Human gut microbiome: hopes, threats and promises

Gut, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 67(9), P. 1716 - 1725

Published: June 22, 2018

The microbiome has received increasing attention over the last 15 years. Although gut microbes have been explored for several decades, investigations of role microorganisms that reside in human attracted much beyond classical infectious diseases. For example, numerous studies reported changes microbiota during not only obesity, diabetes, and liver diseases but also cancer even neurodegenerative is viewed as a potential source novel therapeutics. Between 2013 2017, number publications focusing on was, remarkably, 12 900, which represents four-fifths total 40 years investigated this topic. This review discusses recent evidence impact metabolic disorders focus selected key mechanisms. aims to provide critical analysis current knowledge field, identify putative issues or problems discuss misinterpretations. abundance metagenomic data generated comparing diseased healthy subjects can lead erroneous claim bacterium causally linked with protection onset disease. In fact, environmental factors such dietary habits, drug treatments, intestinal motility stool frequency consistency are all influence composition should be considered. cases bacteria Prevotella copri Akkermansia muciniphila will discussed examples.

Language: Английский

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Microbial bile acid metabolites modulate gut RORγ+ regulatory T cell homeostasis

Nature, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 577(7790), P. 410 - 415

Published: Dec. 25, 2019

Language: Английский

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Dysbiosis-Induced Secondary Bile Acid Deficiency Promotes Intestinal Inflammation

Cell Host & Microbe, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 27(4), P. 659 - 670.e5

Published: Feb. 25, 2020

Language: Английский

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Understanding the glucoregulatory mechanisms of metformin in type 2 diabetes mellitus

Nature Reviews Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 15(10), P. 569 - 589

Published: Aug. 22, 2019

Language: Английский

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Healthspan and lifespan extension by fecal microbiota transplantation into progeroid mice

Nature Medicine, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 25(8), P. 1234 - 1242

Published: July 22, 2019

Language: Английский

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Microbial tryptophan metabolites regulate gut barrier function via the aryl hydrocarbon receptor

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 117(32), P. 19376 - 19387

Published: July 27, 2020

Significance The gut microbiome comprises trillions of microorganisms that inhabit the mammalian intestines. These microbes regulate many aspects host physiology, including defense mechanisms against factors contribute to inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). Despite abundance microbiota, little is known regarding how these modulate processes, barrier function intestinal epithelium, which controls permeability associated with IBDs. Here, we discover three microbially produced, small-molecule metabolites, derive from dietary tryptophan, improve integrity and protect inflammation caused by Our studies identify a receptor downstream targets could serve as potential pathways for prophylactic therapeutic treatments ameliorating morbidity in

Language: Английский

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Spermidine improves gut barrier integrity and gut microbiota function in diet-induced obese mice

Gut Microbes, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 12(1), P. 1832857 - 1832857

Published: Nov. 5, 2020

Obesity is associated with impaired intestinal barrier function and dysbiosis of the gut microbiota. Spermidine, a polyamine that acts as an autophagy inducer, has important benefits in patients aging-associated diseases metabolic dysfunction. However, mechanism spermidine on obesity remains unclear. Here, we show intake negatively correlated both humans mice. Spermidine supplementation causes significant loss weight improves insulin resistance diet-induced obese (DIO) These effects are alleviation endotoxemia enhancement function, which might be mediated through pathway TLR4-mediated microbial signaling transduction. Moreover, alteration microbiota composition function. Microbiota depletion compromises while transplantation spermidine-altered confers protection against obesity. changes partly driven by SCFA-producing bacterium, Lachnospiraceae NK4A136 group, was decreased subjects subsequently increased spermidine. Notably, change group significantly enhanced induced Our results indicate may serve viable therapy for

Language: Английский

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Defining the role of Parasutterella, a previously uncharacterized member of the core gut microbiota

The ISME Journal, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 13(6), P. 1520 - 1534

Published: Feb. 11, 2019

Language: Английский

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Probiotics Mechanism of Action on Immune Cells and Beneficial Effects on Human Health

Cells, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(1), P. 184 - 184

Published: Jan. 2, 2023

Immune cells and commensal microbes in the human intestine constantly communicate with react to each other a stable environment order maintain healthy immune activities. system-microbiota cross-talk relies on complex network of pathways that sustain balance between tolerance immunogenicity. Probiotic bacteria can interact stimulate intestinal microflora modulate specific functions homeostasis. Growing evidence shows probiotic present important health-promoting immunomodulatory properties. Thus, use probiotics might represent promising approach for improving system So far, few studies have been reported beneficial modulatory effect probiotics. However, many others, which are mainly focused their metabolic/nutritional properties, published. Therefore, mechanisms behind interaction host only partially described. The review aims collect summarize most recent scientific results resulting implications how improve functions. Hence, description currently known is provided.

Language: Английский

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Perturbation of the gut microbiome by Prevotella spp. enhances host susceptibility to mucosal inflammation

Mucosal Immunology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 14(1), P. 113 - 124

Published: May 20, 2020

Diverse microbial signatures within the intestinal microbiota have been associated with and systemic inflammatory diseases, but whether these candidate microbes actively modulate host phenotypes or passively expand altered ecosystem is frequently not known. Here we demonstrate that colonization of mice a member genus Prevotella, which has previously to colitis in mice, exacerbates inflammation. Our analysis revealed Prevotella intestinalis alters composition function resulting reduction short-chain fatty acids, specifically acetate, consequently decrease IL-18 levels during steady state. Supplementation Prevotella-colonized was sufficient reduce Hence, conclude results metabolic changes microbiota, production exacerbate inflammation, potential autoimmunity.

Language: Английский

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