Effects of Spike Mutations in SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern on Human or Animal ACE2-Mediated Virus Entry and Neutralization DOI
Yunjeong Kim, Natasha N. Gaudreault, David A. Meekins

et al.

Microbiology Spectrum, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10(3)

Published: May 31, 2022

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a zoonotic agent capable of infecting humans and wide range animal species. Over the duration pandemic, mutations in SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein have arisen, culminating spread several variants concern (VOCs) with various degrees altered virulence, transmissibility, neutralizing antibody escape. In this study, we used pseudoviruses that express specific S substitutions cell lines angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE2) from nine different species to gain insights into effects VOC on viral entry neutralization capability. All ACE2 receptors tested, except mink, support for expressing ancestral prototype at levels comparable human ACE2. Most single did not significantly change virus entry, although 614G 484K resulted decreased efficiency. Conversely, combinatorial were associated increased pseudoviruses. Neutralizing titers sera reduced against proteins Beta, Delta, or Omicron VOCs compared parental protein. Especially, variant sera. This study reveals important host effect recently emergent replication, antibody-mediated neutralization.

Language: Английский

SARS-CoV-2 vaccination induces immunological T cell memory able to cross-recognize variants from Alpha to Omicron DOI Creative Commons
Alison Tarke, Camila H. Coelho, Zeli Zhang

et al.

Cell, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 185(5), P. 847 - 859.e11

Published: Jan. 24, 2022

Language: Английский

Citations

776
The origins of SARS-CoV-2: A critical review DOI Creative Commons
Edward C. Holmes, Stephen A. Goldstein, Angela L. Rasmussen

et al.

Cell, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 184(19), P. 4848 - 4856

Published: Aug. 19, 2021

Language: Английский

Citations

450
Evolution of the SARS‐CoV‐2 omicron variants BA.1 to BA.5: Implications for immune escape and transmission DOI
Lok Bahadur Shrestha, Charles S. P. Foster, William D. Rawlinson

et al.

Reviews in Medical Virology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 32(5)

Published: July 20, 2022

Abstract The first dominant SARS‐CoV‐2 Omicron variant BA.1 harbours 35 mutations in its Spike protein from the original that emerged late 2019. Soon after discovery, rapidly to become worldwide and has since evolved into several variants. is of major public health concern owing high infectivity antibody evasion. This review article examines theories have been proposed on evolution including zoonotic spillage, infection immunocompromised individuals cryptic spread community without being diagnosed. Added complexity Omicron's are multiple reports recombination events occurring between co‐circulating variants with Delta other such as XE. Current literature suggests combination novel resulted having higher than Wuhan‐Hu‐1 variant. However, severity believed be less reduced syncytia formation lower multiplication human lung tissue. Perhaps most challenging studies indicate efficacy available vaccines against (8–127 times reduction) compared administration booster vaccine, however, compensates reduction improves by 12–35 fold. Concerningly though, broadly neutralising monoclonal antibodies, those approved FDA for therapeutic use previous variants, mostly ineffective exception Sotrovimab recent suggest BA.2 also resistant Sotrovimab. Currently two new BA.4 BA.5 emerging reported more transmissible immunity generated antibodies. As will likely continue emerge it important evolution, biological consequences mutations, existing well understood.

Language: Английский

Citations

415
Revisiting COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy around the world using data from 23 countries in 2021 DOI Creative Commons
Jeffrey V. Lazarus, Katarzyna Wyka, Trenton M. White

et al.

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: July 1, 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic continues to impact daily life, including health system operations, despite the availability of vaccines that are effective in greatly reducing risks death and severe disease. Misperceptions vaccine safety, efficacy, risks, mistrust institutions responsible for vaccination campaigns have been reported as factors contributing hesitancy. This study investigated hesitancy globally June 2021. Nationally representative samples 1,000 individuals from 23 countries were surveyed. Data analyzed descriptively, weighted multivariable logistic regressions used explore associations with Here, we show more than three-fourths (75.2%) 23,000 respondents report acceptance, up 71.5% one year earlier. Across all countries, is associated a lack trust safety science, skepticism about its efficacy. Vaccine hesitant also highly resistant required proof vaccination; 31.7%, 20%, 15%, 14.8% approve requiring it access international travel, indoor activities, employment, public schools, respectively. For ongoing succeed improving coverage going forward, substantial challenges remain be overcome. These include increasing among those reporting lower confidence addition expanding low- middle-income countries.

Language: Английский

Citations

344
Alpha to Omicron: Disease Severity and Clinical Outcomes of Major SARS-CoV-2 Variants DOI Open Access
Frank Esper,

Thamali M. Adhikari,

Zheng Jin Tu

et al.

The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 227(3), P. 344 - 352

Published: Oct. 10, 2022

Four severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants predominated in the United States since 2021. Understanding disease severity related to different SARS-CoV-2 remains limited.Viral genome analysis was performed on clinical isolates circulating March 2021 through 2022 Cleveland, Ohio. Major were correlated with and patient outcomes.In total 2779 patients identified either Alpha (n 1153), Gamma 122), Delta 808), or Omicron 696) selected for analysis. No difference frequency of hospitalization, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, death found among Alpha, Gamma, variants. However, infection significantly less likely be admitted hospital, require oxygen, admission ICU (2 12.8, P .001; 21.6, .002; 9.6, .01, respectively). In whose vaccination status known, a substantial number had breakthrough infections (218/808 [26.9] 513/696 [73.7], infections, hospitalization rate similar regardless variant by multivariate between subvariants BA.1 BA.2.Disease associated is comparable while are severe. Breakthrough more common infection.

