Английский

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AGA Clinical Practice Guideline on the Pharmacological Management of Irritable Bowel Syndrome With Constipation

Gastroenterology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 163(1), P. 118 - 136

Published: June 20, 2022

Language: Английский

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