Antigenic cartography using hamster sera identifies SARS-CoV-2 JN.1 evasion seen in human XBB.1.5 booster sera DOI Open Access
Wei Wang, Gitanjali Bhushan,

Stephanie Paz

et al.

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 6, 2024

Abstract Antigenic assessments of SARS-CoV-2 variants inform decisions to update COVID-19 vaccines. Primary infection sera are often used for assessments, but such rare due population immunity from infections and vaccinations. Here, we show that neutralization titers breadth matched human hamster pre-Omicron variant primary correlate well generate similar antigenic maps. The map shows modest drift among XBB sub-lineage variants, with JN.1 BA.4/BA.5 within the cluster, five six-fold differences between these XBB.1.5. Compared following only ancestral or bivalent vaccinations, post-vaccination infections, XBB.1.5 booster had broadest against although a five-fold titer difference was still observed variants. These findings suggest antibody coverage antigenically divergent could be improved vaccine antigen.

Language: Английский

Mapping SARS-CoV-2 antigenic relationships and serological responses DOI Creative Commons
Samuel Wilks, Barbara Mühlemann, Xiaoying Shen

et al.

Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 382(6666)

Published: Oct. 6, 2023

During the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, multiple variants escaping preexisting immunity emerged, causing reinfections of previously exposed individuals. Here, we used antigenic cartography to analyze patterns cross-reactivity among 21 and 15 groups human sera obtained after primary infection with 10 different or messenger RNA (mRNA)–1273 mRNA-1273.351 vaccination. We found differences pre-Omicron caused by substitutions at spike-protein positions 417, 452, 484, 501. Quantifying changes in response breadth over time additional vaccine doses, our results show largest increase between 4 weeks >3 months a second dose. immunodominance spike regions, depending on variant an individual was first to, implications for risk assessment vaccine-strain selection.

Language: Английский

Citations

100
BA.2 and BA.5 omicron differ immunologically from both BA.1 omicron and pre-omicron variants DOI Creative Commons
Annika Rössler, Antonia Netzl, Ludwig Knabl

et al.

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: Dec. 13, 2022

Several studies have shown that SARS-CoV-2 BA.1 omicron is an immune escape variant. Meanwhile, however, BA.2 and BA.5 became dominant in many countries replaced BA.1. As both several mutations compared to BA.1, we analyzed whether show further relative Here, characterized neutralization profiles against the sub-variants plasma samples from individuals with different history of exposures infection/vaccination found unvaccinated after a single exposure had limited cross-neutralizing antibodies pre-omicron variants Consequently, our antigenic map including all Variants Concern sub-variants, showed are distinct variants, but three also antigenically each other. The antibody landscapes illustrate current space, as described maps, generated only or more close two distant variants. describe space inhabited by relevant understanding which will important implications for vaccine strain adaptations.

Language: Английский

Citations

73
Antigenic mapping of emerging SARS-CoV-2 omicron variants BM.1.1.1, BQ.1.1, and XBB.1 DOI Creative Commons
Anna Z. Mykytyn, Miruna E. Rosu, Adinda Kok

et al.

The Lancet Microbe, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 4(5), P. e294 - e295