Language: Английский

Citations

119
SARS‐CoV‐2 variants and vulnerability at the global level DOI Creative Commons
Vivek P. Chavda, Aayushi Patel, Darsh D. Vaghasiya

et al.

Journal of Medical Virology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 94(7), P. 2986 - 3005

Published: March 12, 2022

Numerous variants of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic have evolved. Viral may evolve with harmful susceptibility to immunity established existing COVID-19 vaccination. These are more transmissible, induce relatively extreme illness, evasive immunological features, decrease neutralization using antibodies from vaccinated persons, and susceptible re-infection. The Centers for Disease Control Prevention (CDC) has categorized SARS-CoV-2 mutations as interest (VOI), concern (VOC), high consequence (VOHC). At moment, four VOC many been defined require constant observation. This review article summarizes various surfaced special emphasis on VOCs that spreading across world, well several viral mutational impacts how these modifications alter properties virus.

Language: Английский

Citations

110
SARS-CoV-2 Beta variant infection elicits potent lineage-specific and cross-reactive antibodies DOI Creative Commons
S. Momsen Reincke, Meng Yuan, Hans‐Christian Kornau

et al.

Science, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 375(6582), P. 782 - 787

Published: Feb. 17, 2022

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Beta variant of concern (VOC) resists neutralization by major classes antibodies from COVID-19 patients and vaccinated individuals. In this study, serum Beta-infected revealed reduced cross-neutralization wild-type virus. From these patients, we isolated Beta-specific cross-reactive receptor-binding domain (RBD) antibodies. The Beta-specificity results recruitment VOC-specific clonotypes accommodation mutations present in Omicron into a antibody class that is normally sensitive to mutations. Beta-elicited share genetic structural features with wild type-elicited antibodies, including public VH1-58 clonotype targets the RBD ridge. These findings advance our understanding response SARS-CoV-2 shaped antigenic drift, implications for design next-generation vaccines therapeutics.

Language: Английский

Citations

81
Prevalence of persistent SARS-CoV-2 in a large community surveillance study DOI Creative Commons
Mahan Ghafari, Matthew Hall, Tanya Golubchik

et al.

Nature, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 626(8001), P. 1094 - 1101

Published: Feb. 21, 2024

Persistent SARS-CoV-2 infections may act as viral reservoirs that could seed future outbreaks

Language: Английский

Citations

66
Global landscape of SARS-CoV-2 mutations and conserved regions DOI Creative Commons
Mohammad Hadi Abbasian, Mohammadamin Mahmanzar, Karim Rahimian

et al.

Journal of Translational Medicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 21(1)

Published: Feb. 25, 2023

Abstract Background At the end of December 2019, a novel strain Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) disease (COVID-19) has been identified in Wuhan, central city China, and then spread to every corner globe. As October 8, 2022, total number COVID-19 cases had reached over 621 million worldwide, with more than 6.56 confirmed deaths. Since SARS-CoV-2 genome sequences change due mutation recombination, it is pivotal surveil emerging variants monitor changes for improving pandemic management. Methods 10,287,271 sequence samples were downloaded FASTA format from GISAID databases February 24, 2020, April 2022. Python programming language (version 3.8.0) software was utilized process files identify conservation. The NCBI RefSeq (accession no. NC_045512.2) considered as reference sequence. Results Six mutations 50% frequency global SARS-CoV-2. These include P323L (99.3%) NSP12, D614G (97.6) S, T492I (70.4) NSP4, R203M (62.8%) N, T60A (61.4%) Orf9b, P1228L (50.0%) NSP3. In genome, no observed 90% nsp11, nsp7, nsp10, nsp9, nsp8, nsp16 regions. On other hand, nsp3, nsp4, nsp12, M maximum rate mutations. S protein, highest aa 508–635(0.77%) 381–508 (0.43%). 66–88 (2.19%), 7–14, 164–246 (2.92%) M, E, N proteins, respectively. Conclusion Therefore, monitoring proteomic detecting hot spots conserved regions could be applied improve SARS‐CoV‐2 diagnostic efficiency design safe effective vaccines against variants.

Language: Английский

Citations

62
From Alpha to Omicron: How Different Variants of Concern of the SARS-Coronavirus-2 Impacted the World DOI Creative Commons

Mickensone Andre,

Lee-Seng Lau,

Marissa D. Pokharel

et al.

Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(9), P. 1267 - 1267

Published: Sept. 21, 2023

SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, is prone to mutations and generation of genetic variants. Since its first outbreak in 2019, SARS-CoV-2 has continually evolved, resulting emergence several lineages variants concern (VOC) have gained more efficient transmission, severity, immune evasion properties. The World Health Organization given these names according letters Greek Alphabet, starting with Alpha (B.1.1.7) variant, which emerged 2020, followed by Beta (B.1.351), Gamma (P.1), Delta (B.1.617.2), Omicron (B.1.1.529) This review explores variation among different VOCs how made a global impact on pandemic.

Language: Английский

Citations

55