Short chain fatty acids: Microbial metabolites for gut-brain axis signalling

Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 546, P. 111572 - 111572

Published: Jan. 20, 2022

The role of the intestinal microbiota as a regulator gut-brain axis signalling has risen to prominence in recent years. Understanding relationship between gut microbiota, metabolites it produces, and brain will be critical for subsequent development new therapeutic approaches, including identification novel psychobiotics. A key focus this regard have been short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) produced by bacterial fermentation dietary fibre, which include butyrate, acetate, propionate. Ongoing research is focused on entry SCFAs into systemic circulation from lumen, their migration cerebral across blood barrier, potential exert acute chronic effects structure function. This review aims discuss our current mechanistic understanding direct indirect influence that function, behaviour physiology, inform future microbiota-targeted interventions disorders.

Language: Английский

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Microbiota–gut–brain axis and its therapeutic applications in neurodegenerative diseases

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 9(1)

Published: Feb. 16, 2024

Abstract The human gastrointestinal tract is populated with a diverse microbial community. vast genetic and metabolic potential of the gut microbiome underpins its ubiquity in nearly every aspect biology, including health maintenance, development, aging, disease. advent new sequencing technologies culture-independent methods has allowed researchers to move beyond correlative studies toward mechanistic explorations shed light on microbiome–host interactions. Evidence unveiled bidirectional communication between central nervous system, referred as “microbiota–gut–brain axis”. microbiota–gut–brain axis represents an important regulator glial functions, making it actionable target ameliorate development progression neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we discuss mechanisms As provides essential cues microglia, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, examine communications microbiota these cells during healthy states Subsequently, diseases using metabolite-centric approach, while also examining role microbiota-related neurotransmitters hormones. Next, targeting intestinal barrier, blood–brain meninges, peripheral immune system counteract dysfunction neurodegeneration. Finally, conclude by assessing pre-clinical clinical evidence probiotics, prebiotics, fecal transplantation A thorough comprehension will foster effective therapeutic interventions for management

Language: Английский

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Short-chain fatty acids: linking diet, the microbiome and immunity

Nature reviews. Immunology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 24(8), P. 577 - 595

Published: April 2, 2024

Language: Английский

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Microbiota-derived metabolites as drivers of gut–brain communication

Gut Microbes, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: July 28, 2022

Alterations in the gut microbiota composition have been associated with a range of neurodevelopmental, neurodegenerative, and neuropsychiatric disorders. The microbes transform metabolize dietary- host-derived molecules generating diverse group metabolites local systemic effects. bi-directional communication between brain residing gut, so-called gut–brain axis, consists network immunological, neuronal, endocrine signaling pathways. Although full variety mechanisms crosstalk is yet to be established, existing data demonstrates that single metabolite or its derivatives are likely among key inductors within axis communication. However, more research needed understand molecular underlying how alter functions, examine if different interventional approaches targeting could used prevention treatment neurological disorders, as reviewed herein.Abbreviations:4-EPS 4-ethylphenylsulfate; 5-AVA(B) 5-aminovaleric acid (betaine); Aβ Amyloid beta protein; AhR Aryl hydrocarbon receptor; ASD Autism spectrum disorder; BBB Blood–brain barrier; BDNF Brain-derived neurotrophic factor; CNS Central nervous system; GABA ɣ-aminobutyric acid; GF Germ-free; MIA Maternal immune activation; SCFA Short-chain fatty 3M-4-TMAB 3-methyl-4-(trimethylammonio)butanoate; 4-TMAP 4-(trimethylammonio)pentanoate; TMA(O) Trimethylamine(-N-oxide); TUDCA Tauroursodeoxycholic ZO Zonula occludens proteins

Language: Английский

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Polystyrene Nanoplastics Toxicity to Zebrafish: Dysregulation of the Brain–Intestine–Microbiota Axis

ACS Nano, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 16(5), P. 8190 - 8204

