SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant: recent progress and future perspectives

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 7(1)

Published: April 28, 2022

Abstract Since the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, there have been a few variants severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2), one which is Omicron variant (B.1.1.529). The most mutated SARS-CoV-2 variant, and its high transmissibility immune evasion ability raised global concerns. Owing to enhanced transmissibility, has rapidly replaced Delta as dominant in several regions. However, recent studies shown that exhibits reduced pathogenicity due altered cell tropism. In addition, significant resistance neutralizing activity vaccines, convalescent serum, antibody therapies. present review, advances molecular clinical characteristics infectivity, pathogenicity, was summarized, potential therapeutic applications response infection were discussed. Furthermore, we highlighted future waves strategies end pandemic.

Language: Английский

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Enzyme Immobilization Technologies and Industrial Applications

ACS Omega, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 8(6), P. 5184 - 5196

Published: Jan. 31, 2023

Enzymes play vital roles in diverse industrial sectors and are essential components of many products. Immobilized enzymes possess higher resistance to environmental changes can be recovered/recycled easily when compared the free forms. The primary benefit immobilization is protecting from harsh conditions (e.g., elevated temperatures, extreme pH values, etc.). immobilized utilized various large-scale industries, e.g., medical, food, detergent, textile, pharmaceutical besides being used water treatment plants. According required application, a suitable enzyme technique carrier materials chosen. Enzyme techniques involve covalent binding, encapsulation, entrapment, adsorption, etc. This review mainly covers by their usage different applications starting 1992 until 2022. It also focuses on multiscale operation maximize yields certain Lastly, severe consequence COVID-19 pandemic global production briefly discussed.

Language: Английский

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Global emerging Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2: Impacts, challenges and strategies

Journal of Infection and Public Health, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 16(1), P. 4 - 14

Published: Nov. 19, 2022

Newly emerging variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are continuously posing high global public health concerns and panic resulting in waves disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Depending on the extent genomic variations, mutations adaptation, few gain ability to spread quickly across many countries, acquire higher virulency cause disease, morbidity mortality. These have been implicated lessening efficacy current COVID-19 vaccines immunotherapies break-through viral infections vaccinated individuals recovered patients. Altogether, these could hinder protective herd immunity be achieved through ongoing progressive vaccination. Currently, only variant interest SARS-CoV-2 is Omicron that was first identified South Africa. In this review, we present overview with a special focus variant, its lineages hybrid variants. We discuss hypotheses origin, genetic change underlying molecular mechanism behind transmissibility immune escape variant. Major related including available immunotherapeutics vaccines, transmissibility, severity, mortality discussed. last part, challenges strategies counter amid pandemic presented.

Language: Английский

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The SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein: its role in the viral life cycle, structure and functions, and use as a potential target in the development of vaccines and diagnostics

Virology Journal, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 20(1)

Published: Jan. 10, 2023

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) continues to take a heavy toll on personal health, healthcare systems, and economies around the globe. Scientists are expending tremendous effort develop diagnostic technologies for detecting positive infections within shortest possible time, vaccines drugs specifically prevention treatment of COVID-19 disease. At same emerging novel variants have raised serious concerns about vaccine efficacy. The SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N) protein plays an important role in coronavirus life cycle, participates various vital activities after virus invasion. It has attracted large amount attention drug development. Here, we summarize latest research N protein, including its structure function, post-translational modifications addition involvement liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) use as basis development techniques.

Language: Английский

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Percentage of Asymptomatic Infections among SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant-Positive Individuals: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Vaccines, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10(7), P. 1049 - 1049

Published: June 30, 2022

Background: Asymptomatic infections are potential sources of transmission for coronavirus disease 2019, especially during the epidemic SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant. We aimed to assess percentage asymptomatic among variant-positive individuals detected by gene sequencing or specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Methods: searched PubMed, EMBASE, and Web Science from 26 November 2021 13 April 2022. This meta-analysis was conducted following Preferred Reporting Items Systematic Reviews Meta-Analyses guidelines registered with PROSPERO (CRD42022327894). Three researchers independently extracted data two assessed quality using pre-specified criteria. The pooled 95% confidence interval (CI) estimated random-effects models. Results: Our included eight eligible studies, covering 7640 2190 infections. 32.40% (95% CI: 25.30−39.51%) individuals, which higher in population developing countries (38.93%; 19.75−58.11%), vaccine coverage ≥ 80% (35.93%; 25.36−46.51%), a travel history (40.05%; 7.59−72.51%), community infection (37.97%; 10.07−65.87%), median age < 20 years (43.75%; 38.45−49.05%). Conclusion: In this systematic review meta-analysis, individuals. people who were vaccinated, young (median years), had history, infected outside clinical setting (community infection) percentages Screening is required prevent clustered epidemics sustained caused variants, regions that have successfully controlled SARS-CoV-2.

