Journal of Immunology Research,
Journal Year:
2018,
Volume and Issue:
2018, P. 1 - 14
Published: June 11, 2018
Inflammation
plays
an
essential
role
in
the
control
of
pathogens
and
shaping
ensuing
adaptive
immune
responses.
Traditionally,
innate
immunity
has
been
described
as
a
rapid
response
triggered
through
generic
nonspecific
means
that
by
definition
lacks
ability
to
remember.
Recently,
it
become
clear
some
cells
are
epigenetically
reprogrammed
or
“imprinted”
past
experiences.
These
“trained”
display
altered
inflammatory
responses
upon
subsequent
pathogen
encounter.
Remembrance
encounters
classically
attributed
cohorts
antigen-specific
memory
T
B
following
resolution
infection.
During
recall
responses,
quickly
respond
proliferating,
producing
effector
cytokines,
performing
various
functions.
An
often-overlooked
function
CD4
CD8
is
promotion
milieu
at
initial
site
infection
mirrors
primary
This
memory-conditioned
response,
conjunction
with
other
secondary
cell
functions,
results
better
more
both
associated
tissue
pathology.
Recent
advancements
our
understanding
triggers,
imprinting
regulating
inflammation
discussed.
The Journal of Experimental Medicine,
Journal Year:
2015,
Volume and Issue:
212(9), P. 1345 - 1360
Published: Aug. 10, 2015
Lymphocytes
must
adapt
to
a
wide
array
of
environmental
stressors
as
part
their
normal
development,
during
which
they
undergo
dramatic
metabolic
remodeling
process.
Research
in
this
area
has
yielded
surprising
findings
on
the
roles
diverse
pathways
and
metabolites,
have
been
found
regulate
lymphocyte
signaling
influence
differentiation,
function
fate.
In
review,
we
integrate
latest
field
provide
an
up-to-date
resource
metabolism.
Nature Communications,
Journal Year:
2015,
Volume and Issue:
6(1)
Published: May 12, 2015
Abstract
Seasonal
variations
are
rarely
considered
a
contributing
component
to
human
tissue
function
or
health,
although
many
diseases
and
physiological
process
display
annual
periodicities.
Here
we
find
more
than
4,000
protein-coding
mRNAs
in
white
blood
cells
adipose
have
seasonal
expression
profiles,
with
inverted
patterns
observed
between
Europe
Oceania.
We
also
the
cellular
composition
of
vary
by
season,
these
changes,
which
differ
United
Kingdom
The
Gambia,
could
explain
gene
periodicity.
With
regards
function,
immune
system
has
profound
pro-inflammatory
transcriptomic
profile
during
European
winter,
increased
levels
soluble
IL-6
receptor
C-reactive
protein,
risk
biomarkers
for
cardiovascular,
psychiatric
autoimmune
that
peak
incidences
winter.
Circannual
rhythms
thus
require
further
exploration
as
contributors
various
aspects
physiology
disease.
Frontiers in Microbiology,
Journal Year:
2018,
Volume and Issue:
9
Published: Sept. 11, 2018
Stress,
a
ubiquitous
part
of
daily
human
life,
has
varied
biological
effects
which
are
increasingly
recognized
as
including
modulation
commensal
microorganisms
residing
in
the
gastrointestinal
tract,
gut
microbiota.
In
turn,
microbiota
influences
host
stress
response
and
associated
sequelae,
thereby
implicating
an
important
mediator
health.
This
narrative
review
aims
to
synthesize
evidence
concerning
impact
psychological,
environmental,
physical
stressors
on
composition
activity.
The
reviewed
include
psychological
stress,
circadian
disruption,
sleep
deprivation,
environmental
extremes
(high
altitude,
heat,
cold),
pathogens,
toxicants
pollutants,
activity,
diet
(nutrient
food
restriction).
Stressors
were
selected
for
their
direct
relevance
military
personnel,
population
that
is
commonly
exposed
these
stressors,
often
at
extremes,
combination.
However,
also
common,
alone
or
combination,
some
civilian
populations.
Evidence
from
preclinical
studies
collectively
indicates
alter
but
vary
across
can
may
be
beneficial
detrimental
Translation
findings
humans
largely
lacking
present.
gap
precludes
concluding
with
certainty
transient
cumulative
exposures
have
any
consistent,
meaningful
provocative
highlights
need
translational
research
aiming
elucidate
microbiota,
how
manipulated,
example
by
using
nutrition,
mitigate
adverse
responses.
Journal of Biological Rhythms,
Journal Year:
2015,
Volume and Issue:
30(4), P. 277 - 290
Published: April 20, 2015
The
immune
system
is
a
complex
set
of
physiological
mechanisms
whose
general
aim
to
defend
the
organism
against
non-self-bodies,
such
as
pathogens
(bacteria,
viruses,
parasites),
well
cancer
cells.
Circadian
rhythms
are
endogenous
24-h
variations
found
in
virtually
all
processes.
These
circadian
generated
by
clocks,
located
most
cell
types,
including
cells
system.
This
review
presents
an
overview
clocks
and
regulation
function
Most
express
clock
genes
present
wide
array
expressed
with
rhythm.
has
profound
impacts
on
cellular
functions,
daily
rhythm
synthesis
release
cytokines,
chemokines
cytolytic
factors,
gating
response
occurring
through
pattern
recognition
receptors,
functions
phagocytosis,
migration
inflamed
or
infected
tissue,
activity,
proliferative
antigens.
Consequently,
alterations
(e.g.,
gene
mutation
mice
environmental
disruption
similar
shift
work)
lead
disturbed
responses.
We
discuss
implications
these
data
for
human
health
areas
that
future
research
should
address.
Genome Medicine,
Journal Year:
2019,
Volume and Issue:
11(1)
Published: Dec. 1, 2019
Abstract
Circadian
clocks
are
endogenous
oscillators
that
control
24-h
physiological
and
behavioral
processes.
The
central
circadian
clock
exerts
over
myriad
aspects
of
mammalian
physiology,
including
the
regulation
sleep,
metabolism,
immune
system.
Here,
we
review
advances
in
understanding
genetic
sleep
through
system,
as
well
impact
dysregulated
gene
expression
on
metabolic
function.
We
also
recent
studies
have
begun
to
unravel
clock’s
role
controlling
cardiovascular
nervous
systems,
gut
microbiota,
cancer,
aging.
Such
these
systems
relies,
part,
transcriptional
regulation,
with
evidence
for
genome-wide
chromosome
organization.
These
novel
insights
into
genomic
human
physiology
provide
opportunities
discovery
improved
treatment
strategies
new
biological
underpinnings
disease.
