Infections and Autoimmunity—The Immune System and Vitamin D: A Systematic Review

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(17), P. 3842 - 3842

Published: Sept. 2, 2023

Both 25-autoimmunity and(25(OH)D: calcifediol) and its active form, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D: calcitriol), play critical roles in protecting humans from invasive pathogens, reducing risks of autoimmunity, maintaining health. Conversely, low 25(OH)D status increases susceptibility to infections developing autoimmunity. This systematic review examines vitamin D’s mechanisms effects on enhancing innate acquired immunity against microbes preventing The study evaluated the quality evidence regarding biology, physiology, aspects human health related autoimmunity peer-reviewed journal articles published English. search analyses followed PRISMA guidelines. Data strongly suggested that serum concentrations more than 50 ng/mL is associated with significant risk reduction viral bacterial infections, sepsis, Most adequately powered, well-designed, randomized controlled trials sufficient duration supported substantial benefits D. Virtually all studies failed conclude or were ambiguous had major design errors. Treatment deficiency costs less 0.01% cost investigation worsening comorbidities hypovitaminosis Despite cost-benefits, prevalence remains high worldwide. was clear among those who died COVID-19 2020/21—most severe deficiency. Yet, lack direction agencies insurance companies using as an adjunct therapy astonishing. confirmed keeping individual’s above (125 nmol/L) (and 40 population) reduces community outbreaks, autoimmune disorders. Maintaining such 97.5% people achievable through daily safe sun exposure (except countries far equator during winter) taking between 5000 8000 IU supplements (average dose, for non-obese adults, ~70 90 IU/kg body weight). Those gastrointestinal malabsorption, obesity, medications increase catabolism a few other specific disorders require much higher intake. evaluates non-classical actions D, particular emphasis infection immune system.

Language: Английский

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The Power of Vitamin D: Is the Future in Precision Nutrition through Personalized Supplementation Plans?

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(8), P. 1176 - 1176

Published: April 15, 2024

In the last few decades, vitamin D has undeniably been one of most studied nutrients. Despite our ability to produce through sunlight exposure, its presence in several natural food sources and fortified foods, widespread availability as a dietary supplement, deficiency is serious public health problem, affecting nearly 50% global population. Low serum levels are being associated with increased susceptibility numerous conditions, including respiratory infections, mental health, autoimmune diseases, different cancer types. Although association between status well-established, exact beneficial effects still inconclusive indefinite, especially when considering prevention treatment conditions determination an appropriate dosage exert those various population groups. Therefore, further research needed. With constant improvements understanding individual variations metabolism requirements, future, precision nutrition personalized supplementation plans could prove beneficial.

Language: Английский

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Low vitamin D levels do not aggravate COVID-19 risk or death, and vitamin D supplementation does not improve outcomes in hospitalized patients with COVID-19: a meta-analysis and GRADE assessment of cohort studies and RCTs

Nutrition Journal, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 20(1)

Published: Oct. 31, 2021

The associations between vitamin D and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection clinical outcomes are controversial. efficacy of supplementation in COVID-19 is also not clear.

Language: Английский

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Calcifediol Treatment and Hospital Mortality Due to COVID-19: A Cohort Study

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 13(6), P. 1760 - 1760

Published: May 21, 2021

Context. Calcifediol has been proposed as a potential treatment for COVID-19 patients. Objective: To compare the administration or not of oral calcifediol on mortality risk patients hospitalized because COVID-19. Design: Retrospective, multicenter, open, non-randomized cohort study. Settings: Hospitalized care. Patients: Patients with laboratory-confirmed between 5 February and May 2020 in five hospitals South Spain. Intervention: received (25-hydroxyvitamin D3) (0.266 mg/capsule, 2 capsules entry then one capsule day 3, 7, 14, 21, 28) not. Main Outcome Measure: In-hospital during first 30 days after admission. Results: A total 537 were (317 males (59%), median age, 70 years), 79 (14.7%) treatment. Overall, in-hospital was 17.5%. The OR death receiving (mortality rate 5%) 0.22 (95% CI, 0.08 to 0.61) compared such 20%; p < 0.01). who admission more likely than those have comorbidity lower CURB-65 score pneumonia severity ≥ 3 (one point each confusion, urea > 7 mmol/L, respiratory 30/min, systolic blood pressure 90 mm Hg diastolic ≤ 60 Hg, age 65 acute distress syndrome (moderate severe), c-reactive protein, chronic kidney disease, nitrogen. In multivariable logistic regression model, adjusting confounders, there significant differences it (OR = 0.16 CI 0.03 0.80). Conclusion: Among COVID-19, calcifediol, significantly associated days. observational design sample size may limit interpretation these findings.

