The HPA axis dysregulation in severe mental illness: Can we shift the blame to gut microbiota?

Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 102, P. 109951 - 109951

Published: April 24, 2020

Accumulating evidence indicates that patients with severe mental disorders, including major depression, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia present various alterations of the gut microbiota increased intestinal permeability. In addition, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis dysregulation subclinical inflammation have been reported in this group patients. Although it has found HPA appears as a consequence psychosocial stress, especially traumatic life events, exact mechanisms observation remain unclear. Animal model studies unraveled several linking dysfunction. Indeed, can activate through mediators cross blood-brain barrier include microbial antigens, cytokines prostaglandins. There is also species affect ileal corticosterone production may impact activity axis. However, some metabolites released by microbes, e.g., short-chain fatty acids, attenuate response. Moreover, bacteria release neurotransmitters directly interact vagal afferents. It postulated activation article, we discuss summarize current for cross-talk between gut-brain from mood psychotic disorders. Finally, show potential clinical implications arise future investigating respect to

Language: Английский

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Cytokines and C-reactive protein alterations with respect to cognitive impairment in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: A systematic review

Schizophrenia Research, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 192, P. 16 - 29

Published: April 14, 2017

Language: Английский

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The Inflamed Brain in Schizophrenia: The Convergence of Genetic and Environmental Risk Factors That Lead to Uncontrolled Neuroinflammation

Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Aug. 27, 2020

Schizophrenia is a disorder with heterogeneous etiology involving complex interplay between genetic and environmental risk factors. The immune system now known to play vital roles in nervous function pathology through regulating neuronal glial development, synaptic plasticity, behavior. In this regard, the positioned as common link seemingly diverse factors for schizophrenia. Synthesizing information about how immune-brain axis affected by multiple these might interact schizophrenia necessary better understand pathogenesis of disease. Such knowledge will aid development more translatable animal models that may lead effective therapeutic interventions. Here, we provide an overview modulate function. We also explore including exposure pollution, gut dysbiosis, maternal activation early-life stress, consequences are linked microglial dysfunction. propose morphological signaling deficits blood-brain barrier, observed some individuals schizophrenia, can act gateway peripheral central inflammation, thus affecting microglia their essential functions. Finally, describe response neuroinflammation impact on brain homeostasis, well pathophysiology.

Language: Английский

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Alterations in sperm long RNA contribute to the epigenetic inheritance of the effects of postnatal trauma

Molecular Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 25(9), P. 2162 - 2174

Published: Oct. 26, 2018

Abstract Psychiatric diseases have a strong heritable component known to not be restricted DNA sequence-based genetic inheritance alone but also involve epigenetic factors in germ cells. Initial evidence suggested that sperm RNA is causally linked the transmission of symptoms induced by traumatic experiences. Here, we show alterations long contribute specific trauma symptoms. Injection fraction from males exposed postnatal recapitulates effects on food intake, glucose response insulin and risk-taking adulthood whereas small alters body weight behavioural despair. Alterations are maintained after fertilization, suggesting direct link between embryo RNA.

Language: Английский

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Interactions Between Variation in Candidate Genes and Environmental Factors in the Etiology of Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder: a Systematic Review

Molecular Neurobiology, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 55(6), P. 5075 - 5100

Published: Aug. 18, 2017

Language: Английский

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A systematic review on mediators between adversity and psychosis: potential targets for treatment

Psychological Medicine, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 50(12), P. 1966 - 1976

Published: Aug. 3, 2020

Various psychological and biological pathways have been proposed as mediators between childhood adversity (CA) psychosis. A systematic review of the evidence in this domain is needed. Our aim to systematically on CA psychosis across spectrum. This followed PRISMA guidelines. Articles published 1979 July 2019 were identified through a literature search OVID (PsychINFO, Medline Embase) Cochrane Libraries. The by each analysis study presented group mediator categories found. percentage total effect mediated was calculated. Forty-eight studies included, 21 clinical samples 27 general population (GP) with 82 352 subjects from GP 3189 studies. quality judged 'fair'. results showed (i) solid mediation negative cognitive schemas about self, world others (NS); dissociation other post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms; an affective pathway but not disorder; (iii) lack exploring mediators. We found suggesting that various overlapping competing involving mood symptoms, well cognitions contribute partially link Experiences CA, along relevant should be routinely assessed patients Evidence testing efficacy interventions targeting such behavioural approaches and/or pharmacological means needed future.

