Effort drives saccade selection DOI Creative Commons
Damian Koevoet,

Laura Van Zantwijk,

Marnix Naber

et al.

eLife, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: April 7, 2025

What determines where to move the eyes? We recently showed that pupil size, a well-established marker of effort, also reflects effort associated with making saccade (‘saccade costs’). Here, we demonstrate costs critically drive selection: when choosing between any two directions, least costly direction was consistently preferred. Strikingly, this principle even held during search in natural scenes additional experiments. When increasing cognitive demand experimentally through an auditory counting task, participants made fewer saccades and especially cut directions. This suggests eye-movement system other operations consume similar resources are flexibly allocated among each as changes. Together, argue behavior is tuned adaptively minimize saccade-inherent effort.

Language: Английский

Somatostatin neurons in prefrontal cortex initiate sleep-preparatory behavior and sleep via the preoptic and lateral hypothalamus DOI Creative Commons
Kyoko Tossell, Xiao Yu, Panagiotis Giannos

et al.

Nature Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 26(10), P. 1805 - 1819

Published: Sept. 21, 2023

The prefrontal cortex (PFC) enables mammals to respond situations, including internal states, with appropriate actions. One such state could be 'tiredness'. Here, using activity tagging in the mouse PFC, we identified particularly excitable, fast-spiking, somatostatin-expressing, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) (PFC

Language: Английский

Citations

28

Psychosocial experiences are associated with human brain mitochondrial biology DOI Creative Commons
Caroline Trumpff, Anna S. Monzel, Carmen Sandi

et al.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 121(27)

Published: June 18, 2024

Psychosocial experiences affect brain health and aging trajectories, but the molecular pathways underlying these associations remain unclear. Normal function relies on energy transformation by mitochondria oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos). Two main lines of evidence position both as targets drivers psychosocial experiences. On one hand, chronic stress exposure mood states may alter multiple aspects mitochondrial biology; other functional variations in OxPhos capacity social behavior, reactivity, mood. But are exposures subjective linked to biology human brain? By combining longitudinal antemortem assessments factors with postmortem (dorsolateral prefrontal cortex) proteomics older adults, we find that higher well-being is greater abundance machinery, whereas negative lower protein content. Combined, positive explained 18 25% variance complex I, primary biochemical entry point energizes mitochondria. Moreover, interrogating psychobiological specific neuronal nonneuronal cells single-nucleus RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) revealed strong cell-type-specific for glia opposite neurons. As a result, “mind-mitochondria” were masked bulk RNA-seq, highlighting likely underestimation true effect sizes tissues. Thus, self-reported phenotypes.

Language: Английский

Citations

16

Self-Control and Limited Willpower: Current Status of Ego Depletion Theory and Research DOI Creative Commons
Roy F. Baumeister, Nathalie André,

Daniel A. Southwick

et al.

Current Opinion in Psychology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 60, P. 101882 - 101882

Published: Sept. 6, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

13

What Is Mental Effort: A Clinical Perspective DOI Creative Commons
Noham Wolpe, Richard Holton, Paul C. Fletcher

et al.

Biological Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 95(11), P. 1030 - 1037

Published: Feb. 1, 2024

Although mental effort is a frequently used term, it poorly defined and understood. Consequently, its usage loose potentially misleading. In neuroscience research, the term to mean both cognitive 'work' that done in meeting task demands, subjective experience of performing work. We argue conflating these two meanings hampers progress understanding impairments neuropsychiatric conditions, because work have distinct underlying mechanisms. suggest most coherent clinically useful perspective on experience. This makes clear distinction between arising from changes apparatus, as dementia brain injury, those difficulties carrying out work, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, depression, other motivational disorders. review recent advances suggesting has emerged control switches so minimise 'costs' relative 'benefits.' consider how can contribute our increased perception clinical populations. more specific framing will offer deeper mechanisms differing groups, ultimately facilitate better therapeutic interventions.

Language: Английский

Citations

10

Experimental evidence that exerting effort increases meaning DOI Creative Commons
Aidan Vern Campbell,

Yiyi Wang,

Michael Inzlicht

et al.

