Insect Diapause

Published: Jan. 13, 2022

Our highly seasonal world restricts insect activity to brief portions of the year. This feature necessitates a sophisticated interpretation changes and enactment mechanisms for bringing development halt then reinitiating it when inimical season is past. The dormant state diapause serves bridge unfavourable seasons, its timing provides powerful mechanism synchronizing development. book explores how signals are monitored used by insects enact specific molecular pathways that generate phenotype. broad perspective offered here scales from ecological thus comprehensive view this exciting vibrant research field, offering insights on topics ranging pest management, evolution, speciation, climate change disease transmission, human health, as well analogies with other forms invertebrate dormancy mammalian hibernation.

Language: Английский

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A unifying, eco‐physiological framework for animal dormancy

Functional Ecology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 35(1), P. 11 - 31

Published: Nov. 12, 2020

Abstract Various animals across the tree of life express some form programmed dormancy (e.g. hibernation, diapause) to maximize fitness in highly seasonal environments. The integrated phenotype undergoing is strikingly similar among diverse groups; however, research on has historically been phylogenetically siloed. A broad comparative approach could clarify new angles for answering fundamental questions about evolution. To advance this approach, we present a cross‐taxonomic framework describing dimensions that distinguish animal dormancies and provide set core traits regulate as they progress through eco‐physiological phases deep, dormancy. We use universal explore ultimate drivers evolutionary consequences life. Deep, appears be predictable repeated adaptation environments draws conserved suite ancestral traits. highlight evidence molecular convergence signalling pathways coordinating environmental sensing energy metabolism insect mammal lineages, separated by 700 million years evolution representing independent colonizations Lastly, discuss utility opportunities challenges researchers continue advancing our understanding broad, lens. free Plain Language Summary can found within Supporting Information article.

Language: Английский

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Rapid adaptation in a fast‐changing world: Emerging insights from insect genomics

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 29(4), P. 943 - 954

Published: Nov. 5, 2022

Many researchers have questioned the ability of biota to adapt rapid anthropogenic environmental shifts. Here, we synthesize emerging genomic evidence for insect evolution in response human pressure. These new data reveal diverse mechanisms (single locus, polygenic, structural shifts; introgression) underpinning adaptive responses a variety selective pressures. While effects some impacts (e.g. pollution; pesticides) been previously documented, here highlight startling evolutionary additional processes such as deforestation. recent findings indicate that assemblages can indeed respond dynamically major challenges. Our synthesis also emphasizes critical roles architecture, standing variation and gene flow maintaining future potential. Broadly, it is clear approaches are essential predicting, monitoring responding ongoing biodiversity shifts fast-changing world.

Language: Английский

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Molecular Mechanisms of Winter Survival

Annual Review of Entomology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 68(1), P. 319 - 339

Published: Oct. 7, 2022

Winter provides many challenges for insects, including direct injury to tissues and energy drain due low food availability. As a result, the geographic distribution of species is tightly coupled their ability survive winter. In this review, we summarize molecular processes associated with winter survival, particular focus on coping cold energetic challenges. Anticipatory such as acclimation diapause cause wholesale transcriptional reorganization that increases resistance promotes cryoprotectant production storage. Molecular responses temperature are also dynamic include signaling events during after stressor prevent repair injury. addition, highlight mechanisms subject selection insects evolve variable conditions. Based current knowledge, despite common threads, survival vary considerably across species, taxonomic biases must be addressed fully appreciate mechanistic basis insect phylogeny.

Language: Английский

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A Linkage-Based Genome Assembly for the Mosquito Aedes albopictus and Identification of Chromosomal Regions Affecting Diapause

Insects, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12(2), P. 167 - 167

Published: Feb. 16, 2021

The Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus, is an invasive vector mosquito of substantial public health concern. large genome size (~1.19–1.28 Gb by cytofluorometric estimates), comprised ~68% repetitive DNA sequences, has made it difficult to produce a high-quality assembly for this species. We constructed high-density linkage map Ae. albopictus based on 111,328 informative SNPs obtained RNAseq. then performed linkage-map anchored reassembly AalbF2, the produced Palatini et al. (2020). Our reassembled sequence, AalbF3, represents several improvements relative AalbF2. First, AalbF3 1.45 Gb, almost half Furthermore, contains higher proportion complete and single-copy BUSCO genes (84.3%) aligned RNAseq reads that concordantly single location (46%). demonstrate utility using as reference bulk-segregant-based comparative genomics analysis identifies chromosomal regions with clusters candidate putatively associated photoperiodic diapause, crucial ecological adaptation underpinning rapid range expansion climatic A. albopictus.

