The Role of Human Intestinal Mucus in the Prevention of Microplastic Uptake and Cell Damage

Biomaterials Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

An increase in plastic waste and its release into the environment has led to health concerns over microplastics (MPs) environment. The intestinal mucosal layer is a key defense mechanism against ingested MPs, preventing migration of particles other parts body. MP through mucus challenging study due difficulties obtaining intact layers for testing numerous formulations, shapes, sizes microplastics. Previous studies have primarily used from animals, hydrogel models, samples body as substitutes. This examines how different compositions, (40-500 nm), surface functionalizations alter human mucus; protects cells uptake, toxicity, inflammation; prevents environmental toxins via particles. presence also provides critical protection cytotoxicity, reactive oxygen species production, uptake all tested, although certain functionalizations, such streptavidin, are particularly harmful with high toxicity inflammation. Understanding properties that assist impede diffusion MPs relevant overall bioaccumulation effects well drug delivery purposes.

Language: Английский

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The micro(nano)plastics perspective: exploring cancer development and therapy

Molecular Cancer, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 24(1)

Published: Jan. 24, 2025

Microplastics, as an emerging environmental pollutant, have received widespread attention for their potential impact on ecosystems and human health. Microplastics are defined plastic particles less than 5 millimeters in diameter can be categorized primary secondary microplastics. Primary microplastics usually originate directly from industrial production, while formed by the degradation of larger items. capable triggering cytotoxicity chronic inflammation, may promote cancer through mechanisms such pro-inflammatory responses, oxidative stress endocrine disruption. In addition, improved bring new perspectives to therapy, studies drug carriers underway, showing high targeting bioavailability. Although current suggest association between certain cancers (e.g., lung, liver, breast cancers), long-term effects specific still need studied. This review aimed at exploring carcinogenicity promising applications therapy provides important directions future research emphasizes multidisciplinary collaboration address this global health challenge.

Language: Английский

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Formulation and application of poly lactic acid, gum, and cellulose-based ternary bioplastic for smart food packaging: A review

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 268, P. 131687 - 131687

Published: April 18, 2024

Language: Английский

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Identification and analysis of microplastics in para-tumor and tumor of human prostate

EBioMedicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 108, P. 105360 - 105360

Published: Sept. 27, 2024

Language: Английский

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Microplastics – A Growing Concern as Carcinogens in Cancer Etiology: Emphasis on Biochemical and Molecular Mechanisms

Cell Biochemistry and Biophysics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 82(4), P. 3109 - 3121

Published: July 20, 2024

Language: Английский

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Polystyrene nanoplastics promote colitis-associated cancer by disrupting lipid metabolism and inducing DNA damage

Environment International, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 195, P. 109258 - 109258

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Nanoplastics (NPs) have attracted widespread attention owing to their presence in the body. Recent studies highlighted detrimental effects of NPs on digestive tract. However, no reported an association between exposure and colitis-associated cancer (CAC). An azoxymethane/dextran sodium sulfate-induced CAC model was used, polystyrene nanoparticles (PS-NPs) were selected for long-term exposure. Non-targeted metabolomics 16S rRNA sequencing used detect changes colonic metabolites gut microbes following PS-NPs A lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated cell (Caco-2) exposed investigate underlying molecular mechanism. Compared normal control group, mice group exhibited more tumor nodes reactive oxygen species (ROS), higher expression pan-CK Ki-67, severe DNA damage. revealed that altered abundance Allobaculum Lactobacillus, whereas metabolic analysis showed most significant enriched mostly fatty acid metabolism. Experiments LPS intervened Caco-2 cells led lipid peroxidation, oxidative stress, damage Caco-2. Exposure activated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT/mammalian target rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway both AOM/DSS mouse cellular model. Key proteins involved metabolism downregulated PS-NPs. The significantly inhibited by activation fenofibrate. disturbed induced via PI3K/AKT/mTOR promote progression. Inhibition is a therapeutic controlling PS-NP-induced CAC. Our study provides important reference prevention treatment from perspective environment enhances awareness necessity plastic control.

