Environmental profiles, hazard identification, and toxicological hallmarks of emerging tire rubber-related contaminants 6PPD and 6PPD-quinone

Environment International, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 187, P. 108677 - 108677

Published: April 21, 2024

N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (6PPD) is commonly used in rubber compounds as antioxidants to protect against degradation from heat, oxygen, and ozone exposure. This practice extends the lifespan of products, including tires, by preventing cracking, aging, deterioration. However, environmental consequences waste generated during product use, particularly formation 6PPD-quinone (6PPD-Q) through reaction 6PPD with ozone, have raised significant concerns due their detrimental effects on ecosystems. Extensive research has revealed widespread occurrence its derivate 6PPD-Q various compartments, air, water, soil. The emerging substance been shown pose acute mortality long-term hazards aquatic terrestrial organisms at concentrations below environmentally relevant levels. Studies demonstrated toxic a range organisms, zebrafish, nematodes, mammals. These include neurobehavioral changes, reproductive dysfunction, digestive damage exposure pathways. Mechanistic insights suggest that mitochondrial stress, DNA adduct formation, disruption lipid metabolism contribute toxicity induced 6PPD-Q. Recent findings human samples, such blood, urine, cerebrospinal fluid, underscore importance further public health toxicological implications these compounds. distribution, fate, biological effects, underlying mechanisms environment highlight urgent need for additional understand address impacts

Language: Английский

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Exposure to 6-PPD quinone causes damage on mitochondrial complex I/II associated with lifespan reduction in Caenorhabditis elegans

Journal of Hazardous Materials, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 472, P. 134598 - 134598

Published: May 13, 2024

Language: Английский

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Mixture toxicity of 6PPD-quinone and polystyrene nanoplastics in zebrafish

Environmental Pollution, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 348, P. 123835 - 123835

Published: March 21, 2024

Plastic pollution, including micro- and nanoplastics, is a growing concern. Tyre-wear particles (TWPs) are the second largest source of microplastics in ocean following abrasion synthetic fibres. In addition to themselves, TWPs contain many harmful chemicals, 6PPD. This chemical reacts with atmospheric ozone forms toxic compound 6PPD-quinone (6PPDq), which poses danger aquatic life. There knowledge gap understanding risks associated combined toxicity nanoplastics (NPs) 6PPDq. The present study aimed investigate NPs 6PPDq on adult zebrafish using phenotypic (behaviour, histology) transcriptomic endpoints. Zebrafish were exposed four treatments: control (contaminant-free), 50 μg/L 6PPDq, 3 mg/L polystyrene (PS)-NPs, combination PS-NPs. We did not observe locomotory dysregulation NPs. However, we found significant hyperlocomotion this effect was even more substantial after co-exposure explores molecular mechanisms behind these effects, identifying genes neurotransmitters fatty acid metabolism that dysregulated by co-exposure. Transcriptomic analysis further showed both PS-NPs impacted cellular processes sterol biosynthesis, cholesterol metabolism, muscle tissue development. effects stronger co-exposed zebrafish, indicating heightened risk integrity mitochondrial dysfunction. These results highlight significance mixture when studying chemicals like

Language: Английский

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Effects of environmental concentrations of 6PPD and its quinone metabolite on the growth and reproduction of freshwater cladoceran

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 948, P. 175018 - 175018

Published: July 24, 2024

Language: Английский

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Navigating the environmental dynamics, toxicity to aquatic organisms and human associated risks of an emerging tire wear contaminant 6PPD-quinone

Environmental Pollution, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 356, P. 124313 - 124313

Published: June 3, 2024

Language: Английский

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Environmental concentrations of 6PPD and 6PPD-Q cause oxidative damage and alter metabolism in Eichhornia crassipes

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 951, P. 175736 - 175736

Published: Aug. 23, 2024

Language: Английский

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Assessment of Tire-Additive Transformation Product 6PPD-Quinone in Urban-Impacted Watersheds

ACS ES&T Water, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 4(4), P. 1422 - 1432

Published: March 18, 2024

Urban stormwater is a conduit for pollutants such as nutrients and tire-wear compounds through streams to the Great Lakes receiving waters. The transformation product of tire antiozonant 6PPD, 6PPD-quinone (6PPD-Q), implicated in causing fish mortality. entering Lake Ontario waters adjacent urban centers Toronto Hamilton, Ontario, were assessed 6PPD-Q its potential impact aquatic life. Sampling occurred during fall spring dry- wet-weather flows 2021–2022, overlapping with spawning times. Concentrations elevated (maximum 82 ng/L) greatest degree urbanization road density but much lower (2.4–4.5 nearshore waters, suggesting rapid dilution. Precipitation, within watersheds, chloride (from salts), total phosphorus correlated concentrations, that parameters may provide means identify prioritize key stream habitats further assessment. A screening level hazard assessment using application factors 10–1000 available toxicity end points (rainbow trout, brook coho salmon) showed concentrations pose risk region. We recommend quality control measures be their effectiveness reducing concentrations.

Language: Английский

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Acute Toxicity Testing of Pink Salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) with the Tire Rubber–Derived Chemical 6PPD‐Quinone

Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 43(6), P. 1332 - 1338

Published: April 23, 2024

N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine-quinone (6PPD-quinone) is a widespread contaminant of emerging concern resulting from oxidation 6PPD, which an antidegradant substance added to tires. The recent identification 6PPD-quinone as the cause acute mortality in coho salmon has quickly motivated studies on toxicity other species. Subsequent findings have shown that highly species specific. Closely related can differ widely response extremely sensitive tolerant. Hence testing currently only way establish whether exhibits toxicity. We investigated pink alevins (sac fry). This Pacific so far not been tested for sensitivity. Fish were exposed static water eight treatments with initial concentrations ranging 0.1 12.8 μg/L. observed 48 h, and changes monitored throughout experiment. No mortalities or substantial behavior recorded. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:1332-1338. © 2024 Authors. Environmental Toxicology Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC behalf SETAC.

Language: Английский

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6-PPD quinone at environmentally relevant concentrations induced damage on longevity in C. elegans: Mechanistic insight from inhibition in mitochondrial UPR response

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 954, P. 176275 - 176275

Published: Sept. 13, 2024

Language: Английский

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Tire and road wear particles in the aquatic organisms – A review of source, properties, exposure routes, and biological effects

Aquatic Toxicology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 273, P. 107010 - 107010

Published: June 21, 2024

Language: Английский

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