Language: Английский

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Childhood adversity and psychosis: a systematic review of bio-psycho-social mediators and moderators

Psychological Medicine, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 50(11), P. 1761 - 1782

Published: July 6, 2020

Abstract The association between childhood adversity (CA) and psychosis has been extensively investigated in recent years. An increasing body of research also focused on the mediating or moderating role biological psychological mechanisms, as well other risk factors that might account for link CA psychosis. We conducted a systematic search PsychINFO, Embase, Ovid, Web Science databases original articles investigating genetic vulnerabilities, environmental factors, psychopathological mechanisms up to August 2019. included studies with individuals at different stages continuum, from subclinical psychotic experiences diagnosed disorders. From 28 944 records identified, total 121 were this review. Only 26% identified met criteria methodological robustness. Overall, current evidence suggests may be associated largely independently vulnerabilities. More consistent robust supports interaction early adversities, attachment mood symptoms, which is suggestive an affective pathway across continuum diagnosable disorder. This review highlighted numerous issues existing literature, including selection bias, heterogeneity measurement instruments utilised, lack control potential confounders. Future should address these limitations more accurately estimate mediation moderation effects CA-psychosis inform development preventive interventions.

Language: Английский

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The Role of Cytokines in the Pathogenesis of Schizophrenia

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 10(17), P. 3849 - 3849

Published: Aug. 27, 2021

Schizophrenia is a chronic mental illness of unknown etiology. A growing and compelling body evidence implicates immunologic dysfunction as the key element in its pathomechanism. Cytokines, whose altered levels have been increasingly reported various patient populations, are major mediators involved coordination immune system. The available literature reports both elevated proinflammatory well reduced anti-inflammatory cytokines, their effects on clinical status neuroimaging changes. There at least partial genetic basis for association between cytokine alterations schizophrenia. Two other factors implicated development include early childhood trauma disturbances gut microbiome. Moreover, subtypes, characterized by individual symptom severity course, such deficit schizophrenia, seem to differ terms changes peripheral levels. While use systematic review methodology could be difficult due breadth diversity issues covered this review, applied narrative approach allows more holistic presentation. aim was present up-to-date dysregulation effect psychopathological presentation, links with antipsychotic medication. We also attempted summarize postulated underpinnings, including microbiome disturbances, propose trait state markers

Language: Английский

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Integrating Clinical Neuropsychology and Psychotic Spectrum Disorders: A Systematic Analysis of Cognitive Dynamics, Interventions, and Underlying Mechanisms

Medicina, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 60(4), P. 645 - 645

Published: April 17, 2024

: The study aims to provide a comprehensive neuropsychological analysis of psychotic spectrum disorders, including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and depression. It focuses on the critical aspects cognitive impairments, diagnostic tools, intervention efficacy, roles genetic environmental factors in these disorders. paper emphasizes significance tests identifying deficiencies their predictive value early management psychosis.

Language: Английский

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The role of childhood trauma in cognitive performance in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder – A systematic review

Schizophrenia Research Cognition, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 16, P. 1 - 11

Published: Dec. 11, 2018

Childhood trauma (CT) has repeatedly been associated with cognitive deficits in patients psychosis but many inconsistencies have reported so that the nature of relationship remains unclear. The purpose this review was to better characterize contribution CT by considering type, severity and frequency childhood traumatic events their relationships at all stages. Relevant studies were identified via electronic manual literature searches included original investigated between higher performance or social schizophrenia, bipolar disorder stages illness (i.e. ultra-high risk, first episode chronic phase). Overall, a majority who experienced displayed general ability compared without such history. Associations other function more mixed. When comparing patient groups, association inconsistent schizophrenia than healthy participants, risk individuals, first-episode disorder. In understanding variability cognition across study populations, we highlight variety questionnaires used discuss likelihood there being differences based on specific stressors, frequency. Finally, consider future research steps may shed light psychobiological mechanisms underlying psychosis.

Language: Английский

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