The cellular and functional complexity of thermogenic fat

Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 22(6), P. 393 - 409

Published: March 23, 2021

Language: Английский

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Reassessing Human Adipose Tissue

New England Journal of Medicine, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 386(8), P. 768 - 779

Published: Feb. 23, 2022

Adipose tissue can more than double in mass and then return to baseline. This review discusses the functional roles of human white brown adipose its excess obesity, as well far-reaching, complementary physiological endocrine system.

Language: Английский

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β3-Adrenergic receptors regulate human brown/beige adipocyte lipolysis and thermogenesis

JCI Insight, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 6(11)

Published: June 8, 2021

β3-Adrenergic receptors (β3-ARs) are the predominant regulators of rodent brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis. However, in humans, physiological relevance BAT and β3-AR remains controversial. Herein, using primary human adipocytes from supraclavicular neck fat immortalized brown/beige deep 2 subjects, we demonstrate that plays a critical role regulating lipolysis, glycolysis, Silencing compromised genes essential for thermogenesis, fatty acid metabolism, mitochondrial mass. Functionally, reduction lowered agonist-mediated increases intracellular cAMP, lipolysis-activated, uncoupling protein 1–mediated thermogenic capacity. Furthermore, mirabegron, selective agonist, stimulated lipolysis both processes were lost after silencing expression. This study highlights β3-ARs required to maintain multiple components lipolytic cellular machinery agonists could be used achieve metabolic benefit humans.

Language: Английский

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The evolving view of thermogenic adipocytes — ontogeny, niche and function

Nature Reviews Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 17(12), P. 726 - 744

Published: Oct. 8, 2021

Language: Английский

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Obesity and Thyroid Axis

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 18(18), P. 9434 - 9434

Published: Sept. 7, 2021

Development of obesity is primarily the result imbalance between energy intake and expenditure. Thyroid hormones influence expenditure by regulating cellular respiration thermogenesis determining resting metabolic rate. Triiodothyronine influences lipid turnover in adipocytes impacts appetite regulation through central nervous system, mainly hypothalamus. Thyroid-stimulating hormone may also thermogenesis, suppress regulate storage lipolysis lipogenesis control. Subclinical hypothyroidism induce changes basal rate with subsequent increase BMI, but can affect thyroid function via several mechanisms such as lipotoxicity adipokines inflammatory cytokine secretion. The present study investigated complex mutual relationships axis adiposity.

Language: Английский

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Brown Adipose Tissue—A Translational Perspective

Endocrine Reviews, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 44(2), P. 143 - 192

Published: May 29, 2022

Abstract Brown adipose tissue (BAT) displays the unique capacity to generate heat through uncoupled oxidative phosphorylation that makes it a very attractive therapeutic target for cardiometabolic diseases. Here, we review BAT cellular metabolism, its regulation by central nervous and endocrine systems circulating metabolites, plausible roles of this in human thermoregulation, energy balance, disorders, current knowledge on pharmacological stimulation humans. The definition measurement studies relies almost exclusively glucose uptake from positron emission tomography with 18F-fluorodeoxiglucose, which can be dissociated thermogenic activity, as example insulin-resistant states. most important substrate thermogenesis is intracellular fatty acid content mobilized sympathetic triglyceride lipolysis. This lipolytic response intertwined white (WAT) other metabolic tissues, cannot independently stimulated drugs tested thus far. an interesting biologically has yet fully selectively activated increase body’s shift balance. field research need methods able directly, specifically, reliably measure while also tracking related responses WAT tissues. Until achieved, uncertainty will remain about role played fascinating

Language: Английский

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Adipose Tissue and Metabolic Health

Diabetes & Metabolism Journal, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 47(5), P. 595 - 611

Published: Sept. 26, 2023

In this review, we provide a brief synopsis of the connections between adipose tissue and metabolic health highlight some recent developments in understanding exploiting adipocyte biology. Adipose plays critical roles regulation systemic glucose lipid metabolism secretes bioactive molecules possessing endocrine, paracrine, autocrine functions. Dysfunctional has detrimental impact on is intimately involved key aspects diseases such as insulin resistance, overload, inflammation, organelle stress. Differences distribution fat depots characteristics relate to divergent degrees dysfunction found metabolically healthy unhealthy obese individuals. Thermogenic adipocytes increase energy expenditure via mitochondrial uncoupling or adenosine triphosphate-consuming futile substrate cycles, while functioning sink participating crosstalk with other organs. Manipulation provides wealth opportunities intervene combat progression associated diseases. We discuss current treatment modalities for obesity including incretin hormone analogs touch upon emerging strategies therapeutic potential exosome-based therapy, pharmacological activation brown beige thermogenesis, administration inhibition adipocyte-derived factors.

Language: Английский

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An update on the secretory functions of brown, white, and beige adipose tissue: Towards therapeutic applications

Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 25(2), P. 279 - 308

Published: Dec. 5, 2023

Abstract Adipose tissue, including white adipose tissue (WAT), brown (BAT), and beige is vital in modulating whole-body energy metabolism. While WAT primarily stores energy, BAT dissipates as heat for thermoregulation. Beige a hybrid form of that shares characteristics with BAT. Dysregulation metabolism linked to various disorders, obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, infertility. Both adipocytes secrete multiple molecules, such batokines, packaged extracellular vesicles or soluble signaling molecules play autocrine, paracrine, endocrine roles. A greater understanding the adipocyte secretome essential identifying novel molecular targets treating metabolic disorders. Additionally, microRNAs show crucial roles regulating differentiation function, highlighting their potential biomarkers The browning has emerged promising therapeutic approach obesity associated Many agents have been identified, nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems developed enhance efficacy. This review scrutinizes differences between white, brown, tissues, mechanisms involved development adipocytes, significant regulatory active different tissues. Finally, atherosclerosis, relationship cancer fertility crosstalk circadian system disorders are also investigated.

Language: Английский

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Futile cycles: Emerging utility from apparent futility

Cell Metabolism, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 36(6), P. 1184 - 1203

Published: April 1, 2024

Futile cycles are biological phenomena where two opposing biochemical reactions run simultaneously, resulting in a net energy loss without appreciable productivity. Such state was presumed to be aberration and thus deemed an energy-wasting "futile" cycle. However, multiple pieces of evidence suggest that utilities emerge from futile cycles. A few established functions control metabolic sensitivity, modulate homeostasis, drive adaptive thermogenesis. Yet, the physiological regulation, implication, pathological relevance most remain poorly studied. In this review, we highlight abundance versatility propose classification scheme. We further discuss energetic implications various their impact on basal rate, bona fide tentative pathophysiological implications, putative drug interactions.

Language: Английский

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Pre-fertilization-origin preservation of brown fat-mediated energy expenditure in humans

Nature Metabolism, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 7, 2025

Language: Английский

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