Language: Английский

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Conserved cold tolerance of Rhagoletis species from different host fruits and elevations in Colorado, USA

Physiological Entomology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 49(3), P. 216 - 226

Published: April 25, 2024

Abstract Understanding and characterizing how insects tolerate low temperatures is important for predicting their overwintering survival subsequent geographic spread. This study characterized the cold tolerance of two members Rhagoletis genus (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Colorado, USA. Pupae were collected from infested fruits late summer early fall. For first time, we show that rosehip fly basiola Osten Sacken freeze‐avoidant; pupae could supercool to as −26°C survive. Interestingly, temperature at which ice forms (supercooling point; SCP) did not vary between R. high (c. 2900 m above sea level [m a.s.l.]) lower 1650 a.s.l.) elevations. We also report apple maggot pomonella Walsh infesting an unusual host fruit, Dolgo crabapple, close proximity hawthorn trees. crabapples had similar SCPs survived −21°C. both prolonged exposure (2 weeks or more) mild (0 −5°C). Further into mechanisms underlying impressive conserved interesting avenue future research.

Language: Английский

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Seasonality of forest insects: why diapause matters

Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 39(8), P. 757 - 770

Published: May 22, 2024

Insects have major impacts on forest ecosystems, from herbivory and soil-nutrient cycling to killing trees at a large scale. Forest insects temperate, tropical, subtropical regions evolved strategies respond seasonality; for example, by entering diapause, mitigate adversity synchronize lifecycles with favorable periods. Here, we show that distinct functional groups of insects; is, canopy dwellers, trunk-associated species, soil/litter-inhabiting insects, express variety diapause strategies, but do not systematic differences in strategy depending group. Due the overall similarities can better estimate anthropogenic change insect populations and, consequently, key ecosystems.

Language: Английский

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Variation in Thermal Sensitivity of Diapause Development among Individuals and over Time Predicts Life History Timing in a Univoltine Insect

The American Naturalist, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 203(6), P. E200 - E217

Published: Jan. 19, 2024

Language: Английский

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Cold tolerance and diapause within and across trophic levels: Endoparasitic wasps and their fly host have similar phenotypes

Journal of Insect Physiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 146, P. 104501 - 104501

Published: March 13, 2023

Language: Английский

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Life under the snow: A year‐round transcriptome analysis of Antarctic mosses in natural habitats provides insight into the molecular adaptation of plants under extreme environment

Plant Cell & Environment, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 47(3), P. 976 - 991

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Abstract Mosses are vital components of ecosystems, exhibiting remarkable adaptability across diverse habitats from deserts to polar ice caps. Sanionia uncinata (Hedw.) Loeske, a dominant Antarctic moss survives extreme environmental condition through perennial lifecycles involving growth and dormancy alternation. This study explores genetic controls molecular mechanisms enabling S. cope with seasonality the environment. We analysed seasonal transcriptome dynamics collected monthly February 2015 January 2016 in King George Island, Antarctica. Findings indicate that genes involved plant were predominantly upregulated summer, while those associated protein synthesis cell cycle showed marked expression during winter‐to‐summer transition. Genes implicated cellular stress abscisic acid signalling highly expressed winter. Further, validation included comparison field data controlled environment simulation summer winter temperatures, which revealed consistent gene patterns both datasets. proposes regulatory model uncinate understand adaptation environments. Additionally, this set is valuable resource for predicting responses climatic fluctuations, enhancing our knowledge flora's resilience global climate change.

Language: Английский

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