Language: Английский

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Exploring Toxicological Pathways of Microplastics and Nanoplastics: Insights from Animal and Cellular Models

Journal of Hazardous Materials, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 137795 - 137795

Published: March 1, 2025

Microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs) represent an emerging issue for human animal health. This review critically examines in vitro vivo studies to elucidate their mechanisms of action toxicological effects. Key objectives included: providing a comprehensive overview MP-NPs literature, assessing experimental conditions relative real environmental scenarios, identifying pathways at the molecular level. The findings revealed significant progress understanding impacts. In particular, it has been observed promotion inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, autophagy, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress via specific signaling axes. Reproductive toxicity emerged as primary research focus, particularly male models, whereas effects on gastrointestinal, neurological, cardiovascular systems were insufficiently studied, especially affected. Most disproportionately focused polystyrene particles, neglecting other prevalent polymers such polyethylene polypropylene. Furthermore, reliance synthetic microspheres non-realistic concentrations limits relevance real-world conditions. Limited long-term exposure further constrain persistence risks. view this, future should integrate environmentally relevant particles doses, size composition, assessments, advanced methodologies omics computational modeling. addition, therapeutic interventions targeting ER inflammation apoptosis may be excellent solution mitigate toxicity. At same time, standardized global approach is needed fully understand risks posed by MP-NPs, attempting safeguard public

Language: Английский

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Pollutants, microbiota and immune system: frenemies within the gut

Frontiers in Public Health, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: May 10, 2024

Pollution is a critical concern of modern society for its heterogeneous effects on human health, despite widespread lack awareness. Environmental pollutants promote several pathologies through different molecular mechanisms. Pollutants can affect the immune system and related pathways, perturbing regulation triggering pro-inflammatory responses. The exposure to also leads alterations in gut microbiota with decreasing abundance beneficial microbes, such as short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria, an overgrowth species. subsequent intestinal barrier dysfunction, together oxidative stress increased inflammatory responses, plays role pathogenesis gastrointestinal diseases. Moreover, encourage inflammation-dysplasia-carcinoma sequence various mechanisms, stress, dysregulation cellular signalling cell cycle impairment genomic instability. In this narrative review, we will describe interplay between pollutants, microbiota, system, focusing their relationship bowel diseases colorectal cancer. Understanding biological mechanisms underlying health-to-disease transition may allow design public health policies aimed at reducing burden disease pollutants.

Language: Английский

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Polyethylene Micro/Nanoplastics Exposure Induces Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition in Human Bronchial and Alveolar Epithelial Cells

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(18), P. 10168 - 10168

Published: Sept. 22, 2024

Micro/nanoplastics (MNPs), which are widely spread in the environment, have gained attention because of their ability to enter human body mainly through ingestion, inhalation, and skin contact, thus representing a serious health threat. Several studies reported presence MNPs lung tissue potential role MNP inhalation triggering fibrosis tumorigenesis. However, there is paucity knowledge regarding cellular response composed polyethylene (PE), one most common plastic pollutants biosphere. In this study, we investigated effects low/high concentrations PE on respiratory epithelial cell viability migration/invasion abilities, using MTT, scratch, transwell assays. Morphological molecular changes were assessed via immunofluorescence, Western blot, qRT-PCR. We demonstrated that acute exposure does not induce toxicity. Instead, cells displayed visible morphological also involving actin cytoskeleton reorganization. Our data underlined epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) process. Moreover, remarkable increase migration was noticed, absence significant alteration cell’s invasive capacity. The present study highlights impact epithelium, suggesting possible carcinogenesis.

Language: Английский

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Microplastics in the Human Body: Exposure, Detection, and Risk of Carcinogenesis: A State-of-the-Art Review

Cancers, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(21), P. 3703 - 3703

Published: Nov. 1, 2024

Humans cannot avoid plastic exposure due to its ubiquitous presence in the natural environment. The waste generated is poorly biodegradable and exists form of MPs, which can enter human body primarily through digestive tract, respiratory or damaged skin accumulate various tissues by crossing biological membrane barriers. There an increasing amount research on health effects MPs. Most literature reports focus impact plastics respiratory, digestive, reproductive, hormonal, nervous, immune systems, as well metabolic MPs accumulation leading epidemics obesity, diabetes, hypertension, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. xenobiotics, undergo ADMET processes body, i.e., absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, are not fully understood. Of particular concern carcinogenic chemicals added during manufacturing adsorbed from environment, such chlorinated paraffins, phthalates, phenols, bisphenols, be released when absorbed body. continuous increase NMP has accelerated SARS-CoV-2 pandemic there was a need use single-use products daily life. Therefore, urgent diagnose problems related MP detection.

Language: Английский

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