Unraveling the Microbiome–Human Body Axis: A Comprehensive Examination of Therapeutic Strategies, Interactions and Implications

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(10), P. 5561 - 5561

Published: May 20, 2024

This review scrutinizes the intricate interplay between microbiome and human body, exploring its multifaceted dimensions far-reaching implications. The microbiome, comprising diverse microbial communities inhabiting various anatomical niches, is increasingly recognized as a critical determinant of health disease. Through an extensive examination current research, this elucidates dynamic interactions host physiology across multiple organ systems. Key topics include establishment maintenance microbiota diversity, influence factors on composition, bidirectional communication pathways cells. Furthermore, we delve into functional implications dysbiosis in disease states, emphasizing role shaping immune responses, metabolic processes, neurological functions. Additionally, discusses emerging therapeutic strategies aimed at modulating to restore host–microbe homeostasis promote health. Microbiota fecal transplantation represents groundbreaking approach management dysbiosis-related diseases, offering promising avenue for restoring balance within gut ecosystem. innovative therapy involves transfer from healthy donor individual suffering dysbiosis, aiming replenish beneficial populations mitigate pathological imbalances. By synthesizing findings fields, offers valuable insights complex relationship highlighting avenues future research clinical interventions.

Language: Английский

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The Role of Gut Microbiome in Sleep Quality and Health: Dietary Strategies for Microbiota Support

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(14), P. 2259 - 2259

Published: July 13, 2024

Dietary components, including dietary fiber, unsaturated fatty acids, and polyphenols, along with meal timing spacing, significantly affect the microbiota’s capacity to produce various metabolites essential for quality sleep overall health. This review explores role of gut microbiota in regulating through such as short-chain tryptophan, serotonin, melatonin, gamma-aminobutyric acid. A balanced diet rich plant-based foods enhances production these sleep-regulating metabolites, potentially benefiting aims investigate how habits composition, it produces, subsequent impact on related health conditions.

Language: Английский

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I "Gut" Rhythm: the microbiota as a modulator of the stress response and circadian rhythms

FEBS Journal, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 22, 2025

Modern habits are becoming more and disruptive to health. As our days often filled with circadian disruption stress exposures, we need understand how responses these external stimuli shaped their mediators can be targeted promote A growing body of research demonstrates the role gut microbiota in influencing brain function behavior. The response rhythms, which essential maintaining appropriate environment, known impacted by microbiota. Gut microbes have been shown alter host's modulate rhythmicity. Although studies demonstrated strong links between microbiota, rhythms response, such were conducted an independent manner not conducive understanding interface factors. Due interconnected nature this review explore may play a regulating integration signals mammals consequences for health disease.

Language: Английский

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Multispecies probiotic administration reduces emotional salience and improves mood in subjects with moderate depression: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study

Psychological Medicine, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 53(8), P. 3437 - 3447

Published: Feb. 7, 2022

Abstract Background The potential antidepressant properties of probiotics have been suggested, but their influence on the emotional processes that may underlie this effect is unclear. Methods Depressed volunteers ( n = 71) were recruited into a randomised double-blind, placebo-controlled study to explore effects daily, 4-week intake multispecies probiotic or placebo processing and cognition. Mood, anxiety, positive negative affect, sleep, salivary cortisol serum C-reactive peptide (CRP) assessed before after supplementation. Results Compared with placebo, increased accuracy at identifying faces expressing all emotions (+12%, p < 0.05, total 51) vigilance neutral (mean difference between groups 12.28 ms ± 6.1, 51). Probiotic supplementation also reduced reward learning (−9%, 51), interference word recall auditory verbal task (−18%, 50), did not affect other aspects cognitive performance. Although actigraphy revealed significant group × night-time activity interaction, follow up analysis was 0.094). Supplementation alter circulating CRP concentrations. significantly (−50% from baseline, 35) depression scores Patient Health Questionnaire-9, these correlate changes in processing. Conclusions impartiality stimuli observed conventional therapies. Further studies are required elucidate significance regard mood-improving action current probiotic.

Language: Английский

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From Alpha Diversity to Zzz: Interactions among sleep, the brain, and gut microbiota in the first year of life

Progress in Neurobiology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 209, P. 102208 - 102208

Published: Dec. 16, 2021

Sleep disorders have been linked to alterations of gut microbiota composition in adult humans and animal models, but it is unclear how this link develops. With longitudinal assessments 162 healthy infants, we present a so far unrecognized sleep-brain-gut interrelationship. First, report between sleep habits microbiota: daytime associated with bacterial diversity, nighttime fragmentation variability are maturity enterotype. Second, demonstrate link: diversity enterotype neurophysiology. Third, show that the relevant development: markers predict behavioral-developmental outcomes. Our results dynamic interplay sleep, microbiota, maturation brain behavior during infancy, which aligns newly emerging concept axis. Importantly, represent promising health targets since both can be modified non-invasively. As many diseases root early childhood, leveraging protective factors adequate age-appropriate infancy could constitute promoting factor across entire human lifespan.