Published: Jan. 16, 2023

Novel SARS-CoV-2 omicron variants, including BM.1.1.1, BQ.1.1, and XBB.1, continue to emerge at an unprecedented rate, evading pre-existing immunity from vaccination previous infection. Quantifying the antigenic diversity of variants might assist in selecting future vaccine strains. To determine relationships between emerging we others1Wilks SH Mühlemann B Shen X et al.Mapping serological responses.bioRxiv. 2022; (published online July 13.) (preprint).https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.01.28.477987PubMed Google Scholar, 2Wang W Lusvarghi S Subramanian R al.Antigenic cartography well-characterized human sera shows neutralization differences based on infection history.Cell Host Microbe. 30: 1745-1758Summary Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (1) 3van der Straten K Guerra D van Gils MJ using sequence-confirmed concern infections reveals divergence omicron.Immunity. 55: 1725-1731Summary (7) 4Mykytyn AZ Rissmann M Kok A that BA.1 BA.2 are antigenically distinct.Sci Immunol. 7eabq4450Crossref (16) Scholar used cartography, whereby multidimensional scaling is generate maps which positions antigens antiserum samples directly correspond neutralising titres. This method allows for quantification visualisation properties different simultaneously. Previously, hamster model map.4Mykytyn We now inoculated hamsters with currently dominant BA.5 variant, genetically close BA.2, differing spike amino acid sequence by only three substitutions two deletions (appendix p 1). Neutralising titres were determined all serum grown previously, along XBB.1 emerged late 2022 2). Omicron neutralised homologous virus, BQ.1.1 efficiently, whereas BM.1.1.1 was poorly neutralised. None able substantially neutralise XBB.1. Next, generated updated map available viral 3). In this map, positioned distantly pre-omicron cluster. within one unit representing a two-fold dilution neutralisation titrations. All remaining 2·3 7·0 units each other. mapped furthest variants. Similar results observed dimensions 4). The data well represented dimensions, no substantial improvement higher number 5). Two dimensional distances correlated overall there good coordination accuracy placement samples. Despite lower certainty positioning reactive heterologous present spaced, allow approximation position new (without their respective samples). post-vaccination reflected as largest reduction compared D614G variant against followed BA.1, similar levels 6). Our reveal cross-neutralisation but little BM.1.1.1. similarities thus far evidence increased bivalent vaccines, potentially due immunological imprinting.5Zou J Kurhade C Patel al.Improved Neutralization BA.4/5, BA.4.6, BA.2.75.2, BA.4/5 vaccine.bioRxiv. Nov 17.) (preprint).https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.11.17.516898Google 6Kurhade Zou Xia H al.Low BA.2.75·2, parental mRNA or BA.5-bivalent booster.Nat Med. Dec 6.)https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-022-02162-xCrossref 7Park YJ Pinto Walls AC al.Imprinted antibody responses sublineages.Science. 378: 619-627Crossref (6) addition, these newly do not cluster other, therefore any cross-neutralise new, could be equally distant. Continuous mapping greater understanding evolutionary trajectory indicate potential candidates. publication has been corrected. corrected version first appeared thelancet.com/microbe February 7, 2023 work financially supported Health∼Holland grant LSHM19136 BLH; cofunded PPP Allowance made Health∼Holland, Top Sector Life Sciences & Health, stimulate public-private partnerships, European Union's Horizon 2020 research innovation program under 101003589 (RECoVER; MPGK) EU funding agreement 874735(VEO). BLH, RAMF, DJS, MPGK NIH/NIAID Centers Excellence Influenza Research Response contract 75N93021C00014-Icahn School Medicine Mt Sinai. MER AK contributed equally. Download .pdf (5.09 MB) Help pdf files Supplementary appendix Correction Lancet Microbe 2023; published Jan 16. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2666-5247(22)00384-6Mykytyn AZ, Rosu ME, A, al. Antigenic https://doi.org/10.1016/S2666-5247(22)00384-6—In Correspondence, second sentence fourth paragraph should have read “Despite imprinting.” There also correction appendix. Full-Text Open Access

Language: Английский

Citations

56
SARS-CoV-2 serotyping based on spike antigenicity and its implications for host immune evasion DOI

Wenjing Ruan,

Pengyue Gao, Xiao Qu

et al.

EBioMedicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 114, P. 105634 - 105634

Published: March 12, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

2
Mapping SARS-CoV-2 antigenic relationships and serological responses DOI Creative Commons
Samuel Wilks, Barbara Mühlemann, Xiaoying Shen

et al.

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 28, 2022

During the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, multiple variants escaping pre-existing immunity emerged, causing concerns about continued protection. Here, we use antigenic cartography to analyze patterns of cross-reactivity among a panel 21 and 15 groups human sera obtained following primary infection with 10 different or after mRNA-1273 mRNA-1273.351 vaccination. We find differences pre-Omicron caused by substitutions at spike protein positions 417, 452, 484, 501. Quantifying changes in response breadth over time additional vaccine doses, our results show largest increase between 4 weeks >3 months post-2nd dose. immunodominance regions depending on variant an individual was first exposed to, implications for risk assessment strain selection.