Cognition, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 257, P. 106065 - 106065

Published: Jan. 23, 2025

Efficiency demands that we work smarter and not harder, but is this better for our wellbeing? Here, ask if exerting effort on a task can increase feelings of meaning purpose. In six studies (N = 2883), manipulated how much participants exerted then assessed meaningful they found those tasks. Studies 1 2, presented hypothetical scenarios whereby imagined themselves (or others) more or less writing task, asked believed would derive. Study 3, randomly assigned to complete inherently meaningless tasks were harder easier complete, again them the 4 varied difficulty assignment by involving excluding ChatGPT assistance evaluated its meaningfulness. 5 investigated cognitive dissonance as potential explanatory mechanism. 6, tested shape effort-meaning relationship. all studies, exerting), derived deriving), though results 6 show only up point. These suggest causal link, begets meaning. They also part reason link exists feeling competence mastery, although evidence preliminary inconsistent. We no effects caused post-hoc justification (i.e., dissonance). Effort, beyond being mere cost, source personal value, fundamentally influencing individuals observers perceive derive satisfaction from

Language: Английский

Citations

1

Effort Drives Saccade Selection DOI Open Access
Damian Koevoet,

Laura Van Zantwijk,

Marnix Naber

et al.

Published: Feb. 28, 2025

What determines where to move the eyes? We recently showed that pupil size, a well-established marker of effort, also reflects effort associated with making saccade (’saccade costs’). Here we demonstrate costs critically drive selection: when choosing between any two directions, least costly direction was consistently preferred. Strikingly, this principle even held during search in natural scenes additional experiments. When increasing cognitive demand experimentally through an auditory counting task, participants made fewer saccades and especially cut directions. This suggests eye-movement system other operations consume similar resources are flexibly allocated among each as changes. Together, argue behavior is tuned adaptively minimize saccade-inherent effort.

Language: Английский

Citations

1

What is sleep exactly? Global and local modulations of sleep oscillations all around the clock DOI Creative Commons
Thomas Andrillon, Delphine Oudiette

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 155, P. 105465 - 105465

Published: Nov. 15, 2023

Wakefulness, non-rapid eye-movement (NREM) and rapid (REM) sleep differ from each other along three dimensions: behavioral, phenomenological, physiological. Although these dimensions often fluctuate in step, they can also dissociate. The current paradigm that views as made of global NREM REM states fail to account for dissociations. This conundrum be dissolved by stressing the existence significance local regulation sleep. We will review evidence animals humans, healthy pathological brains, showing different forms consequences on behavior, cognition, subjective experience. Altogether, we argue notion provides a unified host phenomena: dreaming sleep, parasomnias, intrasleep responsiveness, inattention mind wandering wakefulness. Yet, physiological origins or its putative functions remain unclear. Exploring further could provide unique novel perspective how why

Language: Английский

Citations

20

The Costs of Paying Overt and Covert Attention Assessed With Pupillometry DOI Creative Commons
Damian Koevoet, Christoph Strauch, Marnix Naber

et al.

Psychological Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 34(8), P. 887 - 898

Published: June 14, 2023

Attention can be shifted with or without an accompanying saccade (i.e., overtly covertly, respectively). Thus far, it is unknown how cognitively costly these shifts are, yet such quantification necessary to understand and when attention deployed covertly. In our first experiment (N = 24 adults), we used pupillometry show that shifting more than likely because planning saccades complex. We pose differential costs will, in part, determine whether covertly a given context. A subsequent adults) showed relatively complex oblique are simple horizontal vertical directions. This provides possible explanation for the cardinal-direction bias of saccades. The utility cost perspective as presented here vital furthering understanding multitude decisions involved processing interacting external world efficiently.

Language: Английский

Citations

16

COGNITIVE RESTORATION IN FOLLOWING EXPOSURE TO GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE: AN EYE-TRACKING STUDY DOI Open Access
Hanliang Fu,

Pengdong Xue

Journal of Green Building, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 18(2), P. 65 - 88

Published: March 1, 2023

ABSTRACT Complex stimuli in urban environments often lead to cognitive fatigue residents. As a result, there is growing demand from residents for restorative environments. Previous research has shown that the pure natural environment wild can help people achieve restoration. However, little attention been paid restoration through exposure green infrastructure. Based on Attention Restoration Theory (ART), this study conducted an eye-tracking experiment controlled laboratory investigate effects of two view types, infrastructure and urban, individuals’ The results show positive effect functioning participants experiment. reflected directed attention. Less effort important factor contributing Nature-relatedness plays vital role eye movement behaviour individuals when viewing landscape pictures benefits cognition.

Language: Английский

Citations

15

Emotions and attentional engagement in the attention-based view of the firm DOI Creative Commons
Timo Vuori

Strategic Organization, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 22(1), P. 189 - 210

Published: March 17, 2023

This essay integrates emotions into the attention-based view of firm to enhance theory’s explanatory power and open a generative path for future research. Organizational structures communicative practices shape organization leaders’ members’ emotions. These influence their attentional engagement. Structures via two main paths: (1) perceived issue or initiative characteristics, which specific toward initiative, (2) socially constructed context interaction about influences emotional energy leaders members associate with initiative. The resulting engagement over three time horizons: immediately in triggering situation, recurringly after through creation additional that

Language: Английский

Citations

14