Language: Английский

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“Vitamin D supplementation and COVID-19 treatment: A systematic review and meta-analysis”

Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome Clinical Research & Reviews, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 15(4), P. 102189 - 102189

Published: June 28, 2021

Language: Английский

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Treatment With 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 (Calcifediol) Is Associated With a Reduction in the Blood Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio Marker of Disease Severity in Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19: A Pilot Multicenter, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blinded Clinical Trial

Endocrine Practice, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 27(12), P. 1242 - 1251

Published: Oct. 14, 2021

Language: Английский

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Low Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (Vitamin D) Level Is Associated With Susceptibility to COVID-19, Severity, and Mortality: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Frontiers in Nutrition, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 8

Published: March 29, 2021

Background: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess whether low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) level is associated with susceptibility COVID-19, severity, mortality related COVID-19. Methods: Systematic literature searches of PubMed, Scopus, Embase database up until 9 December 2020. We include published observational prospective retrospective studies information on 25-OHD that reported main/secondary outcome. Low refers participants below a cut-off point ranging from 20 30 ng/mL. Other values were excluded reduce heterogeneity. The main outcome was defined as non-survivor/death. secondary severe Results: There 14 comprising 999,179 participants. higher rate COVID-19 infection compared the control group (OR = 2.71 [1.72, 4.29], p &lt; 0.001; I 2 : 92.6%). Higher observed in patients 1.90 [1.24, 2.93], 0.003; 55.3%), sensitivity 83%, specificity 39%, PLR 1.4, NLR 0.43, DOR 3. 3.08 [1.35, 7.00], 0.011; 80.3%), 85%, 35%, 1.3, 0.44, Meta-regression analysis showed association between affected by male gender 1.22 [1.08, 1.39], 0.002), diabetes 0.88 [0.79, 0.98], 0.019). Conclusion: infection, presentation, mortality.

Language: Английский

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Calcifediol Treatment and COVID-19–Related Outcomes

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 106(10), P. e4017 - e4027

Published: June 7, 2021

Abstract Context COVID-19 is a major health problem because of saturation intensive care units (ICU) and mortality. Vitamin D has emerged as potential treatment able to reduce the disease severity. Objective This work aims elucidate effect 25(OH)D3 (calcifediol) on COVID-19–related outcomes. Methods observational cohort study was conducted from March May 2020, among patients admitted wards Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain. A total 930 with were included; 92 excluded previous calcifediol intake. Of remaining 838, 447 received (532 μg day 1 plus 266 days 3, 7, 15, 30), whereas 391 not treated at time hospital admission (intention-to-treat). latter, 53 later during ICU allocated in group second analysis. In healthy individuals, about 3.2-fold more potent weight basis than cholecalciferol. Main outcome measures Results assistance required by 102 (12.2%) participants. Out admission, 20 (4.5%) ICU, compared 82 (21%) out nontreated (P &lt; .001). Logistic regression adjusted age, sex, linearized 25-hydroxyvitamin levels baseline, comorbidities showed that had reduced risk requiring (odds ratio [OR] 0.13; 95% CI 0.07-0.23). Overall mortality 10%. intention-to-treat analysis, 21 (4.7%) died 62 (15.9%) = Adjusted results an OR 0.21 (95% CI, 0.10-0.43). obtained 0.52 0.27-0.99). Conclusion hospitalized COVID-19, significantly

Language: Английский

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Metabolic Implications of Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Process in SARS-CoV-2 Pathogenesis: Therapeutic Potential of Natural Antioxidants

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: May 26, 2021

COVID-19 is a zoonotic disease with devastating economic and public health impacts globally. Being novel disease, current research focused on clearer understanding of the mechanisms involved in its pathogenesis viable therapeutic strategies. Oxidative stress inflammation are intertwined processes that play roles progression response to therapy via interference multiple signaling pathways. The redox status host cell an important factor viral entry due unique conditions required for conformational changes ensure binding virus into cell. Upon airways, replication occurs innate immune system responds by activating macrophage dendritic cells which contribute inflammation. This review examines available literature proposes oxidative could pathogenesis. Further, certain antioxidants currently undergoing some form trial patients corresponding gaps highlighted show how targeting ameliorate severity.

Language: Английский

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COvid-19 and high-dose VITamin D supplementation TRIAL in high-risk older patients (COVIT-TRIAL): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Trials, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 21(1)

Published: Dec. 28, 2020

Abstract Background With the lack of effective therapy, chemoprevention, and vaccination against SARS-CoV-2, focusing on immediate repurposing existing drugs gives hope curbing COVID-19 pandemic. A recent unbiased genomics-guided tracing SARS-CoV-2 targets in human cells identified vitamin D among three top-scoring molecules manifesting potential infection mitigation patterns. Growing pre-clinical epidemiological observational data support this assumption. We hypothesized that supplementation may improve prognosis COVID-19. The aim trial is to compare effect a single oral high dose cholecalciferol versus standard all-cause 14-day mortality rate older adults at higher risk worsening. Methods COVIT-TRIAL study an open-label, multicenter, randomized controlled superiority trial. Patients aged ≥ 65 years with (diagnosed within preceding 3 days RT-PCR and/or chest CT scan) least one worsening factor time inclusion (i.e., age 75 years, or SpO2 ≤ 94% room air, PaO2/FiO2 300 mmHg), having no contraindications supplementation, received > 800 IU/day during month are recruited. Participants either high-dose (two 200,000 IU drinking vials once day inclusion) standard-dose (one 50,000 vial inclusion). Two hundred sixty participants recruited followed up for 28 days. primary outcome measure 14 inclusion. Secondary outcomes score changes World Health Organization Ordinal Scale Clinical Improvement (OSCI) scale COVID-19, between-group comparison safety. These assessed baseline, 14, 28, together serum concentrations 25(OH)D, creatinine, calcium, albumin baseline 7. Discussion our knowledge first testing high-risk patients. High-dose be effective, well-tolerated, easily immediately accessible treatment incidence which increases dramatically there currently scientifically validated treatments. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04344041 . Registered April 2020 status Recruiting. Recruitment expected completed 2021.

Language: Английский

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