Persistence of serum and saliva antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 spike antigens in COVID-19 patients

Science Immunology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 5(52)

Published: Oct. 8, 2020

While the antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 has been extensively studied in blood, relatively little is known about saliva and its relationship systemic levels. Here, we profiled by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) IgG, IgA IgM responses spike protein (full length trimer) receptor-binding domain (RBD) serum of acute convalescent patients with laboratory-diagnosed COVID-19 ranging from 3-115 days post-symptom onset (PSO), compared negative controls. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 were readily detected saliva, peak IgG levels attained 16-30 PSO. Longitudinal analysis revealed that anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies rapidly decayed, while remained stable up 105 PSO both biofluids. Lastly, a lesser extent RBD positively correlated matched samples. This study confirms are maintained majority for at least 3 months may serve as surrogate measure immunity based on their correlation responses.

Language: Английский

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Infection fatality rate of COVID-19 inferred from seroprevalence data

Bulletin of the World Health Organization, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 99(1), P. 19 - 33F

Published: Oct. 14, 2020

on 9 September 2020.I contacted field experts to retrieve any important studies that may have been missed.From each study, I extracted information location, recruitment and sampling strategy, dates of sample collection, size, types antibody measured (immunoglobulin G (IgG), IgM IgA), the estimated crude seroprevalence (positive samples divided by all tested), adjusted factors authors considered for adjustment.Age, sex, test 48 Utah 2.4 2.2 Age, 71 New York, York City 5.7 6.9 641 Missouri 2.9 2.7

Language: Английский

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The Proportion of SARS-CoV-2 Infections That Are Asymptomatic

Annals of Internal Medicine, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 174(5), P. 655 - 662

Published: Jan. 22, 2021

Asymptomatic infection seems to be a notable feature of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the pathogen that causes disease 2019 (COVID-19), but prevalence is uncertain.

Language: Английский

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Defining the features and duration of antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection associated with disease severity and outcome

Science Immunology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 5(54)

Published: Dec. 8, 2020

SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies, particularly those preventing viral spike receptor binding domain (RBD) interaction with host angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor, can neutralize the virus. It is, however, unknown which features of serological response may affect clinical outcomes COVID-19 patients. We analyzed 983 longitudinal plasma samples from 79 hospitalized patients and 175 SARS-CoV-2-infected outpatients asymptomatic individuals. Within this cohort, 25 died their illness. Higher ratios IgG antibodies targeting S1 or RBD domains compared to nucleocapsid antigen were seen in who had mild illness versus severely ill Plasma antibody increases correlated decreases RNAemia, but responses acute insufficient predict inpatient outcomes. Pseudovirus neutralization assays a scalable ELISA measuring blocking RBD-ACE2 well patient titers RBD. Outpatient individuals' SARS-CoV-2 including IgG, progressively decreased during observation up five months post-infection.

Language: Английский

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Mucosal Immunity in COVID-19: A Neglected but Critical Aspect of SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: Nov. 30, 2020

The mucosal immune system is the largest component of entire system, having evolved to provide protection at main sites infectious threat: mucosae. As SARS-CoV-2 initially infects upper respiratory tract, its first interactions with must occur predominantly surfaces, during both inductive and effector phases response. However, almost all studies response in COVID-19 have focused exclusively on serum antibodies systemic cell-mediated immunity including innate responses. This article proposes that there a significant role for secretory as well circulating IgA COVID-19, it important elucidate this order comprehend especially asymptomatic mild states infection, which appear account majority cases. Moreover, possible can be exploited beneficial diagnostic, therapeutic, or prophylactic purposes.

Language: Английский

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Pre-existing polymerase-specific T cells expand in abortive seronegative SARS-CoV-2

Nature, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 601(7891), P. 110 - 117

Published: Nov. 10, 2021

Abstract Individuals with potential exposure to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) do not necessarily develop PCR or antibody positivity, suggesting that some individuals may clear subclinical infection before seroconversion. T cells can contribute the rapid clearance of SARS-CoV-2 and other infections 1–3 . Here we hypothesize pre-existing memory cell responses, cross-protective against (refs. 4–11 ), would expand in vivo support viral control, aborting infection. We measured SARS-CoV-2-reactive cells, including those early transcribed replication–transcription complex (RTC) 12,13 , intensively monitored healthcare workers (HCWs) who tested repeatedly negative according PCR, binding neutralization assays (seronegative HCWs (SN-HCWs)). SN-HCWs had stronger, more multispecific compared a cohort unexposed from pandemic (prepandemic cohort), these were frequently directed RTC than structural-protein-dominated responses observed after detectable (matched concurrent cohort). strongest RTC-specific an increase IFI27 robust innate signature (ref. 14 abortive RNA polymerase within was largest region high sequence conservation across human seasonal coronaviruses (HCoV) clades. preferentially targeted (among regions tested) by prepandemic cohorts SN-HCWs. RTC-epitope-specific cross-recognized HCoV variants identified Enriched RNA-polymerase-specific expanded accumulate response putative overt Our data highlight as targets for vaccines endemic emerging Coronaviridae

