Environment International,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
145, P. 106119 - 106119
Published: Sept. 17, 2020
Synthetic
pyrethroids,
chlorpyrifos,
and
neonicotinoids
are
representatives
of
non-persistent
insecticides
ubiquitously
used
against
insects
all
over
the
world.
Their
widespread
use
causes
prevalent
exposure
to
these
compounds,
which
may
be
hazardous
human
health.
The
have
short
biological
half-lives
mostly
excreted
in
urine
within
24
h
after
entering
body;
thus,
urinary
concentration
their
metabolites
is
highly
dependent
on
time
elapsed
between
sample
collection.
Considering
within-day
fluctuations
concentration,
one
randomly
collected
cause
misclassification
long-term
exposure.
We
evaluated
variability
excretion
eight
insecticide
24-h
samples
from
14
volunteers
once
or
twice
per
month
12
consecutive
months.
High
detection
frequency
above
70%
for
non-specific
pyrethroid,
confirmed
studied
population.
A
was
assessed
based
intraclass
correlation
coefficient
(ICC).
found
relatively
low
pyrethroid
3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol
(ICC
>
0.75),
but
poor
repeatability
6-chloronicotinic
acid.
Constantly
higher
ICCs
were
observed
daily
than
unadjusted
concentrations.
Seasonal
differences
acid,
with
highest
lowest
median
respectively,
summer.
Due
high
ICC
values
lack
seasonal
variations,
considered
sufficient
characterize
non-occupationally
exposed
In
addition,
we
calculated
intake
(DI)
cypermethrin,
permethrin,
deltamethrin,
chlorpyrifos.
estimated
DI
below
acceptable
intake,
indicates
that
non-hazardous
Environment International,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
163, P. 107201 - 107201
Published: March 25, 2022
Neonicotinoids
(NEOs)
are
a
class
of
broad-spectrum
insecticides
dominant
in
the
global
market.
They
were
distributed
extensively
environment
and
occurred
frequently
humans.
Potential
health
effects
NEOs,
such
as
neurological
toxicity
diabetes
to
non-targeted
mammals,
have
raised
concerns.
This
review
summarizes
analytical
methods
NEOs
human
samples,
their
internal
exposure
levels
composition
profiles
urine,
blood,
hair,
breast
milk,
saliva
tooth
samples
with
comparisons,
daily
dose
relative
risks.Urinary
Asian
populations
substantially
higher
than
those
U.S.
Europe,
which
may
be
due
different
dietary
patterns
insecticide
applications
across
regions.
N-desmethyl
acetamiprid,
5-hydroxy-imidacloprid
olefin-imidacloprid
among
detected
NEOs.
NEO
metabolites
exhibited
detection
frequencies
parent
compounds
humans,
while
investigations
on
remain
much
limited.
Current
assessments
mainly
focused
short-term
urine
analysis,
biomaterials
for
long-term
monitoring,
nail
other
alternatives,
should
also
considered.
Large-scale
epidemiological
studies
critically
needed
elucidate
potential
outcomes
associated
exposure.
Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
61(6), P. 971 - 981
Published: April 9, 2020
Climate
change,
with
increasing
temperatures
and
atmospheric
carbon
dioxide
levels,
constitutes
a
severe
threat
to
the
environment
all
living
organisms.
In
particular,
numerous
studies
suggest
consequences
for
health
of
crop
plants,
affecting
both
productivity
quality
raw
material
destined
food
industry.
Of
particular
concern
is
reduction
proteins
essential
micronutrients
as
iron
zinc
in
crops.
Fighting
this
alarming
trends
challenge
Climate-Smart
Agriculture
double
goal
reducing
environmental
impacts
(use
pesticides,
nitrogen
phosphorus
leaching,
soil
erosion,
water
depletion
contamination)
improving
consequently
quality.
Organic
farming,
biofertilizers
lesser
extent
nano-carriers,
improve
antioxidant
properties
fruits,
but
data
about
are
rather
contradictory.
On
other
hand,
advanced
devices
Precision
allow
cultivations
be
more
profitable,
efficient,
contributing
reduce
pest
diseases
increase
agricultural
products
safety.
