Understanding the Holobiont: How Microbial Metabolites Affect Human Health and Shape the Immune System

Cell Metabolism, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 26(1), P. 110 - 130

Published: June 15, 2017

Language: Английский

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The sponge holobiont in a changing ocean: from microbes to ecosystems

Microbiome, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 6(1)

Published: March 9, 2018

The recognition that all macroorganisms live in symbiotic association with microbial communities has opened up a new field biology. Animals, plants, and algae are now considered holobionts, complex ecosystems consisting of the host, microbiota, interactions among them. Accordingly, ecological concepts can be applied to understand host-derived processes govern dynamics interactive networks within holobiont. In marine systems, holobionts further integrated into larger more ecosystems, concept referred as "nested ecosystems." this review, we discuss dynamic interact at multiple scales respond environmental change. We focus on symbiosis sponges their communities—a resulted one most diverse environment. recent years, sponge microbiology remarkably advanced terms curated databases, standardized protocols, information functions microbiota. Like Russian doll, these translated holobiont impact surrounding ecosystem. For example, sponge-associated metabolisms, fueled by high filtering capacity substantially affect biogeochemical cycling key nutrients like carbon, nitrogen, phosphorous. Since increasingly threatened anthropogenic stressors jeopardize stability ecosystem, link between perturbations, dysbiosis, diseases. Experimental studies suggest community composition is tightly linked health, but whether dysbiosis cause or consequence collapse remains unresolved. Moreover, potential role microbiome mediating for acclimate adapt change unknown. Future should aim identify mechanisms underlying scales, from develop management strategies preserve provided our present future oceans.

Language: Английский

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The root microbiome: Community assembly and its contributions to plant fitness

Journal of Integrative Plant Biology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 64(2), P. 230 - 243

Published: Jan. 14, 2022

The root microbiome refers to the community of microbes living in association with a plant's roots, and includes mutualists, pathogens, commensals. Here we focus on recent advances study commensal which is major research object microbiome-related researches. With rapid development new technologies, plant-commensal interactions can be explored unprecedented breadth depth. Both soil environment host plant drive assembly. bulk seed bank potential commensals, plants use exudates immune responses build healthy microbial communities from available microbes. extends functional system by participating variety processes, including nutrient absorption, growth promotion, resistance biotic abiotic stresses. Plants their microbiomes have evolved adaptation strategies over time. However, there still huge gap our understanding regulatory mechanisms interactions. In this review, summarize assembly effects these development, look at prospects for promoting sustainable agricultural through microbiome.

Language: Английский

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Simple animal models for microbiome research

Nature Reviews Microbiology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 17(12), P. 764 - 775

Published: Aug. 15, 2019

Language: Английский

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Functional roles and metabolic niches in the honey bee gut microbiota

Current Opinion in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 43, P. 69 - 76

Published: Jan. 12, 2018

Language: Английский

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Plant microbiome structure and benefits for sustainable agriculture

Current Plant Biology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 26, P. 100198 - 100198

Published: Jan. 26, 2021

Plants are colonized by a multitude of micro-organisms, collectively called "microbiome," and which play essential roles in the niches they inhabit. The potential microbiome, combined with need to produce food more sustainably, makes its study promising. Despite growing recognition vast functional ability native microbiota as an intricate component plant fitness, our understanding how microbial communities structured, intrinsic environmental factors that can modulate network is partial understood. In this review, we explore research has characterized different methodological approaches have used access this. We consider impact plant's genotype, interactions between taxa, influence agricultural practices, well conditions establishment enrichment micro-organisms beneficial effects on growth, development, health. Ultimately, suggested model route converts current knowledge about microbiomes into biotechnological product applied agriculture systems. One proposed approach use driven community composition stimulate members. Some examples these influential bioinoculants, proper certain conditions. On other hand, critical microbiome be isolated, formulated, become new biological product. Regardless used, innovations represent future sustainable agriculture.