Language: Английский

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Microfluidics-Based Point-of-Care Testing (POCT) Devices in Dealing with Waves of COVID-19 Pandemic: The Emerging Solution

ACS Applied Bio Materials, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 5(5), P. 2046 - 2068

Published: April 27, 2022

Recent advances in microfluidics-based point-of-care testing (POCT) technology such as paper, array, and beads have shown promising results for diagnosing various infectious diseases. The fast timely detection of viral infection has proven to be a critical step deciding the therapeutic outcome current COVID-19 pandemic, which turn not only enhances patient survival rate but also reduces disease-associated comorbidities. In present scenario, rapid, noninvasive virus using low cost high throughput POCT devices embraces advantages over existing diagnostic technologies, centralized lab facility, expensive instruments, sample pretreatment, skilled personnel are required. Microfluidic-based multiplexed can boon clinical diagnosis developing countries that lacks health care system resources. microfluidic used disease exploited development drug efficacy treatment model systems. havoc created by second wave led several countries' governments back front. lack kits, medical devices, human resources huge demand remotely operated with single touch data analyzed on phone. advancements information use smartphones paradigm shift explored deal pandemic situation. This review sheds light approaches cost-effective microfluidics devices. successfully under settings along their pros cons been discussed here. Further, integration wireless network systems Internet-of-things will enable readers manufacturing advanced remote management resource settings.

Language: Английский

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SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and multi-organ system damage: a review

Bosnian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Sept. 16, 2022

The SARS-CoV-2 infection causes COVID-19, which has affected approximately six hundred million people globally as of August 2022. Organs and cells harboring angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) surface receptors are the primary targets virus. However, once it enters body through respiratory system, virus can spread hematogenously to infect other organs. Therefore, COVID-19 affects many organs, causing severe long-term complications, even after disease ended, thus worsening quality life. Although is known that system most by infection, organs/systems in short long term. Since simultaneously redesigning diagnostic therapy policies fit damaged organs strongly recommended. Even though pathophysiology problems unknown, frequency cases rises with age existence preexisting symptoms. This study aims update our knowledge multi-organ dysfunction interaction based on clinical theoretical evidence. For this purpose, comprehensively elucidates recent studies effects multiple systems, including respiratory, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, renal, nervous, endocrine, reproductive, immune, parts integumentary system. Understanding range atypical symptoms could improve surveillance, limit transmission, avoid additional multi-organ-system problems.

Language: Английский

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Wastewater-based epidemiology predicts COVID-19-induced weekly new hospital admissions in over 150 USA counties

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: July 28, 2023

Although the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) emergency status is easing, COVID-19 pandemic continues to affect healthcare systems globally. It crucial have a reliable and population-wide prediction tool for estimating COVID-19-induced hospital admissions. We evaluated feasibility of using wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) predict weekly new hospitalizations in 159 counties across 45 states United States America (USA), covering population nearly 100 million. Using county-level wastewater surveillance data (over 20 months), WBE-based models were established through random forest algorithm. accurately predicted admissions, allowing preparation window 1-4 weeks. In real applications, periodically updated showed good accuracy transferability, with mean absolute error within 4-6 patients/100k upcoming hospitalization numbers. Our study demonstrated potential WBE as an effective method provide early warnings systems.

Language: Английский

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The role of immune activation and antigen persistence in acute and long COVID

Journal of Investigative Medicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 71(5), P. 545 - 562

Published: March 6, 2023

In late 2019, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) triggered the global disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Although most infections cause a self-limited comparable to other upper viral pathogens, portion of individuals develop illness leading substantial morbidity and mortality. Furthermore, an estimated 10%–20% SARS-CoV-2 are followed by post-acute sequelae COVID-19 (PASC), or long COVID. Long COVID is associated with wide variety clinical manifestations including cardiopulmonary complications, persistent fatigue, neurocognitive dysfunction. Severe hyperactivation increased inflammation, which may be underlying in subset individuals. However, immunologic mechanisms driving development still under investigation. Early pandemic, our group others observed immune dysregulation persisted into convalescence after COVID-19. We subsequently cohort experiencing demonstrated SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4 + CD8 T-cell responses antibody affinity patients symptoms. These data suggest symptoms due chronic activation presence antigen. This review summarizes literature date detailing how these observations relate addition, we discuss recent findings support antigen evidence that this phenomenon contributes local systemic inflammation heterogeneous nature seen

Language: Английский

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Need for effective detection and early warnings for epidemic and pandemic preparedness planning in the context of multi-hazards: Lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic

International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 92, P. 103724 - 103724

Published: April 30, 2023

The need for effective early detection and timely surveillance a robust pandemic epidemic warning preparedness has been widely discussed amidst the Covid-19 pandemic, which suddenly erupted worldwide. This is further established by various other hazards reported in many countries COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, failure of pathogens their source origin largely connected with global transmission severe outbreaks contexts. Therefore, , are key aspects successful response to an or . Hence, this paper aims identify elements stages (EW) system. Further, analyses inter-connections system, focusing on multi-hazard context. systematic literature review method was used collect data from electronic databases. Results suggest that epidemiological & detection, primary screening raw information, risk vulnerability assessments, prediction decision-making, alerts warnings critical components EW. response-control mitigation, preparedness-preventive strategies, reducing elimination eradication disease integrated ecosystem depend warnings. significance integrating EW EWs operate as systems also analysed.

Language: Английский

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