Processes,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
11(7), P. 2070 - 2070
Published: July 11, 2023
Facilitating
the
demands
of
modern
society,
namely,
smartphones,
televisions,
electric
vehicles,
and
high-stability
aircraft
structures,
requires
low-cost
high-performance
materials
a
corresponding
change
in
approach
needed
to
design
them.
Rare
earth
elements
(REEs)
play
significant
role
achieving
these
objectives
by
adding
small
amounts
alloys,
thereby
enhancing
material
properties.
Despite
being
more
abundant
than
precious
metals,
17
REEs
exhibit
subtle
variations
their
chemical
physical
characteristics.
Thus,
separation
is
still
crucial
for
industrial
applications.
There
need
develop
effective
efficient
methods.
Adding
challenge
complexity
sources
related
materials.
large-scale
production
REE
difficult.
Current
processing
techniques
can
be
categorized
into
pre-treatment,
beneficiation,
separation,
refining.
Researchers
have
developed
various
technologies
encompassing
chemical,
physical,
biological
methods,
focusing
on
economic
environmental
considerations.
However,
not
all
approaches
scaled
up
mass
production.
This
article
focuses
feasible
strategies
such
as
precipitation
crystallization,
oxidation
reduction,
ion
exchange,
adsorption,
solvent
extraction,
membrane
separation.
Further
research
traditional
methods
potentially
revolutionize
dynamics
REEs.
Journal of environmental chemical engineering,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
12(3), P. 112769 - 112769
Published: April 12, 2024
Rare
earth
elements
(REEs),
a
group
of
15
lanthanides,
have
garnered
widespread
interest
due
to
their
application
in
batteries,
lightweight
alloys
and
medical
equipment,
amongst
several
other
applications.
Despite
growing
demands,
there
are
restricted
sustainable
engineering
practices
that
could
build
steady
supply
these
metals,
with
mineral
metal
mining
being
the
major
pathway
for
REE
production.
This
predicament,
turn,
provides
window
opportunity
REEs
be
mined
from
secondary
sources
such
as
coal
fly
ash,
e-wastes
&
mine
tailings.
Mining
sources,
also
called
urban
mining,
offers
alternative
production
pathways,
reduces
monopolization
limited
locations
around
world.
Coal
residual
by-product
combustion
process,
promises
an
important
source
different
associated
minerals
parent
coal.
The
utilization
waste
stream(s)
legacy
coal-fired
power
plants,
embodies
underlying
principles
utilization.
Understanding
ash
properties
through
characterization
techniques
SEM-EDX,
XRD,
synchrotron-based
µ-XRF
µ-XANES
sheds
light
onto
various
minerals,
which
REEs,
often
subsequently
play
crucial
role
developing
leaching
separation
methodology.
review
focuses
on
latest
most
significant
results
published
extraction
it's
hydrometallurgical
pathways
direct
acid
leaching,
solvo-metallurgical
utilizing
deep
eutectic
solvents
ionic
liquids,
subsequent
recovery
processes
via
solvent
electrochemical
separation,
membrane
technique.
Nanomaterials,
Journal Year:
2019,
Volume and Issue:
9(6), P. 814 - 814
Published: May 29, 2019
Modern
societies
depend
strongly
on
electronic
and
electric
equipment
(EEE)
which
has
a
side
effect
result
the
large
production
of
wastes
(e-waste).
This
been
regarded
as
worldwide
issue,
because
its
environmental
impact—namely
due
to
non-adequate
treatment
storage
limitations.
In
particular,
EEE
is
dependent
availability
rare
earth
elements
(REEs),
considered
“vitamins”
modern
industry,
their
crucial
role
in
development
new
cutting-edge
technologies.
High
demand
limited
resources
REEs
Europe,
combined
with
potential
problems,
enforce
innovative
low-cost
techniques
materials
recover
these
from
e-waste
wastewaters.
this
context,
sorption
methods
have
shown
advantages
pre-concentrate
wastewaters
several
studies
reported
use
diverse
nanomaterials
for
purposes,
although
mostly
describing
synthetic
mono-elemental
solutions
at
unrealistic
metal
concentrations.
review
one-stop-reference
by
bringing
together
recent
research
works
scope
application
carbon
recovery
water.