Language: Английский

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Insights into insecticide-resistance mechanisms in invasive species: Challenges and control strategies

Frontiers in Physiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: Jan. 9, 2023

Threatening the global community is a wide variety of potential threats, most notably invasive pest species. Invasive species are non-native organisms that humans have either accidentally or intentionally spread to new regions. One effective and first lines control strategies for controlling pests application insecticides. These toxic chemicals employed get rid pests, but they pose great risks people, animals, plants. Pesticides heavily used in managing current era. Due overuse synthetic chemicals, numerous already developed resistance. The resistance development main reason failure manage Developing pesticide management techniques necessitates thorough understanding mechanisms through which insects acquire insecticide Insects use behavioral, biochemical, physiological, genetic, metabolic methods deal with can lead continuous overexpression detoxifying enzymes. An overabundance enzymes causes resistance, pesticides rendering them ineffective against pests. A key factor amplification certain enzymes, specifically esterases, Glutathione S-transferase, Cytochromes p450 monooxygenase, hydrolyses. Additionally, insect guts offer unique habitats microbial colonization, gut bacteria may serve their hosts useful services. Most importantly, detoxification insecticides leads development. complete knowledge could be very helpful coping challenges effectively developing Integrated Pest Management particularly at lowering risk chemical environmental contaminants resulting health issues, it also ways

Language: Английский

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Interspecies bacterial competition regulates community assembly in the C. elegans intestine

The ISME Journal, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 15(7), P. 2131 - 2145

Published: Feb. 15, 2021

From insects to mammals, a large variety of animals hold in their intestines complex bacterial communities that play an important role health and disease. To further our understanding how intestinal assemble function, we study the C. elegans microbiota with bottom-up approach by feeding this nematode monocultures as well mixtures two eight species. We find bacteria colonizing monoculture do not always co-cultures due interspecies interactions. Moreover, community diversity increases, ability colonize worm gut becomes less than interactions for determining assembly. explore host-microbe adaptation, compare isolated from non-native isolates, success colonization is determined more species' taxonomy isolation source. Lastly, comparing assembled microbiotas mutants, innate immunity via p38 MAPK pathway decreases abundances yet has little influence on composition. These results highlight interactions, so adaptation or environmental filtering, dominant assembly microbiota.

Language: Английский

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Role of Insect Gut Microbiota in Pesticide Degradation: A Review

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: May 3, 2022

Insect pests cause significant agricultural and economic losses to crops worldwide due their destructive activities. Pesticides are designed be poisonous intentionally released into the environment combat menace caused by these noxious pests. To survive, insects can resist toxic substances introduced humans in form of pesticides. According recent findings, microbes that live insect as symbionts have recently been found protect hosts against toxins. Symbioses formed between various microbes, a defensive mechanism pathogens Insects’ guts provide unique conditions for microbial colonization, resident bacteria deliver numerous benefits hosts. Insects vary significantly reliance on gut basic functions. digestive tracts very different shape chemical properties, which big impact structure composition community. microbiota has contribute feeding, parasite pathogen protection, immune response modulation, pesticide breakdown. The current review will examine roles detoxification mechanisms behind development resistance better understand detoxifying agriculturally pest insects, we provided comprehensive information regarding role

Language: Английский

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Interhost dispersal alters microbiome assembly and can overwhelm host innate immunity in an experimental zebrafish model

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 114(42), P. 11181 - 11186

Published: Oct. 2, 2017

Significance Manipulating the microbial communities associated with animals to improve host health requires a comprehensive understanding of mechanisms driving microbiome variation, which strict focus on host-specific factors has been insufficient in providing. We performed an experiment test whether movement, or dispersal, microorganisms among zebrafish hosts could alter effects important factors, using dispersal-based model guide interpretation results. observed that interhost dispersal can diversity and composition overwhelm host’s innate immune system. These findings suggest is mechanism variation should be considered future research.

Language: Английский

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