Language: Английский

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T cell response to SARS-CoV-2 infection in humans: A systematic review

PLoS ONE, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 16(1), P. e0245532 - e0245532

Published: Jan. 25, 2021

Understanding the T cell response to SARS-CoV-2 is critical vaccine development, epidemiological surveillance and disease control strategies. This systematic review critically evaluates synthesises relevant peer-reviewed pre-print literature published from 01/01/2020-26/06/2020.

Language: Английский

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Antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 infection in humans: A systematic review

PLoS ONE, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 15(12), P. e0244126 - e0244126

Published: Dec. 31, 2020

Background Progress in characterising the humoral immune response to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been rapid but areas of uncertainty persist. Assessment full range evidence generated date understand characteristics antibody response, its dynamics over time, determinants and immunity it confers will have a clinical policy implications for this novel pathogen. This review comprehensively evaluated describing SARS-CoV-2 published from 01/01/2020-26/06/2020. Methods Systematic review. Keyword-structured searches were carried out MEDLINE, Embase COVID-19 Primer. Articles independently screened on title, abstract text by two researchers, with arbitration disagreements. Data double-extracted into pre-designed template, studies critically appraised using modified version Public Health Ontario Meta-tool Quality Appraisal Evidence (MetaQAT) tool, resolution disagreements consensus. Findings narratively synthesised. Results 150 papers included. Most (113 or 75%) observational design, based wholly primarily data hospitalised patients (108, 72%) had important methodological limitations. Few considered mild asymptomatic infection. Antibody well described acute phase, up around three months disease onset, picture regarding correlates was inconsistent. IgM consistently detected before IgG included studies, peaking at weeks five declining further post-symptom onset depending patient group; peaked seven then plateaued, generally persisting least eight weeks. Neutralising antibodies detectable within 15 days following levels increasing until 14–22 levelling decreasing, titres lower those clinically disease. Specific potent neutralising isolated convalescent plasma. Cross-reactivity limited cross-neutralisation other human coronaviridae reported. protective vivo small, short-term animal showing promising initial results immediate recovery phase. Conclusions Literature responses is variable quality considerable heterogeneity methods, study participants, outcomes measured assays used. Although phase are described, longer-term patterns much less evidenced. Comprehensive assessment role demographic severity needed. Initial findings low possible waning time may sero-surveillance control policy, although The detection plasma context development therapeutics vaccines. Due limitations existing base, large, cross-national cohort appropriate statistical analysis standardised serological classifications should be prioritised.

Language: Английский

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Highly functional virus-specific cellular immune response in asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection

The Journal of Experimental Medicine, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 218(5)

Published: March 1, 2021

The efficacy of virus-specific T cells in clearing pathogens involves a fine balance between antiviral and inflammatory features. SARS-CoV-2–specific individuals who clear SARS-CoV-2 without symptoms could reveal nonpathological yet protective characteristics. We longitudinally studied cohort asymptomatic (n = 85) symptomatic 75) COVID-19 patients after seroconversion. quantified reactive to structural proteins (M, NP, Spike) using ELISpot cytokine secretion whole blood. Frequencies were similar individuals, but the former showed an increased IFN-γ IL-2 production. This was associated with proportional IL-10 proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β) only infection, while disproportionate triggered by cell activation individuals. Thus, SARS-CoV-2–infected are not characterized weak immunity; on contrary, they mount highly functional cellular immune response.

Language: Английский

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COVID-19 Serology at Population Scale: SARS-CoV-2-Specific Antibody Responses in Saliva

Journal of Clinical Microbiology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 59(1)

Published: Oct. 19, 2020

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the cause of an ongoing pandemic that has infected over 36 million and killed 1 people. Informed implementation government public health policies depends on accurate data SARS-CoV-2 immunity at a population scale. We hypothesized detection salivary antibodies could serve as noninvasive alternative to serological testing for monitoring infection seropositivity

Language: Английский

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