Published: May 4, 2022

In animal species, the brain–gut axis is a complex bidirectional network between gastrointestinal (GI) tract and central nervous system (CNS) consisting of numerous microbial, immune, neuronal, hormonal pathways that profoundly impact organism development health. Although nanoplastics (NPs) have been shown to cause intestinal neural toxicity in fish, role neurotransmitter microbiota interactions underlying mechanism toxicity, particularly at environmentally relevant contaminant concentrations, remains unknown. Here, effect 44 nm polystyrene (PS-NPs) on brain–intestine–microbe embryo–larval zebrafish (Danio rerio) was investigated. Exposure 1, 10, 100 μg/L PS-NPs for 30 days inhibited growth adversely affected inflammatory responses permeability. Targeted metabolomics analysis revealed an alteration 42 metabolites involved neurotransmission. The content 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC; dopamine metabolite formed by monoamine oxidase activity) significantly decreased dose-dependent manner after PS-NP exposure. Changes 14 correlated with changes 3 microbial groups, including Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, as compared control group. A significant relationship Firmicutes homovanillic (0.466, Pearson correlation coefficient) evident. Eight altered (l-glutamine (Gln), 5-hydroxyindoleacetic (5-HIAA), serotonin, 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP), l-cysteine (Cys), l-glutamic (Glu), norepinephrine (NE), l-tryptophan (l-Trp)) had negative Proteobacteria although histamine (His) acetylcholine chloride (ACh chloride) levels were positively Proteobacteria. An Associated Network showed Bacteroidetes highly (0.969). Furthermore, accumulated offspring impaired F1 (2 h post-fertilization) embryos, reduced spontaneous movements, hatching rate, length. This demonstration transgenerational deficits particular concern. These findings suggest inflammation, inhibition, restricted zebrafish, which are strongly linked disrupted regulation within brain–intestine–microbiota axis. Our study provides insights into how xenobiotics can disrupt suggests these end points should be taken account when assessing environmental health risks aquatic organisms.

Language: Английский

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The microbiota–gut–brain axis: pathways to better brain health. Perspectives on what we know, what we need to investigate and how to put knowledge into practice

Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 79(2)

Published: Jan. 19, 2022

Abstract The gut and brain link via various metabolic signalling pathways, each with the potential to influence mental, cognitive health. Over past decade, involvement of microbiota in gut–brain communication has become focus increased scientific interest, establishing microbiota–gut–brain axis as a field research. There is growing number association studies exploring microbiota’s possible role memory, learning, anxiety, stress, neurodevelopmental neurodegenerative disorders. Consequently, attention now turning how can target nutritional therapeutic strategies for improved health well-being. However, while such that function are currently under development varying levels success, still very little yet known about triggers mechanisms underlying apparent on or most evidence comes from pre-clinical rather than well controlled clinical trials/investigations. Filling knowledge gaps requires standardised methodology human studies, including strong guidance specific areas axis, need more extensive biological sample analyses, identification relevant biomarkers. Other urgent requirements new advanced models vitro vivo mechanisms, greater omics technologies supporting bioinformatics resources (training, tools) efficiently translate study findings, targets populations. key building validated base rely increasing sharing multi-disciplinary collaborations, along continued public–private funding support. This will allow research move its next phase so we identify realistic opportunities modulate better

Language: Английский

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Dietary regulation in health and disease

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 7(1)

Published: July 23, 2022

Nutriments have been deemed to impact all physiopathologic processes. Recent evidences in molecular medicine and clinical trials demonstrated that adequate nutrition treatments are the golden criterion for extending healthspan delaying ageing various species such as yeast, drosophila, rodent, primate human. It emerges develop precision-nutrition therapeutics slow age-related biological processes treat diverse diseases. However, nutritive advantages frequently diversify among individuals well organs tissues, which brings challenges this field. In review, we summarize different forms of dietary interventions extensively prescribed improvement disease treatment pre-clinical or clinical. We discuss nutrient-mediated mechanisms including metabolic regulators, metabolism pathways, epigenetic circadian clocks. Comparably, describe diet-responsive effectors by influence endocrinic, immunological, microbial neural states responsible improving health preventing multiple diseases humans. Furthermore, expatiate patterns dietotheroapies, fasting, calorie-restricted diet, ketogenic high-fibre plants-based protein restriction diet with specific reduction amino acids microelements, potentially affecting morbid states. Altogether, emphasize profound nutritional therapy, highlight crosstalk explored critical factors individualized therapeutic approaches predictors.

Language: Английский

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Maternal inflammation and its ramifications on fetal neurodevelopment

Trends in Immunology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 43(3), P. 230 - 244

Published: Feb. 5, 2022

Language: Английский

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Dietary inulin alleviated constipation induced depression and anxiety-like behaviors: Involvement of gut microbiota and microbial metabolite short-chain fatty acid

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 259, P. 129420 - 129420

Published: Jan. 13, 2024

Language: Английский

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The communication mechanism of the gut-brain axis and its effect on central nervous system diseases: A systematic review

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 178, P. 117207 - 117207

Published: July 26, 2024

Language: Английский

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