A 2022 update on the epidemiology of obesity and a call to action: as its twin COVID-19 pandemic appears to be receding, the obesity and dysmetabolism pandemic continues to rage on

Metabolism, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 133, P. 155217 - 155217

Published: May 15, 2022

The WHO just released in May 2022 a report on the state of obesity pandemic Europe, stating that 60% citizens area Europe are either overweight or obese, and highlighting implications pandemic, especially as it interacts with COVID to create twin increase morbidity mortality. Obesity is complex disease which has reached dimensions. worldwide prevalence nearly tripled since 1975, mainly due adoption progressively more sedentary lifestyle consumption less healthy diets. We first herein updated rates by sex, age, region per report, then between 1980 2019, we analyze present data provided Global Burden Disease Study. higher women than men any age both increases their highest point ages 50 65 years showing slight downward trend afterwards. age-standardized increased from 4.6% 14.0% 2019. American European have USA Russia countries most obese residents. Given dire terms comorbidities mortality, these epidemiological findings call for coordinated actions local regional governments, scientific community individual patients alike, well food industry be controlled alleviated. can hopefully learn COVID-19 where collaborative efforts worldwide, focused intense work at global level well-coordinated leadership demonstrated humankind capable amazing accomplishments leveraging science public health, finally make strides understanding combating its including diabetes, NAFLD, CVD associated malignancies.

Language: Английский

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Steatotic Liver Disease: Pathophysiology and Emerging Pharmacotherapies

Pharmacological Reviews, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 76(3), P. 454 - 499

Published: Jan. 30, 2024

Steatotic liver disease (SLD) displays a dynamic and complex phenotype. Consequently, the metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic (MASLD)/metabolic steatohepatitis (MASH) therapeutic pipeline is expanding rapidly in multiple directions. In parallel, non-invasive tools for diagnosing monitoring responses to interventions are being studied, clinically feasible findings explored as primary outcomes interventional trials. The realization that distinct subgroups exist under umbrella of SLD should guide more precise personalized treatment recommendations facilitate advancements pharmacotherapeutics. This review summarizes recent updates pathophysiology-based nomenclature outlines both effective pharmacotherapeutics those MASLD/MASH, detailing their mode action current status phase 2 3 clinical Of extensive arsenal MASLD/MASH pipeline, several have been rejected, whereas other, mainly monotherapy options, shown only marginal benefits now tested part combination therapies, yet others still development monotherapies. Although successful drug candidate (or combinations) remains elusive, such approaches will ideally target MASH fibrosis while improving cardiometabolic risk factors. Due urgent need novel strategies potential availability safety tolerability data, repurposing existing approved drugs an appealing option. Finally, it essential highlight and, by extension, MASLD be recognized approached systemic affecting organs, with vigorous implementation interdisciplinary coordinated plans. Significance Statement SLD, including, among others, MASH, considered most prevalent chronic condition than one-fourth global population. aims provide information regarding pathophysiology, diagnosis, management line guidelines Collectively, hoped provided furthers understanding state direct implications stimulates additional research initiatives.

Language: Английский

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Mortality risk in patients with obesity and COVID-19 infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Metabolism, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 155, P. 155812 - 155812

Published: Feb. 13, 2024

Language: Английский

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Assessment of immune function in individuals without and with obesity and normoglycemia, glucose intolerance, or type 2 diabetes: primary findings of the NutrIMM study, a single-arm controlled feeding trial

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Milestones in the journey towards addressing obesity; Past trials and triumphs, recent breakthroughs, and an exciting future in the era of emerging effective medical therapies and integration of effective medical therapies with metabolic surgery

Metabolism, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 148, P. 155689 - 155689

Published: Sept. 7, 2023

Language: Английский

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Mendelian randomization study of obesity and type 2 diabetes in hospitalized COVID-19 patients

Metabolism, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 129, P. 155156 - 155156

Published: Jan. 29, 2022

Language: Английский

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The key role of inflammation in the pathogenesis and management of obesity and CVD

Metabolism, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 145, P. 155627 - 155627