Language: Английский

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Associations between gut microbiota and sleep: a two-sample, bidirectional Mendelian randomization study

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Aug. 14, 2023

Previous research has reported that the gut microbiota performs an essential role in sleep through microbiome-gut-brain axis. However, causal association between and remains undetermined.We performed a two-sample, bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis using genome-wide study summary data of self-reported traits from MiBioGen consortium UK Biobank to investigate relationships 119 bacterial genera seven sleep-associated traits. We calculated effect estimates by inverse-variance weighted (as main method), maximum likelihood, simple model, median, MR-Egger methods, whereas heterogeneity pleiotropy were detected measured MR residual sum outlier method, Cochran's Q statistics, regression.In forward analysis, concluded genetic forecasts relative abundance 42 had effects on In reverse 39 genera, 13 which overlapped with analysis.In conclusion, our indicates may be involved regulation sleep, conversely, changes also alter microbiota. These findings suggest underlying reciprocal sleep.

Language: Английский

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A microbiome‐targeting fibre‐enriched nutritional formula is well tolerated and improves quality of life and haemoglobin A1c in type 2 diabetes: A double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled trial

Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 25(5), P. 1203 - 1212

Published: Jan. 3, 2023

To investigate a prebiotic fibre-enriched nutritional formula on health-related quality of life and metabolic control in type 2 diabetes.This was 12-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled study with an unblinded dietary advice only comparator arm. Participants were randomized 2:1:1 to (Active), placebo fibre-absent (Placebo), or non-blinded alone (Diet). Primary endpoint change core Type Diabetes Distress Assessment System (cT2-DDAS) at week 12. Glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) key secondary endpoint.In total, 192 participants randomized. Mean age 54.3 years, HbA1c 7.8%, body mass index 35.9 kg/m2 . At 12, cT2-DDAS reduced significantly Active versus Placebo (-0.4, p = .03), vs (-0.64%, .01). Gut microbiome sequencing revealed that the relative abundance two species butyrate-producing bacteria (Roseburia faecis Anaerostipes hadrus) increased vs. Placebo.A microbiome-targeting improved HbA1c, suggesting potential for fibre as complement lifestyle and/or pharmaceutical interventions managing diabetes.

Language: Английский

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The triple interactions between gut microbiota, mycobiota and host immunity

Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 63(33), P. 11604 - 11624

Published: July 1, 2022

The gut microbiome is mainly composed of microbiota and mycobiota, both which play important roles in the development host immune system, metabolic regulation, maintenance intestinal homeostasis. With increasing awareness pathogenic essence infectious, immunodeficiency, tumor-related diseases, interactions between bacteria, fungi, immunity have been shown to directly influence disease process or final therapeutic outcome, collaborative antagonistic relationships are commonly found bacteria fungi. Interventions represented by probiotics, prebiotics, engineered fecal transplantation (FMT), drugs can effectively modulate triple interactions. In particular, traditional probiotics Bifidobacterium Lactobacillus next-generation Akkermansia muciniphila Faecalibacterium prausnitzii showed a high enrichment trend patients with response inflammation remission tumor immunotherapy, predicts potential medicinal value these beneficial microbial formulations. However, there bottlenecks all interventions that need be broken. Meanwhile, further unraveling underlying mechanisms "triple interactions" model guide precise ultimately improve efficiency on modulation, thus indirectly improving anti-inflammatory immunotherapy effects.Gut mycobiota significantly pathology efficacy cooperative manner.Probiotics spp. highly enriched implies potential.

Language: Английский

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Gut Microbiota and Tumor Immune Escape: A New Perspective for Improving Tumor Immunotherapy

Cancers, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(21), P. 5317 - 5317

Published: Oct. 28, 2022

The gut microbiota is a large symbiotic community of anaerobic and facultative aerobic bacteria inhabiting the human intestinal tract, its activities significantly affect health. Increasing evidence has suggested that microbiome plays an important role in tumor-related immune regulation. In tumor microenvironment (TME), metabolites differentiation function cells regulating evasion tumors. can indirectly influence individual responses to various classical immunotherapies, including checkpoint inhibitor therapy adoptive immunotherapy. Microbial regulation through antibiotics, prebiotics, fecal transplantation (FMT) optimize composition microbiome, improving efficacy immunotherapy bringing new perspective hope for treatment.

Language: Английский

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The Gain and Loss of Cryptochrome/Photolyase Family Members during Evolution

Genes, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13(9), P. 1613 - 1613

Published: Sept. 8, 2022

The cryptochrome/photolyase (CRY/PL) family represents an ancient group of proteins fulfilling two fundamental functions. While photolyases repair UV-induced DNA damages, cryptochromes mainly influence the circadian clock. In this study, we took advantage large number already sequenced and annotated genes available in databases systematically searched for protein sequences CRY/PL members all taxonomic groups primarily focusing on metazoans limiting species per order to five. Using BLASTP searches subsequent phylogenetic tree motif analyses, identified five distinct (CPDI, CPDII, CPDIII, 6-4 photolyase, plant photolyase PPL) six cryptochrome subfamilies (DASH-CRY, mammalian-type MCRY, Drosophila-type DCRY, cnidarian-specific ACRY, plant-specific PCRY, putative magnetoreceptor CRY4. Manually assigning studied, have noted that over evolutionary history, initial increase various was followed by a decrease specialization. Thus, more primitive organisms (e.g., bacteria, archaea, simple eukaryotes, basal metazoans), find relatively few members. As become evolved cnidarians, mollusks, echinoderms, etc.), repertoire also increases, whereas it appears again recent (humans, fruit flies, etc.). Moreover, our study indicates cryptochromes, although largely active clock, arose independently from different photolyases, explaining their modes action.

Language: Английский

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