Insect Diapause

Published: Jan. 13, 2022

Our highly seasonal world restricts insect activity to brief portions of the year. This feature necessitates a sophisticated interpretation changes and enactment mechanisms for bringing development halt then reinitiating it when inimical season is past. The dormant state diapause serves bridge unfavourable seasons, its timing provides powerful mechanism synchronizing development. book explores how signals are monitored used by insects enact specific molecular pathways that generate phenotype. broad perspective offered here scales from ecological thus comprehensive view this exciting vibrant research field, offering insights on topics ranging pest management, evolution, speciation, climate change disease transmission, human health, as well analogies with other forms invertebrate dormancy mammalian hibernation.

Language: Английский

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Evolutionary impacts of winter climate change on insects

Current Opinion in Insect Science, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 41, P. 54 - 62

Published: June 17, 2020

Language: Английский

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EYES ABSENT and TIMELESS integrate photoperiodic and temperature cues to regulate seasonal physiology in Drosophila

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 117(26), P. 15293 - 15304

Published: June 15, 2020

Organisms possess photoperiodic timing mechanisms to detect variations in day length and temperature as the seasons progress. The nature of molecular interpreting signaling these environmental changes elicit downstream neuroendocrine physiological responses are just starting emerge. Here, we demonstrate that, Drosophila melanogaster, EYES ABSENT (EYA) acts a seasonal sensor by trigger appropriate responses. We observed that tissue-specific genetic manipulation eya expression is sufficient disrupt ability flies sense cues, thereby altering extent female reproductive dormancy. Specifically, EYA proteins, which peak at night short photoperiod accumulate higher levels cold, promote dormancy D. melanogaster Furthermore, provide evidence indicating role photoperiodism sensing aided stabilizing action light-sensitive circadian clock protein TIMELESS (TIM). postulate increased stability level TIM under together with production cold-induced light-insensitive isoforms facilitate accumulation winter conditions. This supported our observations tim null mutants exhibit reduced incidence simulated conditions, while overexpressing show an even long photoperiod.

Language: Английский

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Rapid adaptation in a fast‐changing world: Emerging insights from insect genomics

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 29(4), P. 943 - 954

Published: Nov. 5, 2022

Many researchers have questioned the ability of biota to adapt rapid anthropogenic environmental shifts. Here, we synthesize emerging genomic evidence for insect evolution in response human pressure. These new data reveal diverse mechanisms (single locus, polygenic, structural shifts; introgression) underpinning adaptive responses a variety selective pressures. While effects some impacts (e.g. pollution; pesticides) been previously documented, here highlight startling evolutionary additional processes such as deforestation. recent findings indicate that assemblages can indeed respond dynamically major challenges. Our synthesis also emphasizes critical roles architecture, standing variation and gene flow maintaining future potential. Broadly, it is clear approaches are essential predicting, monitoring responding ongoing biodiversity shifts fast-changing world.

Language: Английский

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Molecular Mechanisms of Winter Survival

Annual Review of Entomology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 68(1), P. 319 - 339

Published: Oct. 7, 2022

Winter provides many challenges for insects, including direct injury to tissues and energy drain due low food availability. As a result, the geographic distribution of species is tightly coupled their ability survive winter. In this review, we summarize molecular processes associated with winter survival, particular focus on coping cold energetic challenges. Anticipatory such as acclimation diapause cause wholesale transcriptional reorganization that increases resistance promotes cryoprotectant production storage. Molecular responses temperature are also dynamic include signaling events during after stressor prevent repair injury. addition, highlight mechanisms subject selection insects evolve variable conditions. Based current knowledge, despite common threads, survival vary considerably across species, taxonomic biases must be addressed fully appreciate mechanistic basis insect phylogeny.