Published: June 10, 2023

Language: Английский

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Folate metabolism negatively regulates OAS-mediated antiviral innate immunity via ADAR3/endogenous dsRNA pathway

Metabolism, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 143, P. 155526 - 155526

Published: Feb. 22, 2023

Folate (FA) is an essential cofactor in the one-carbon (1C) metabolic pathway and participates amino acid metabolism, purine thymidylate synthesis, DNA methylation. FA metabolism has been reported to play important role viral replications; however, roles of antiviral innate immune response are unclear.To evaluate potential regulatory response, we establish model deficiency (FAD) vitro vivo. The molecular functional effects FAD on 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetases (OAS)-associated immunity pathways were assessed; relationship between axis adenosine deaminases acting RNA 3 (ADAR3)/endogenous double-stranded (dsRNA)/OAS was further explored present study, as well translatability these findings vivo.FA-free RPMI 1640 medium FA-free feed used And homocysteine (Hcy) concentrations cell culture supernatants serum for evaluation. Ribonucleoprotein immunoprecipitation assay enrich endogenous dsRNA, dot-blot quantitative analysis dsRNA. Western-blot assay, isolation real-time PCR, immunofluorescence other biology techniques exploring mechanisms.In this observed that negatively regulated OAS-mediated response. Mechanistically, induced ADAR3, which interacted with inhibit deaminated (A) being converted into inosine (I), leading cytoplasmic accumulation Furthermore, dsRNA accumulated cytoplasm triggered host activation, thus promoting expression OAS2 suppress replication viruses. Additionally, injection 8-Azaadenosine experimental animals, A-to-I editing inhibitor, efficiently enhanced reduce burden vivo.Taken together, our study provided a new perspective illustrate ADAR3/endogenous dsRNA/OAS, insight treatment infectious diseases by targeting dsRNA/OAS.

Language: Английский

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Repurposing Metformin for Vascular Disease

Current Medicinal Chemistry, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 30(35), P. 3955 - 3978

Published: Aug. 1, 2022

Metformin has been used as an oral anti-hyperglycaemic drug since the late 1950s; however, following release in 1998 of findings 20-year United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS), metformin use rapidly increased and today is first-choice for patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). daily by estimated 150 million people worldwide. Historically, benefits anti-diabetic cardiovascular-protective have linked to effects liver, where it acts inhibit gluconeogenesis lipogenesis, well reduce insulin resistance enhance peripheral glucose utilization. However, direct protective on endothelium gut prior absorption are now recognized important. In gut, modulates glucagon-like peptide- 1 (GLP-1) - gut-brain axis impacts intestinal microbiota. As apparent number putative tissue cellular targets increased, so interest re-purposing treat other diseases that include polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, COVID-19. also being investigated anti-ageing drug. Of particular whether provides same level vascular protection individuals than those T2D, including obese metabolic syndrome, or setting thromboinflammation caused SARS-CoV-2. this review, we critically evaluate literature highlight clinical settings which might be therapeutically repurposed prevention treatment disease.

Language: Английский

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Four Waves of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Comparison of Clinical and Pregnancy Outcomes

Viruses, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(12), P. 2648 - 2648

Published: Nov. 27, 2022

During the last two and a half years, clinical manifestations, disease severity, pregnancy outcomes have differed among pregnant patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. These changes were preceded by presence of new variants SARS-CoV-2, known in literature as concern. The aim this study is to describe differences between maternal characteristics perinatal women COVID-19 during four waves epidemic Serbia. This retrospective included series 192 who hospitalized due severity their status outbreaks infection Serbia, we compared analyzed three sets variables, including signs, symptoms, infection, endpoints, newborn parameters. dominance Delta variant, duration hospitalization was longest (10.67 ± 1.42 days), frequency stillbirths highest (17.4%), well progression COVID (28.9%) requirement for non-invasive oxygen support (37%). variant associated number prescribed antibiotics (2.35 0.28), most common nosocomial infections (21.7%), corticosteroid therapy use (34.8%). observed concern are potential pathways risk stratification establishment timely proper treatments patients. Early identification possibly some similar features future, should be priority and, perhaps, even an opportunity introduce more accurate predictive algorithms

Language: Английский

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