Thus,
nowadays
adoption
technologies
applied
sustainable
farming
systems
challenging
dynamic
issue
facing
negative
due
climate
changes.
Archives of Toxicology,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
94(5), P. 1575 - 1584
Published: March 30, 2020
Glyphosate
(N-[phosphonomethyl]-glycine)
is
the
most
widely
used
herbicide
worldwide.
Due
to
health
concerns
about
glyphosate
exposure,
its
continued
use
controversially
discussed.
Biomonitoring
an
important
tool
in
safety
evaluation
and
this
study
aimed
determine
exposure
metabolite
AMPA,
association
with
food
consumption
data,
participants
of
cross-sectional
KarMeN
(Germany).
AMPA
levels
were
measured
24-h
urine
samples
from
(n
=
301).
For
evaluation,
intake
was
calculated
based
on
urinary
concentrations
checked
against
EU
acceptable
daily
(ADI)
value
for
glyphosate.
Urinary
excretion
and/or
correlated
data.
8.3%
25)
exhibited
quantifiable
(>
0.2
µg/L)
their
urine.
In
66.5%
samples,
neither
(<
0.05
nor
0.09
detected.
The
remaining
subjects
76)
showed
traces
AMPA.
far
below
ADI
Significant,
positive
associations
between
pulses,
or
mushroom
observed.
Despite
widespread
glyphosate,
population
found
be
very
low.
Based
current
risk
assessment
by
EFSA,
such
are
not
expected
pose
any
human
health.
detected
consuming
certain
foods
line
reports
residues
food.
Environmental Science and Pollution Research,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
29(22), P. 32882 - 32893
Published: Jan. 12, 2022
France
is
the
first
pesticide-consuming
country
in
Europe.
Glyphosate
most
used
pesticide
worldwide
and
glyphosate
detected
general
population
of
industrialized
countries,
with
higher
levels
found
farmers
children.
Little
data
was
available
concerning
exposure
France.
Our
objective
to
determine
French
search
for
an
association
seasons,
biological
features,
lifestyle
status,
dietary
habits,
occupational
exposure.
This
study
includes
6848
participants
recruited
between
2018
2020.
Associated
include
age,
gender,
location,
employment
information.
quantified
by
a
single
laboratory
first-void
urine
samples
using
ELISA.
results
support
contamination
population,
quantifiable
99.8%
mean
1.19
ng/ml
+
/
-
0.84
after
adjustment
body
mass
index
(BMI).
We
confirm
men
through
food
water
intake,
as
lower
are
associated
dominant
organic
intake
filtered
water.
Higher
confirmed
working
wine-growing
environment.
Thus,
our
present
show
glyphosate,
further
contribute
description
widespread
countries.
Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
20(5), P. 5226 - 5257
Published: Aug. 16, 2021
Abstract
Glyphosate
is
the
active
ingredient
in
Roundup
®
brand
nonselective
herbicides,
and
residue
testing
for
food
has
been
conducted
as
part
of
normal
regulatory
processes.
Additional
by
university
researchers
nongovernmental
agencies.
Presence
residues
needs
to
be
put
into
context
safety
standards.
Furthermore,
appropriately
interpret
data,
analytical
assays
must
validated
each
sample
matrix.
Regulatory
agency
surveys
indicate
that
99%
glyphosate
are
below
European
maximum
limits
(MRLs)
or
U.S.
Environmental
Protection
Agency
tolerances.
These
data
support
conclusion
overall
not
elevated
above
MRLs/tolerances
due
agricultural
practices
usage
on
genetically
modified
(GM)
crops.
However,
it
important
understand
MRLs
tolerances
legal
pesticide
usage.
only
provide
health
information
when
sum
all
foods
compared
established
toxicology
studies,
such
acceptable
daily
intake
(ADI).
Conclusions
from
dietary
modeling
use
actual
residues,
themselves,
combined
with
consumption
exposures
within
safe
limits.
Measurements
urine
can
also
used
estimate
ingested
exposure,
studies
exposure
<3%
current
ADI
glyphosate,
which
0.5
mg
glyphosate/kg
body
weight.
risk
assessments,
based
well
amount
over
a
lifetime
reasonable
certainty
no
harm.
