Our
movements
result
in
predictable
sensory
feedback
that
is
often
multimodal.
Based
on
deviations
between
predictions
and
actual
input,
primary
areas
of
cortex
have
been
shown
to
compute
sensorimotor
prediction
errors.
How
errors
one
modality
influence
the
computation
another
still
unclear.
To
investigate
multimodal
mouse
auditory
(ACx),
we
used
a
virtual
environment
experimentally
couple
running
both
self-generated
visual
feedback.
Using
two-photon
microscopy,
first
characterized
responses
layer
2/3
(L2/3)
neurons
sounds,
stimuli,
onsets
found
all
three
stimuli.
Probing
evoked
by
audiomotor
mismatches,
they
closely
resemble
visuomotor
mismatch
(V1).
Finally,
testing
for
cross
modal
coupling
sound
amplitude
flow
speed
running,
were
amplified
when
paired
with
concurrent
mismatches.
results
demonstrate
non-hierarchical
interactions
shape
error
cortical
L2/3.
***
Dear
reader,
please
note
this
manuscript
formatted
standard
submission
format,
statistical
information
provided
Table
S1.
Neuron,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
111(18), P. 2918 - 2928.e8
Published: Sept. 1, 2023
Predictive
processing
postulates
the
existence
of
prediction
error
neurons
in
cortex.
Neurons
with
both
negative
and
positive
response
properties
have
been
identified
layer
2/3
visual
cortex,
but
whether
they
correspond
to
transcriptionally
defined
subpopulations
is
unclear.
Here
we
used
activity-dependent,
photoconvertible
marker
CaMPARI2
tag
mouse
cortex
during
stimuli
behaviors
designed
evoke
errors.
We
performed
single-cell
RNA-sequencing
on
these
populations
found
that
previously
annotated
Adamts2
Rrad
transcriptional
cell
types
were
enriched
when
photolabeling
drive
or
responses,
respectively.
Finally,
validated
results
functionally
by
designing
artificial
promoters
for
use
AAV
vectors
express
genetically
encoded
calcium
indicators.
Thus,
distinct
can
be
targeted
using
exhibit
distinguishable
responses.
Nature,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
633(8029), P. 398 - 406
Published: Aug. 28, 2024
Abstract
The
brain
functions
as
a
prediction
machine,
utilizing
an
internal
model
of
the
world
to
anticipate
sensations
and
outcomes
our
actions.
Discrepancies
between
expected
actual
events,
referred
errors,
are
leveraged
update
guide
attention
towards
unexpected
events
1–10
.
Despite
importance
prediction-error
signals
for
various
neural
computations
across
brain,
surprisingly
little
is
known
about
circuit
mechanisms
responsible
their
implementation.
Here
we
describe
thalamocortical
disinhibitory
that
required
generating
sensory
in
mouse
primary
visual
cortex
(V1).
We
show
violating
animals’
predictions
by
stimulus
preferentially
boosts
responses
layer
2/3
V1
neurons
most
selective
stimulus.
Prediction
errors
specifically
amplify
input,
rather
than
representing
non-specific
surprise
or
difference
how
input
deviates
from
animal’s
predictions.
This
amplification
implemented
cooperative
mechanism
requiring
thalamic
pulvinar
cortical
vasoactive-intestinal-peptide-expressing
(VIP)
inhibitory
interneurons.
In
response
VIP
inhibit
specific
subpopulation
somatostatin-expressing
interneurons
gate
excitatory
V1,
resulting
pulvinar-driven
stimulus-selective
V1.
Therefore,
prioritizes
unpredicted
information
selectively
increasing
salience
features
through
synergistic
interaction
neocortical
circuits.
iScience,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
25(4), P. 104077 - 104077
Published: March 14, 2022
In
recent
decades,
research
on
somatosensory
perception
has
led
to
two
important
observations.
First,
self-generated
touches
that
are
predicted
by
voluntary
movements
become
attenuated
compared
with
externally
generated
of
the
same
intensity
(attenuation).
Second,
feel
weaker
and
more
difficult
detect
during
movement
than
at
rest
(gating).
At
present,
researchers
often
consider
gating
attenuation
suppression
process;
however,
this
assumption
is
unwarranted
because,
despite
40
years
research,
no
study
combined
them
in
a
single
paradigm.
We
quantified
how
people
perceive
rest.
show
whereas
gates
precision
both
touch,
amplitude
touch
robustly
touch.
Furthermore,
do
not
interact
correlated,
we
conclude
they
represent
distinct
perceptual
phenomena.
Current Biology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
34(10), P. 2265 - 2271.e4
Published: May 1, 2024
Popular
accounts
of
mind
and
brain
propose
that
the
continuously
forms
predictions
about
future
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combines
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The
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Ouden
H.E.