Language: Английский

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Adaptive evolution to the natural and anthropogenic environment in a global invasive crop pest, the cotton bollworm

The Innovation, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 4(4), P. 100454 - 100454

Published: May 31, 2023

•Population genomics reveals global population connectivity in the cotton bollworm.•Adaptation highly connected populations of a major agricultural pest.•Genetic variation enables evolution cold tolerance bollworm.•Climate and human activity shape crop pest Helicoverpa armigera. The bollworm, armigera, is set to become most economically devastating world, threatening food security biosafety as its range expands across globe. Key understanding eco-evolutionary dynamics H. thus management, an adaptations that allow establish unique environments. We assembled chromosome-scale reference genome re-sequenced 503 individuals spanning species delineate patterns connectivity, uncovering previously cryptic structure. Using genome-wide association study (GWAS) cell line expression effect loci, we show adaptive changes temperature- light-sensitive developmental pathway enable facultative diapause adaptation trehalose synthesis transport underlies extreme Incorporating extensive pesticide resistance monitoring, also characterize suite novel Bt alleles under selection East China. These findings offer avenues for more effective management strategies provide insight into how insects adapt variable climatic conditions newly colonized

Language: Английский

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Coupling of Barriers to Gene Exchange: Causes and Consequences

Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(8), P. a041432 - a041432

Published: Jan. 8, 2024

Erik B. Dopman1, Kerry L. Shaw2, Maria R. Servedio3, Roger K. Butlin4,5 and Carole M. Smadja6 1Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA 2Department Neurobiology Behavior, Cornell Ithaca, New York 14853, 3Department University North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Carolina 27599, 4Ecology Evolutionary School Biosciences, The Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom 5Department Marine Sciences, Gothenburg, Gothenburg 40530, Sweden 6Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution Montpellier ISEM, Universite Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, 34095, France Correspondence: erik.dopman{at}tufts.edu

Language: Английский

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Neuropeptidergic regulation of insect diapause by the circadian clock

Current Opinion in Insect Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 63, P. 101198 - 101198

Published: April 6, 2024

Diapause is an endocrine-mediated strategy used by insects to survive seasons of adverse environmental conditions. Insects living in temperate zones are regularly exposed such conditions the form winter. To winter, they must prepare for it long before arrives. A reliable indicator impending winter shortening day length. measure length, need their circadian clock as internal time reference. In this article, I provide overview current state knowledge on neuropeptides that link diapause inducing hormonal brain centers.

Language: Английский

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Genome-wide variation and transcriptional changes in diverse developmental processes underlie the rapid evolution of seasonal adaptation

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 117(38), P. 23960 - 23969

Published: Sept. 8, 2020

Significance Organisms living in seasonal environments must synchronize their growth and reproduction to favorable times of the year. Our study highlights how timing dormancy can rapidly evolve insects with changes food sources. Dormancy is often conceptualized as suspended animation or arrested development, but our results suggest slow, progressive development during dormancy, rate affected by many genes. Moreover, a population that recently shifted source available earlier year has evolved through those same This shows complex genetics facilitate adaptation while also leveraging rapid shift phenology understand developmental regulation fundamental life-history trait environments.

Language: Английский

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Unique genetic signatures of local adaptation over space and time for diapause, an ecologically relevant complex trait, in Drosophila melanogaster

PLoS Genetics, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 16(11), P. e1009110 - e1009110

Published: Nov. 20, 2020

Organisms living in seasonally variable environments utilize cues such as light and temperature to induce plastic responses, enabling them exploit favorable seasons avoid unfavorable ones. Local adapation can result variation seasonal but the genetic basis evolutionary history of this remains elusive. Many insects, including Drosophila melanogaster, are able undergo an arrest reproductive development (diapause) response conditions. In D. ability diapause is more common high latitude populations, where flies endure harsher winters, spring, reflecting differential survivorship overwintering populations. Using a novel hybrid swarm-based genome wide association study, we examined ovarian diapause. We exposed outbred females different temperatures day lengths, characterized for over 2800 flies, reconstructed their complete, phased genomes. found that diapause, scored at two developmental cutoffs, has modest heritability, identified hundreds SNPs associated with each phenotypes. Alleles one phenotypes tend be higher latitudes, these alleles do not show predictable variation. The collective signal many small-effect, clinally varying plausibly explain latitudinal seen North America. segregating Zambia, suggesting relies on ancestral polymorphisms, both pro- anti-diapause have experienced selection Finally, utilized outdoor mesocosms track under natural swarms reared outdoors evolved increased propensity late fall, whereas indoor control populations no change. Our results indicate complex, quantitative trait patterns across time space.

Language: Английский

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