Language: Английский

Citations

60
Low levels of neutralizing antibodies against XBB Omicron subvariants after BA.5 infection DOI Creative Commons
H. J. Yang, Weiqi Hong, Lei Hong

et al.

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 8(1)

Published: June 19, 2023

Abstract The COVID-19 response strategies in Chinese mainland were recently adjusted due to the reduced pathogenicity and enhanced infectivity of Omicron subvariants. In Chengdu, China, an infection wave was predominantly induced by BA.5 subvariant. It is crucial determine whether hybrid anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunity following infection, coupled with a variety immune background, sufficient shape responses against newly emerged subvariants, especially for XBB lineages. To investigate this, we collected serum nasal swab samples from 108 participants who had been infected this wave, evaluated neutralization pseudoviruses. Our results showed that convalescent sera individuals, regardless vaccination history, remarkably compromised capacities XBB.1.5 Although post-vaccination breakthrough slightly elevated plasma neutralizing antibodies part pseudoviruses, activities impaired Furthermore, analyzed impacts number vaccinations, age, sex on humoral cellular after infection. findings suggest lineages elicited current are remained at low levels, indicating urgent need development next-generation vaccines designed based sub-lineages other future variants.

Language: Английский

Citations

37
Characterizing SARS-CoV-2 neutralization profiles after bivalent boosting using antigenic cartography DOI Creative Commons
Annika Rössler, Antonia Netzl, Ludwig Knabl

et al.

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: Aug. 26, 2023

Abstract Since emergence of the initial SARS-CoV-2 BA.1, BA.2 and BA.5 variants, Omicron has diversified substantially. Antigenic characterization these new variants is important to analyze their potential immune escape from population immunity implications for future vaccine composition. Here, we describe an antigenic map based on human single-exposure sera live-virus isolates that includes a broad selection recently emerged such as BA.2.75, BF.7, BQ, XBB XBF variants. Recent clustered around BA.1 with some further extending space. Based this constructed antibody landscapes neutralization profiles after booster immunization bivalent mRNA vaccines ancestral virus either or BA.4/5. Immune was also evident in bivalently boosted individuals, however, cross-neutralization improved those hybrid immunity. Our results indicate updates are needed induce cross-neutralizing antibodies against currently circulating

Language: Английский

Citations

32
Enhanced neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 variant BA.2.86 and XBB sub-lineages by a tetravalent COVID-19 vaccine booster DOI Creative Commons
Xun Wang, Shujun Jiang, Wentai Ma

et al.

Cell Host & Microbe, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 32(1), P. 25 - 34.e5

Published: Nov. 28, 2023

Language: Английский

Citations

28
Bivalent COVID-19 mRNA booster vaccination (BA.1 or BA.4/BA.5) increases neutralization of matched Omicron variants DOI Creative Commons
David Niklas Springer, Michael Bauer, Iris Medits

et al.

npj Vaccines, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 8(1)

Published: Aug. 4, 2023

Abstract We report SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody titers in sera of triple-vaccinated individuals who received a booster dose an original monovalent or bivalent BA.1- BA.4/BA.5-adapted vaccine had breakthrough infection with Omicron variants BA.1, BA.2 BA.4/BA.5. A BA.4/BA.5 Omicron-breakthrough induced increased Omicron-neutralization compared the booster. The XBB.1.5 variant effectively evaded neutralizing-antibody responses elicited by current vaccines and/or previous variants.

Language: Английский

Citations

27
Antigenic evolution of SARS coronavirus 2 DOI Creative Commons
Anna Z. Mykytyn, Ron A. M. Fouchier, Bart L. Haagmans

et al.

Current Opinion in Virology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 62, P. 101349 - 101349

Published: Aug. 28, 2023

SARS coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of COVID-19, emerged in China December 2019. Vaccines developed were very effective initially, however, virus has shown remarkable evolution with multiple variants spreading globally over last three years. Nowadays, newly emerging Omicron lineages are gaining substitutions at a fast rate, resulting escape from neutralization by antibodies that target Spike protein. Tools to map impact on further antigenic SARS-CoV-2, such as cartography, may be helpful update SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. In this review, we focus highlighting protein individually and combination immune escape.

Language: Английский

Citations

26