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Perception,
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M.V.
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a
Structured
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Under
"predictive
processing"
schemes,
such
integration
is
supported
hierarchical
organization
cortex,
whereby
feedback
connections
communicate
from
higher-level
deep
layers
agranular
(superficial
deep)
lower-level
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D.J.
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K.S.
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axons
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macaque
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Kerkoerle
T.
Self
M.W.
Roelfsema
P.R.
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attention
working
memory
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primary
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2017;
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Y.
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L.
Yang
J.
Jangraw
Handwerker
D.A.
Molfese
P.J.
Chen
G.
Ejima
Wu
Bandettini
P.A.
Layer-specific
activation
input
predictive
human
somatosensory
cortex.Sci.
Adv.
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(44)
Predictions
are
compared
compute
"prediction
error,"
which
transmitted
up
hierarchy
superficial
lower
cortical
regions
middle
higher
areas,
update
until
errors
reconciled.11Friston
K.
theory
responses.Philos.
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A.M.
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G.R.
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K.J.
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Komura
Shipp
S.
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K.E.
Petzschner
F.H.
Kasper
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Wellstein
K.V.
Stefanics
Pruessmann
K.P.
Heinzle
Laminar
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computational
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(37)
In
cortex
(V1),
have
thereby
been
proposed
influence
representations
while
error
signals
may
be
computed
layers.
Despite
framework's
popularity,
there
little
evidence
these
distinctions
because,
our
knowledge,
unexpected
events
not
previously
presented
laminar
paradigms
contrast
against
expected
events.
To
this
end,
7T
contrasted
responses
(75%
likely)
(25%)
Gabor
orientations.
Multivariate
decoding
analyses
revealed
an
interaction
between
expectation
layer,
could
decoded
comparable
accuracy
across
layers,
only
laminae.
Although
results
line
popular
decades,
demonstrated
humans.
We
discuss
how
both
prediction
processes
operate
together
shape
unitary
perceptual
experiences.
Journal of Neuroscience,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
44(11), P. e1227232024 - e1227232024
Published: Jan. 29, 2024
Neurons
in
the
mouse
auditory
cortex
are
strongly
influenced
by
behavior,
including
both
suppression
and
enhancement
of
sound-evoked
responses
during
movement.
The
comprises
multiple
fields
with
different
roles
sound
processing
distinct
connectivity
to
movement-related
centers
brain.
Here,
we
asked
whether
modulation
male
mice
might
differ
across
cortical
fields,
thereby
contributing
heterogeneity
at
single-cell
level.
We
used
wide-field
calcium
imaging
identify
cellular-resolution
two-photon
visualize
activity
layer
2/3
excitatory
neurons
within
each
field.
measured
neuron's
three
categories
(pure
tones,
chirps,
amplitude-modulated
white
noise)
as
rested
ran
on
a
non-motorized
treadmill.
found
that
individual
field
typically
respond
just
one
category.
Some
only
active
rest
others
locomotion,
those
responsive
conditions
retain
their
sound-category
tuning.
effects
locomotion
vary
level,
neural
responses,
net
modulatory
effect
is
largely
conserved
fields.
Movement-related
also
reflects
more
complex
behavioral
patterns,
instantaneous
running
speed
nonlocomotor
movements
such
grooming
postural
adjustments,
similar
patterns
seen
all
Our
findings
underscore
complexity
throughout
indicate
widespread
phenomenon.
Journal of Neuroscience,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
43(43), P. 7119 - 7129
Published: Sept. 12, 2023
Comparing
expectation
with
experience
is
an
important
neural
computation
performed
throughout
the
brain
and
a
hallmark
of
predictive
processing.
Experiments
that
alter
sensory
outcome
animal's
behavior
reveal
enhanced
responses
to
unexpected
self-generated
stimuli,
indicating
populations
neurons
in
cortex
may
reflect
prediction
errors
(PEs),
mismatches
between
experience.
However,
stimuli
could
also
arise
through
nonpredictive
mechanisms,
such
as
movement-based
facilitation
neuron's
inherent
sound
responses.
If
error
exist
cortex,
it
unknown
whether
they
manifest
general
responses,
or
respond
specificity
distinct
stimulus
dimensions.
To
answer
these
questions,
we
trained
mice
either
sex
expect
simple
sound-generating
recorded
auditory
activity
heard
expected
sounds
deviated
from
one
multiple
Our
data
learns
suppress
along
acoustic
dimensions
simultaneously.
We
identify
population
are
not
responsive
passive
but
encode
errors.
These
abundant
only
animals
learned
motor-sensory
expectation,
two
specific
violations
rather
than
generic
signal.
Together,
findings
cortical
predictions
about
have
simultaneous
expectation.